TY - THES A1 - Gross, Tim Philipp T1 - Transkriptionelle Regulation des CD23a-Promotors in Zellen chronischer lymphatischer Leukämien vom B-Zelltyp T1 - Transcriptional regulation of the CD23a-Promotor in cells of B-cell-type chronic lymphoid leukemias N2 - Die Expression und Regulation des Gens für den niedrig affinen Immunglobulin E-Rezeptor, von welchem beim Menschen zwei Isoformen existieren, unterscheidet sich deutlich zwischen B-Lymphozyten der chronisch lymphatischen Leukämie und normalen B-Zellen. Eine Untersuchung auf Promotorebene erscheint daher interessant; da der Promotor der Isoform b schon relativ gut charakterisiert ist, wurde in dieser Arbeit der CD23a-Core-Promotor näher betrachtet. Ein besonderes Augenmerk galt dabei putativen Bindungsstellen für STAT6. Das Bindungsverhalten von Transkriptionsfaktoren an Promotor-DNA wurde mit Gel-Retardierungsexperimenten (EMSA) untersucht. Hierzu wurden CD23a-Core-Promotor-Oligonukleotide zusammen mit Kernproteinextrakten aus Stimulationsansätzen von B-CLL- und normalen B-Zellen mit IL-4, IFN-g und PMA genutzt. Die EMSA-Experimente zeigten trotz unterschiedlicher Stimulationsansätze ein sich wiederholendes Bandenmuster, sodass die DNA-Protein-Interaktion auf Core-Promotorebene keine ausreichende Erklärung für die differentielle Regulation der Genexpression lieferte. Allerdings zeigten analoge EMSA-Versuche mit Kernextrakten einer EBV-transformierten Zelllinie ein leicht verändertes Bandenmuster, was auf ein verändertes Profil an Transkriptionsfaktoren am CD23a-Core-Promotor nach EBV-Transformation hindeuten kann. Eine weitere Analyse der Core-Promotorregion mittels der DNase-I-Footprint-Technik wurde durch die Klonierung geeigneter Vektoren und Etablierung einer Positivkontrolle vorbereitet. Da IL-4 den Hauptregulator auch der CD23a-Expression darstellt, war ein zentraler Teil der Arbeit die Charakterisierung von STAT6-Bindungsstellen im CD23a-Core-Promotor. Durch Sequenzanalyse wurden 2 putative STAT6-Bindungsstellen identifiziert. Mit Hilfe von Kompetitionsexperimenten konnte für eine der beiden Stellen (Nukleotidsequenz TAC CTGA GAA, Position 77-86 im CD23a-Core-Promotor) eine STAT6-Bindungsfähigkeit nachgewiesen werden; diese Bindungsstelle zeigte im Vergleich zu ihrem schon bekannten Gegenpart im CD23b-Promotor ein etwas schwächeres Bindungsvermögen für STAT6.Entscheidend für die Regulation der CD23-Expression sind wahrscheinlich das Zusammenspiel von STAT6 mit anderen Transkriptionsfaktoren wie Krox20 und NF-kB sowie alternative Signaltransduktionswege; auch Proto-Onkogene wie bcl-6 und Notch2 sind bei der Expression von CD23 von Bedeutung. Deren Rolle für die Pathogenese der B-CLL muss noch untersucht werden. N2 - The expression and regulation of the gene of the low-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor, of which there are two isoforms in human beings, is clearly different between B-cells in chronic lymphoid leukemia and normal B-cells. An examination of the promotor seems interesting; as the isoform-b’s promotor is already quite well characterized, in this work the CD23a-core-promotor was further examined. Special attention was turned on putative binding sites of STAT6. The binding of transcription factors to promotor-DNA was examined by electro mobility shift assays (EMSA). This was done by using CD23a-core-promotor oligonucleotides with nuclear extracts from stimulation assays of B-CLL and normal B-cells with IL-4, IFN-g and PMA. The EMSA-experiments showed in spite of different stimulation assays an equal band-pattern; thus the DNA-protein-interaction on the core-promotor level does not sufficiently explain the differential regulation of the gene expression. However, analogous EMSA-experiments with nuclear extracts of an EBV-transformed cell-line showed a slightly different band-pattern, which may be due to a different spectrum of transcription factors on the CD23a-core-promotor after EBV-transformation. A further analysis of the core-promotor was prepared by cloning appropriate vectors and establishing a positive control. As IL-4 is the main regulator of CD23a-expression, a central part of this work was the characterization of STAT6-binding-sites in the CD23a-core-promotor. 2 putative binding sites were identified by sequence-analysis. Competition experiments showed a STAT6-binding ability of one of the two sites (nucleotide sequence TAC CTGA GAA, position 77-86 in the CD23a-core-promotor). This site showed a somewhat weaker binding ability of STAT6 compared with its known counterpart in the CD23b-promotor. Important for the regulation of the CD23-expression is probably the interplay of STAT6 and further transcription factors like Krox20 and NF-kB as well as alternative signal transduction pathways. Also proto-oncogenes like bcl-6 and Notch2 are important in CD23-expression. Their role in the pathogenesis of B-CLL has to be further examined. KW - CD23 KW - CLL KW - Promotor KW - STAT6 KW - B-Zellen KW - CD23 KW - CLL KW - Promotor KW - STAT6 KW - B-cells Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-7344 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlosser, Julika A1 - Cibulka, Radek A1 - Groß, Philipp A1 - Ihmels, Heiko A1 - Mohrschladt, Christian J. T1 - Visible‐Light‐Induced Di‐\(\pi\)‐Methane Rearrangement of Dibenzobarrelene Derivatives JF - ChemPhotoChem N2 - It is demonstrated that the di‐\(\pi\)‐methane (DPM) rearrangement of carbonyl‐substituted dibenzobarrelene (9,10‐dihydro‐9,10‐ethenoanthracene) derivatives is induced by visible‐light‐induced triplet photosensitization with Ir(ppy)\(_{3}\), Ir(dFppy)\(_{3}\) or 1‐butyl‐7,8‐dimethoxy‐3‐methylalloxazine as catalysts, whereas derivatives that lack carbonyl substituents are photoinert under these conditions. Notably, the products are formed almost quantitatively. KW - dibenzosemibullvalenes KW - di-\(\pi\)-methane rearrangement KW - ethenoanthracenes KW - photocatalysis KW - photosensitization Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-212633 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 132 EP - 137 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - El-Helou, Sabine M. A1 - Biegner, Anika-Kerstin A1 - Bode, Sebastian A1 - Ehl, Stephan R. A1 - Heeg, Maximilian A1 - Maccari, Maria E. A1 - Ritterbusch, Henrike A1 - Speckmann, Carsten A1 - Rusch, Stephan A1 - Scheible, Raphael A1 - Warnatz, Klaus A1 - Atschekzei, Faranaz A1 - Beider, Renata A1 - Ernst, Diana A1 - Gerschmann, Stev A1 - Jablonka, Alexandra A1 - Mielke, Gudrun A1 - Schmidt, Reinhold E. A1 - Schürmann, Gesine A1 - Sogkas, Georgios A1 - Baumann, Ulrich H. A1 - Klemann, Christian A1 - Viemann, Dorothee A1 - Bernuth, Horst von A1 - Krüger, Renate A1 - Hanitsch, Leif G. A1 - Scheibenbogen, Carmen M. A1 - Wittke, Kirsten A1 - Albert, Michael H. A1 - Eichinger, Anna A1 - Hauck, Fabian A1 - Klein, Christoph A1 - Rack-Hoch, Anita A1 - Sollinger, Franz M. A1 - Avila, Anne A1 - Borte, Michael A1 - Borte, Stephan A1 - Fasshauer, Maria A1 - Hauenherm, Anja A1 - Kellner, Nils A1 - Müller, Anna H. A1 - Ülzen, Anett A1 - Bader, Peter A1 - Bakhtiar, Shahrzad A1 - Lee, Jae-Yun A1 - Heß, Ursula A1 - Schubert, Ralf A1 - Wölke, Sandra A1 - Zielen, Stefan A1 - Ghosh, Sujal A1 - Laws, Hans-Juergen A1 - Neubert, Jennifer A1 - Oommen, Prasad T. A1 - Hönig, Manfred A1 - Schulz, Ansgar A1 - Steinmann, Sandra A1 - Klaus, Schwarz A1 - Dückers, Gregor A1 - Lamers, Beate A1 - Langemeyer, Vanessa A1 - Niehues, Tim A1 - Shai, Sonu A1 - Graf, Dagmar A1 - Müglich, Carmen A1 - Schmalzing, Marc T. A1 - Schwaneck, Eva C. A1 - Tony, Hans-Peter A1 - Dirks, Johannes A1 - Haase, Gabriele A1 - Liese, Johannes G. A1 - Morbach, Henner A1 - Foell, Dirk A1 - Hellige, Antje A1 - Wittkowski, Helmut A1 - Masjosthusmann, Katja A1 - Mohr, Michael A1 - Geberzahn, Linda A1 - Hedrich, Christian M. A1 - Müller, Christiane A1 - Rösen-Wolff, Angela A1 - Roesler, Joachim A1 - Zimmermann, Antje A1 - Behrends, Uta A1 - Rieber, Nikolaus A1 - Schauer, Uwe A1 - Handgretinger, Rupert A1 - Holzer, Ursula A1 - Henes, Jörg A1 - Kanz, Lothar A1 - Boesecke, Christoph A1 - Rockstroh, Jürgen K. A1 - Schwarze-Zander, Carolynne A1 - Wasmuth, Jan-Christian A1 - Dilloo, Dagmar A1 - Hülsmann, Brigitte A1 - Schönberger, Stefan A1 - Schreiber, Stefan A1 - Zeuner, Rainald A1 - Ankermann, Tobias A1 - Bismarck, Philipp von A1 - Huppertz, Hans-Iko A1 - Kaiser-Labusch, Petra A1 - Greil, Johann A1 - Jakoby, Donate A1 - Kulozik, Andreas E. A1 - Metzler, Markus A1 - Naumann-Bartsch, Nora A1 - Sobik, Bettina A1 - Graf, Norbert A1 - Heine, Sabine A1 - Kobbe, Robin A1 - Lehmberg, Kai A1 - Müller, Ingo A1 - Herrmann, Friedrich A1 - Horneff, Gerd A1 - Klein, Ariane A1 - Peitz, Joachim A1 - Schmidt, Nadine A1 - Bielack, Stefan A1 - Groß-Wieltsch, Ute A1 - Classen, Carl F. A1 - Klasen, Jessica A1 - Deutz, Peter A1 - Kamitz, Dirk A1 - Lassy, Lisa A1 - Tenbrock, Klaus A1 - Wagner, Norbert A1 - Bernbeck, Benedikt A1 - Brummel, Bastian A1 - Lara-Villacanas, Eusebia A1 - Münstermann, Esther A1 - Schneider, Dominik T. A1 - Tietsch, Nadine A1 - Westkemper, Marco A1 - Weiß, Michael A1 - Kramm, Christof A1 - Kühnle, Ingrid A1 - Kullmann, Silke A1 - Girschick, Hermann A1 - Specker, Christof A1 - Vinnemeier-Laubenthal, Elisabeth A1 - Haenicke, Henriette A1 - Schulz, Claudia A1 - Schweigerer, Lothar A1 - Müller, Thomas G. A1 - Stiefel, Martina A1 - Belohradsky, Bernd H. A1 - Soetedjo, Veronika A1 - Kindle, Gerhard A1 - Grimbacher, Bodo T1 - The German national registry of primary immunodeficiencies (2012-2017) JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - Introduction: The German PID-NET registry was founded in 2009, serving as the first national registry of patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Germany. It is part of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registry. The primary purpose of the registry is to gather data on the epidemiology, diagnostic delay, diagnosis, and treatment of PIDs. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data was collected from 2,453 patients from 36 German PID centres in an online registry. Data was analysed with the software Stata® and Excel. Results: The minimum prevalence of PID in Germany is 2.72 per 100,000 inhabitants. Among patients aged 1-25, there was a clear predominance of males. The median age of living patients ranged between 7 and 40 years, depending on the respective PID. Predominantly antibody disorders were the most prevalent group with 57% of all 2,453 PID patients (including 728 CVID patients). A gene defect was identified in 36% of patients. Familial cases were observed in 21% of patients. The age of onset for presenting symptoms ranged from birth to late adulthood (range 0-88 years). Presenting symptoms comprised infections (74%) and immune dysregulation (22%). Ninety-three patients were diagnosed without prior clinical symptoms. Regarding the general and clinical diagnostic delay, no PID had undergone a slight decrease within the last decade. However, both, SCID and hyper IgE-syndrome showed a substantial improvement in shortening the time between onset of symptoms and genetic diagnosis. Regarding treatment, 49% of all patients received immunoglobulin G (IgG) substitution (70%-subcutaneous; 29%-intravenous; 1%-unknown). Three-hundred patients underwent at least one hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Five patients had gene therapy. Conclusion: The German PID-NET registry is a precious tool for physicians, researchers, the pharmaceutical industry, politicians, and ultimately the patients, for whom the outcomes will eventually lead to a more timely diagnosis and better treatment. KW - registry for primary immunodeficiency KW - primary immunodeficiency (PID) KW - German PID-NET registry KW - PID prevalence KW - European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) KW - IgG substitution therapy KW - CVID Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-226629 VL - 10 ER -