TY  - JOUR
A1  - El-Helou, Sabine M.
A1  - Biegner, Anika-Kerstin
A1  - Bode, Sebastian
A1  - Ehl, Stephan R.
A1  - Heeg, Maximilian
A1  - Maccari, Maria E.
A1  - Ritterbusch, Henrike
A1  - Speckmann, Carsten
A1  - Rusch, Stephan
A1  - Scheible, Raphael
A1  - Warnatz, Klaus
A1  - Atschekzei, Faranaz
A1  - Beider, Renata
A1  - Ernst, Diana
A1  - Gerschmann, Stev
A1  - Jablonka, Alexandra
A1  - Mielke, Gudrun
A1  - Schmidt, Reinhold E.
A1  - Schürmann, Gesine
A1  - Sogkas, Georgios
A1  - Baumann, Ulrich H.
A1  - Klemann, Christian
A1  - Viemann, Dorothee
A1  - Bernuth, Horst von
A1  - Krüger, Renate
A1  - Hanitsch, Leif G.
A1  - Scheibenbogen, Carmen M.
A1  - Wittke, Kirsten
A1  - Albert, Michael H.
A1  - Eichinger, Anna
A1  - Hauck, Fabian
A1  - Klein, Christoph
A1  - Rack-Hoch, Anita
A1  - Sollinger, Franz M.
A1  - Avila, Anne
A1  - Borte, Michael
A1  - Borte, Stephan
A1  - Fasshauer, Maria
A1  - Hauenherm, Anja
A1  - Kellner, Nils
A1  - Müller, Anna H.
A1  - Ülzen, Anett
A1  - Bader, Peter
A1  - Bakhtiar, Shahrzad
A1  - Lee, Jae-Yun
A1  - Heß, Ursula
A1  - Schubert, Ralf
A1  - Wölke, Sandra
A1  - Zielen, Stefan
A1  - Ghosh, Sujal
A1  - Laws, Hans-Juergen
A1  - Neubert, Jennifer
A1  - Oommen, Prasad T.
A1  - Hönig, Manfred
A1  - Schulz, Ansgar
A1  - Steinmann, Sandra
A1  - Klaus, Schwarz
A1  - Dückers, Gregor
A1  - Lamers, Beate
A1  - Langemeyer, Vanessa
A1  - Niehues, Tim
A1  - Shai, Sonu
A1  - Graf, Dagmar
A1  - Müglich, Carmen
A1  - Schmalzing, Marc T.
A1  - Schwaneck, Eva C.
A1  - Tony, Hans-Peter
A1  - Dirks, Johannes
A1  - Haase, Gabriele
A1  - Liese, Johannes G.
A1  - Morbach, Henner
A1  - Foell, Dirk
A1  - Hellige, Antje
A1  - Wittkowski, Helmut
A1  - Masjosthusmann, Katja
A1  - Mohr, Michael
A1  - Geberzahn, Linda
A1  - Hedrich, Christian M.
A1  - Müller, Christiane
A1  - Rösen-Wolff, Angela
A1  - Roesler, Joachim
A1  - Zimmermann, Antje
A1  - Behrends, Uta
A1  - Rieber, Nikolaus
A1  - Schauer, Uwe
A1  - Handgretinger, Rupert
A1  - Holzer, Ursula
A1  - Henes, Jörg
A1  - Kanz, Lothar
A1  - Boesecke, Christoph
A1  - Rockstroh, Jürgen K.
A1  - Schwarze-Zander, Carolynne
A1  - Wasmuth, Jan-Christian
A1  - Dilloo, Dagmar
A1  - Hülsmann, Brigitte
A1  - Schönberger, Stefan
A1  - Schreiber, Stefan
A1  - Zeuner, Rainald
A1  - Ankermann, Tobias
A1  - Bismarck, Philipp von
A1  - Huppertz, Hans-Iko
A1  - Kaiser-Labusch, Petra
A1  - Greil, Johann
A1  - Jakoby, Donate
A1  - Kulozik, Andreas E.
A1  - Metzler, Markus
A1  - Naumann-Bartsch, Nora
A1  - Sobik, Bettina
A1  - Graf, Norbert
A1  - Heine, Sabine
A1  - Kobbe, Robin
A1  - Lehmberg, Kai
A1  - Müller, Ingo
A1  - Herrmann, Friedrich
A1  - Horneff, Gerd
A1  - Klein, Ariane
A1  - Peitz, Joachim
A1  - Schmidt, Nadine
A1  - Bielack, Stefan
A1  - Groß-Wieltsch, Ute
A1  - Classen, Carl F.
A1  - Klasen, Jessica
A1  - Deutz, Peter
A1  - Kamitz, Dirk
A1  - Lassy, Lisa
A1  - Tenbrock, Klaus
A1  - Wagner, Norbert
A1  - Bernbeck, Benedikt
A1  - Brummel, Bastian
A1  - Lara-Villacanas, Eusebia
A1  - Münstermann, Esther
A1  - Schneider, Dominik T.
A1  - Tietsch, Nadine
A1  - Westkemper, Marco
A1  - Weiß, Michael
A1  - Kramm, Christof
A1  - Kühnle, Ingrid
A1  - Kullmann, Silke
A1  - Girschick, Hermann
A1  - Specker, Christof
A1  - Vinnemeier-Laubenthal, Elisabeth
A1  - Haenicke, Henriette
A1  - Schulz, Claudia
A1  - Schweigerer, Lothar
A1  - Müller, Thomas G.
A1  - Stiefel, Martina
A1  - Belohradsky, Bernd H.
A1  - Soetedjo, Veronika
A1  - Kindle, Gerhard
A1  - Grimbacher, Bodo
T1  - The German national registry of primary immunodeficiencies (2012-2017)
JF  - Frontiers in Immunology
N2  - Introduction: The German PID-NET registry was founded in 2009, serving as the first national registry of patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Germany. It is part of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registry. The primary purpose of the registry is to gather data on the epidemiology, diagnostic delay, diagnosis, and treatment of PIDs. 

Methods: Clinical and laboratory data was collected from 2,453 patients from 36 German PID centres in an online registry. Data was analysed with the software Stata® and Excel. 

Results: The minimum prevalence of PID in Germany is 2.72 per 100,000 inhabitants. Among patients aged 1-25, there was a clear predominance of males. The median age of living patients ranged between 7 and 40 years, depending on the respective PID. Predominantly antibody disorders were the most prevalent group with 57% of all 2,453 PID patients (including 728 CVID patients). A gene defect was identified in 36% of patients. Familial cases were observed in 21% of patients. The age of onset for presenting symptoms ranged from birth to late adulthood (range 0-88 years). Presenting symptoms comprised infections (74%) and immune dysregulation (22%). Ninety-three patients were diagnosed without prior clinical symptoms. Regarding the general and clinical diagnostic delay, no PID had undergone a slight decrease within the last decade. However, both, SCID and hyper IgE-syndrome showed a substantial improvement in shortening the time between onset of symptoms and genetic diagnosis. Regarding treatment, 49% of all patients received immunoglobulin G (IgG) substitution (70%-subcutaneous; 29%-intravenous; 1%-unknown). Three-hundred patients underwent at least one hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Five patients had gene therapy. 

Conclusion: The German PID-NET registry is a precious tool for physicians, researchers, the pharmaceutical industry, politicians, and ultimately the patients, for whom the outcomes will eventually lead to a more timely diagnosis and better treatment.
KW  - registry for primary immunodeficiency
KW  - primary immunodeficiency (PID)
KW  - German PID-NET registry
KW  - PID prevalence
KW  - European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID)
KW  - IgG substitution therapy
KW  - CVID
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-226629
VL  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Greil, Sabine
T1  - Beeinflussung der Aktivität von NF-kappaB durch gram-negative Bakterien -  ein Beitrag zur Pathogenese der reaktiven Arthritis
T1  - Influence of gram-negative bacteria on activity of NF-kappaB in synovial fibroblasts - A step forward to the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis
N2  - Beeinflussung der Aktivität von NF-kappaB durch gram-negative Bakterien - ein Beitrag zur Pathogenese der reaktiven Arthritis Als Beitrag zur Pathogenese der reaktiven Arthritis wurde die Aktivierung von NF-kB durch gram-negative Bakterien untersucht. Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit war die Beobachtung, dass die Aktivität des Transkriptionsfaktors NF-kB in Synovialzellen nach Infektion stimuliert wird. Die Erkrankung steht im klinischen Zusammenhang mit einer Infektion durch gram-negative Darmbakterien und weiteren Erregern. TNF-a spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Erregerantwort der infizierten Zellen, in welchen erhöhte TNF-a-Titer gemessen wurden. Das bekannte Mitwirken von NF-kB in immunologischen Prozessen ließ vermuten, dass dieser Transkriptionsfaktor an der Pathogenese der reaktiven Arthritis beteiligt ist. Dies steht in engem Zusammenhang mit der Induktion von TNF-a, ein Zytokin, das gleichzeitig ein wichtiger Induktor von NF-kB darstellt. In unseren Experimenten wurde ein Unterschied zwischen apathogenen und pathogenen Keimen in der zeitlichen Aktivierung von NF-kB beobachtet. Die Vertreter pathogener Erreger waren Yersinia enterocolitica O.3 und Salmonella enteritidis. Diese induzierten NF-kB zwischen 4 und 6 Stunden post infectionem, im Unterschied zu dem apathogenen Bakterium Escherichia coli, das den Transkriptionsfaktor schon nach 1 - 2 Stunden induzierte. Als Folge dieser Differenz könnte die Immunantwort der Zelle zu unterschiedlichen Reaktionen in der Lage sein und die Erreger abtöten oder eine Persistenz zulassen. Zusätzlich wurde das Augenmerk auf die einzelnen Zellbestandteile oder –produkte gelenkt. Im Vergleich zu intakten Bakterien wurde die Wirkung des Überstandes und die von UV-inaktivierten Keimen untersucht. Die Induktionsstärke war bei unbehandelten Erregern am größten und fiel dann bei UV-inaktivierten Bakterien deutlich ab. Ein weiteres Abfallen der Aktivierung war bei der Infektion mit dem bloßen Überstand zu verzeichnen. Mit diesen Ergebnissen wurde deutlich, dass NF-kB bei der Etablierung der reaktiven Arthritis eine Rolle spielen könnte. Noch bleibt offen, in welcher Art der Transkriptionsfaktor in die intrazellulären Prozesse eingreift und welche medikamentösen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten sich daraus ergeben könnten.
N2  - Influence of gram-negative bacteria on activity of NF-kappaB in synovial fibroblasts - A step forward to the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis The pathogenesis of reactive arthritis has been discussed controversially. Reactive arthritis following gastrointestinal or urogenital tract infection with yersiniae, salmonellae, shigellae, campylobacter or chlamydiae has been regarded as a human model of spondylarthropathies. Several cytokines including TNF-a are crucial for bacterial elimination of infected cells. It has been shown that infection of synovial fibroblasts with yersiniae leads to expression of TNF-a. TNF-a is closely connected with the induction of NF-kB because it is one of the most important inducers of NF-kB. The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkB) plays a crucial role in the expression of multiple genes involved in inflammatory responses, including TNF-a. Using an in vitro model, synovial fibroblasts were infected with different bacteria and activation of NF-kB was analysed. We looked for a difference of temporal activity of NF-kB between reactive arthritis inducing and non-inducing pathogens. Yersinia enterocolitica O.3 and Salmonella enteritidis are reactive arthritis inducing bacteria. These pathogens induce NF-kB between 4 and 6 hours after infection. In contrast, Escherichia coli that does not lead to reactive arthritis, activation of NF-kB was found 1 and 2 hours after infection. These results suggest, that the early immunological answer might lead to complete bacterial elimination whereas delayed response to infection can induce bacterial persistence, be able to kill the bacteria or let them persist. We were further interested in the question, if living and whole bacterial are necessary for activation of NF-kB or if also dead bacteria or bacterial components can lead to induction of NF-kB. Therefore, we investigated the effect on NF-kB activation in synovial fibroblasts after stimulation with bacteria, that were inactivated by UV-light irradiation and bacterial supernatant. Activation of NF-kB was highest after stimulation with native bacteria, but also seen after stimulation with UV-light-irradiated bacteria. The activity of NF-kB was weakest after stimulation with bacterial supernatant. These results suggest, that NFkB may play a role in the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis. It is still unknown how the transcription factor NF-kB is involved in the development of reactive arthritis. Moreover, knowing more about the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis might show us new aims for therapeutic interventions.
KW  - Reaktive Arthritis
KW  - NF-kappaB
KW  - Zytokine
KW  - Yersinia enterocolitica
KW  - reactive arthritis
KW  - NF-kappaB
KW  - cytokines
KW  - yersinia enterocolitica
Y1  - 2002
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-4486
ER  -