TY - THES A1 - Kohlhaas, Philipp T1 - Ethik-Kommissionen in der Arzneimittelforschung : eine Untersuchung landesrechtlicher Vorgaben zu Verfasstheit und Verfahren vor dem Hintergrund eines prozeduralisierten Schutzkonzeptes am Beispiel des Freistaats Bayern T1 - Ethics Committees in pharmaceutical research N2 - Die Arbeit untersucht Verfasstheit und Verfahren von Ethik-Kommissionen im Sinne der §§ 40 ff. Arzneimittelgesetzes am Beispiel des Freistaates Bayern. Es werden das bayerische Landesrecht sowie die lokalen Satzungsregelungen in ihrem Verhältnis zum Bundes- und Europarecht untersucht. Ihre Zusammensetzung und Struktur, ihre Arbeit und die Rechtsgrundlagen der bayerischen Ethik-Kommissionen werden betrachtet und verschiedene, insbesondere verwaltungsverfahrensrechtliche Aspekte näher untersucht. Die starke Prozeduralisierung, also die Hervorhebung des Grundrechtsschutzes durch Verfahren, spielt dabei eine besondere Rolle. Unter anderem werden die Rechtmäßigkeit von Nebenbestimmungen zum Votum der Ethik-Kommission, die Aufhebung eines Votums, verschiedene Aspekte der interdisziplinären Zusammensetzung der Ethik-Kommissionen und das Ausmaß ihrer Unabhängigkeit. Die grundsätzlichen Überlegungen, Kritikpunkte und Anregungen aus dieser Arbeit sind als Analyse in großen Teilen exemplarisch und grundsätzlich auf derartige Regelungen in allen Bundesländern übertragbar. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, zu einem umfassenderen Verständnis eines prozeduralen Schutzkonzeptes beizutragen. N2 - This doctoral thesis assesses, based on the state law of Bavaria and its implementation on the local level, the structure and proceedings of "Ethics Committees" as defined under the German Medicinal Products Act, taking into account the statutory provisions of European and Federal German law. Focused on the fact that the Ethics Committees' legal setup relies heavily on procedural aspects, compliance with as well as effect on administrative procedural law and its constitutional background are evaluated and specific problems discussed. This includes inter alia the legality of incidental provisions to an Ethics Committee's opinion, revocation of such opinion, different aspects of the interdisciplinary setup of the Ethics Committees and the extent of their independence. As a basic principle, many findings of the performed assessment, though based on Bavarian state and local law, can to a far extent be used similarly to assess respective provisions throughout the German states. With these results, the thesis' aim is to provide for a more comprehensive understanding of the aforementioned procedural focus. KW - Ethik-Kommission KW - Besonderes Verwaltungsrecht KW - Arzneimittelrecht KW - Klinische Prüfung KW - Deutschland / Arzneimittelgesetz KW - ethics committee KW - public law KW - medicinal products act KW - clinical trial KW - pharmaceutical law Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-56738 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Janz, Anna A1 - Walz, Katharina A1 - Cirnu, Alexandra A1 - Surjanto, Jessica A1 - Urlaub, Daniela A1 - Leskien, Miriam A1 - Kohlhaas, Michael A1 - Nickel, Alexander A1 - Brand, Theresa A1 - Nose, Naoko A1 - Wörsdörfer, Philipp A1 - Wagner, Nicole A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Maack, Christoph A1 - Dudek, Jan A1 - Lorenz, Kristina A1 - Klopocki, Eva A1 - Ergün, Süleyman A1 - Duff, Henry J. A1 - Gerull, Brenda T1 - Mutations in DNAJC19 cause altered mitochondrial structure and increased mitochondrial respiration in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes JF - Molecular Metabolism N2 - Highlights • Loss of DNAJC19's DnaJ domain disrupts cardiac mitochondrial structure, leading to abnormal cristae formation in iPSC-CMs. • Impaired mitochondrial structures lead to an increased mitochondrial respiration, ROS and an elevated membrane potential. • Mutant iPSC-CMs show sarcomere dysfunction and a trend to more arrhythmias, resembling DCMA-associated cardiomyopathy. Background Dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia (DCMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder arising from truncating mutations in DNAJC19, which encodes an inner mitochondrial membrane protein. Clinical features include an early onset, often life-threatening, cardiomyopathy associated with other metabolic features. Here, we aim to understand the metabolic and pathophysiological mechanisms of mutant DNAJC19 for the development of cardiomyopathy. Methods We generated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) of two affected siblings with DCMA and a gene-edited truncation variant (tv) of DNAJC19 which all lack the conserved DnaJ interaction domain. The mutant iPSC-CMs and their respective control cells were subjected to various analyses, including assessments of morphology, metabolic function, and physiological consequences such as Ca\(^{2+}\) kinetics, contractility, and arrhythmic potential. Validation of respiration analysis was done in a gene-edited HeLa cell line (DNAJC19tv\(_{HeLa}\)). Results Structural analyses revealed mitochondrial fragmentation and abnormal cristae formation associated with an overall reduced mitochondrial protein expression in mutant iPSC-CMs. Morphological alterations were associated with higher oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) in all three mutant iPSC-CMs, indicating higher electron transport chain activity to meet cellular ATP demands. Additionally, increased extracellular acidification rates suggested an increase in overall metabolic flux, while radioactive tracer uptake studies revealed decreased fatty acid uptake and utilization of glucose. Mutant iPSC-CMs also showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an elevated mitochondrial membrane potential. Increased mitochondrial respiration with pyruvate and malate as substrates was observed in mutant DNAJC19tv HeLa cells in addition to an upregulation of respiratory chain complexes, while cellular ATP-levels remain the same. Moreover, mitochondrial alterations were associated with increased beating frequencies, elevated diastolic Ca\(^{2+}\) concentrations, reduced sarcomere shortening and an increased beat-to-beat rate variability in mutant cell lines in response to β-adrenergic stimulation. Conclusions Loss of the DnaJ domain disturbs cardiac mitochondrial structure with abnormal cristae formation and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that DNAJC19 plays an essential role in mitochondrial morphogenesis and biogenesis. Moreover, increased mitochondrial respiration, altered substrate utilization, increased ROS production and abnormal Ca\(^{2+}\) kinetics provide insights into the pathogenesis of DCMA-related cardiomyopathy. KW - cell biology KW - molecular biology KW - dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia KW - genetics KW - metabolism KW - mitochondria KW - OXPHOS KW - ROS KW - contractility Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350393 SN - 2212-8778 VL - 79 ER -