TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pozzi, Nicoló G.
A1  - Palmisano, Chiara
A1  - Reich, Martin M.
A1  - Capetian, Philip
A1  - Pacchetti, Claudio
A1  - Volkmann, Jens
A1  - Isaias, Ioannis U.
T1  - Troubleshooting gait disturbances in Parkinson’s disease with deep brain stimulation
JF  - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
N2  - Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus or the globus pallidus is an established treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) that yields a marked and lasting improvement of motor symptoms. Yet, DBS benefit on gait disturbances in PD is still debated and can be a source of dissatisfaction and poor quality of life. Gait disturbances in PD encompass a variety of clinical manifestations and rely on different pathophysiological bases. While gait disturbances arising years after DBS surgery can be related to disease progression, early impairment of gait may be secondary to treatable causes and benefits from DBS reprogramming. In this review, we tackle the issue of gait disturbances in PD patients with DBS by discussing their neurophysiological basis, providing a detailed clinical characterization, and proposing a pragmatic programming approach to support their management.
KW  - Parkinson’s disease
KW  - freezing of gait (FOG)
KW  - deep brain stimulation (DBS)
KW  - subthalamic nucleus (STN)
KW  - globus pallidus pars interna (GPi)
KW  - pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN)
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-274007
SN  - 1662-5161
VL  - 16
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krajka, Victor
A1  - Naujock, Maximilian
A1  - Pauly, Martje G.
A1  - Stengel, Felix
A1  - Meier, Britta
A1  - Stanslowsky, Nancy
A1  - Klein, Christine
A1  - Seibler, Philip
A1  - Wegner, Florian
A1  - Capetian, Philipp
T1  - Ventral Telencephalic Patterning Protocols for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
JF  - Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
N2  - The differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into specific cell types for disease modeling and restorative therapies is a key research agenda and offers the possibility to obtain patient-specific cells of interest for a wide range of diseases. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) play a particular role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s dementia and isolated dystonias. In this work, various directed differentiation protocols based on monolayer neural induction were tested for their effectiveness in promoting a ventral telencephalic phenotype and generating BFCN. Ventralizing factors [i.e., purmorphamine and Sonic hedgehog (SHH)] were applied at different time points, time intervals, and concentrations. In addition, caudal identity was prevented by the use of a small molecule XAV-939 that inhibits the Wnt-pathway. After patterning, gene expression profiles were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Rostro-ventral patterning is most effective when initiated simultaneously with neural induction. The most promising combination of patterning factors was 0.5 μM of purmorphamine and 1 μM of XAV-939, which induces the highest expression of transcription factors specific for the medial ganglionic eminence, the source of GABAergic inter- and cholinergic neurons in the telencephalon. Upon maturation of cells, the immune phenotype, as well as electrophysiological properties were investigated showing the presence of marker proteins specific for BFCN (choline acetyltransferase, ISL1, p75, and NKX2.1) and GABAergic neurons. Moreover, a considerable fraction of measured cells displayed mature electrophysiological properties. Synaptic boutons containing the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VACHT) could be observed in the vicinity of the cells. This work will help to generate basal forebrain interneurons from hiPSCs, providing a promising platform for modeling neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Dystonia.
KW  - induced pluripotent stem cells
KW  - medial ganglionic eminence
KW  - Sonic hedgehog
KW  - XAV-939
KW  - purmorphamine
KW  - basal forebrain cholinergic neurons
KW  - GABAergic neurons
KW  - electrophysiology
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244607
SN  - 2296-634X
VL  - 9
ER  -