TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ranger, Christopher M.
A1  - Biedermann, Peter HW
A1  - Phuntumart, Vipaporn
A1  - Beligala, Gayathri U.
A1  - Ghosh, Satyaki
A1  - Palmquist, Debra E.
A1  - Mueller, Robert
A1  - Barnett, Jenny
A1  - Schultz, Peter B.
A1  - Reding, Michael E.
A1  - Benz, J. Philipp
T1  - Symbiont selection via alcohol benefits fungus farming by ambrosia beetles
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
N2  - Animal-microbe mutualisms are typically maintained by vertical symbiont transmission or partner choice. A third mechanism, screening of high-quality symbionts, has been predicted in theory, but empirical examples are rare. Here we demonstrate that ambrosia beetles rely on ethanol within host trees for promoting gardens of their fungal symbiont and producing offspring. Ethanol has long been known as the main attractant for many of these fungus-farming beetles as they select host trees in which they excavate tunnels and cultivate fungal gardens. More than 300 attacks by Xylosandrus germanus and other species were triggered by baiting trees with ethanol lures, but none of the foundresses established fungal gardens or produced broods unless tree tissues contained in vivo ethanol resulting from irrigation with ethanol solutions. More X. germanus brood were also produced in a rearing substrate containing ethanol. These benefits are a result of increased food supply via the positive effects of ethanol on food-fungus biomass. Selected Ambrosiella and Raffaelea fungal isolates from ethanol-responsive ambrosia beetles profited directly and indirectly by (i) a higher biomass on medium containing ethanol, (ii) strong alcohol dehydrogenase enzymatic activity, and (iii) a competitive advantage over weedy fungal garden competitors (Aspergillus, Penicillium) that are inhibited by ethanol. As ambrosia fungi both detoxify and produce ethanol, they may maintain the selectivity of their alcohol-rich habitat for their own purpose and that of other ethanol-resistant/producing microbes. This resembles biological screening of beneficial symbionts and a potentially widespread, unstudied benefit of alcohol-producing symbionts (e.g., yeasts) in other microbial symbioses.
KW  - fungus-farming insects
KW  - plant-insect-microbe interactions
KW  - symbiosis
KW  - insect-fungus mutualism
KW  - host screening
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224953
VL  - 115
IS  - 17
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Albrecht, Franziska
A1  - Mueller, Karsten
A1  - Ballarini, Tommaso
A1  - Lampe, Leonie
A1  - Diehl-Schmid, Janine
A1  - Fassbender, Klaus
A1  - Fliessbach, Klaus
A1  - Jahn, Holger
A1  - Jech, Robert
A1  - Kassubek, Jan
A1  - Kornhuber, Johannes
A1  - Landwehrmeyer, Bernhard
A1  - Lauer, Martin
A1  - Ludolph, Albert C.
A1  - Lyros, Epameinondas
A1  - Prudlo, Johannes
A1  - Schneider, Anja
A1  - Synofzik, Matthis
A1  - Wiltfang, Jens
A1  - Danek, Adrian
A1  - Otto, Markus
A1  - Schroeter, Matthias L.
T1  - Unraveling corticobasal syndrome and alien limb syndrome with structural brain imaging
JF  - Cortex
N2  - Alien limb phenomenon is a rare syndrome associated with a feeling of non-belonging and disowning toward one's limb. In contrast, anarchic limb phenomenon leads to involuntary but goal-directed movements. Alien/anarchic limb phenomena are frequent in corticobasal syndrome (CBS), an atypical parkinsonian syndrome characterized by rigidity, akinesia, dystonia, cortical sensory deficit, and apraxia. The structure function relationship of alien/anarchic limb was investigated in multi centric structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Whole-group and single subject comparisons were made in 25 CBS and eight CBS-alien/anarchic limb patients versus controls. Support vector machine was used to see if CBS with and without alien/anarchic limb could be distinguished by structural MRI patterns. Whole-group comparison of CBS versus controls revealed asymmetric frontotemporal atrophy. CBS with alien/anarchic limb syndrome versus controls showed frontoparietal atrophy including the supplementary motor area contralateral to the side of the affected limb. Exploratory analysis identified frontotemporal regions encompassing the pre-/and postcentral gyrus as compromised in CBS with alien limb syndrome. Classification of CBS patients yielded accuracies of 79%. CBS-alien/anarchic limb syndrome was differentiated from CBS patients with an accuracy of 81%. Predictive differences were found in the cingulate gyrus spreading to frontomedian cortex, postcentral gyrus, and temporoparietoocipital regions. We present the first MRI-based group analysis on CBS-alien/anarchic limb. Results pave the way for individual clinical syndrome prediction and allow understanding the underlying neurocognitive architecture. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
KW  - Alien limb syndrome
KW  - Anarchic limb syndrome
KW  - Corticobasal syndrome
KW  - Diagnosis prediction
KW  - Support vector machine
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221040
VL  - 117
ER  -