TY  - JOUR
A1  - El Hajj, Nady
A1  - Dittrich, Marcus
A1  - Böck, Julia
A1  - Kraus, Theo F. J.
A1  - Nanda, Indrajit
A1  - Müller, Tobias
A1  - Seidmann, Larissa
A1  - Tralau, Tim
A1  - Galetzka, Danuta
A1  - Schneider, Eberhard
A1  - Haaf, Thomas
T1  - Epigenetic dysregulation in the developing Down syndrome cortex
JF  - Epigenetics
N2  - Using Illumina 450K arrays, 1.85% of all analyzed CpG sites were significantly hypermethylated and 0.31% hypomethylated in fetal Down syndrome (DS) cortex throughout the genome. The methylation changes on chromosome 21 appeared to be balanced between hypo- and hyper-methylation, whereas, consistent with prior reports, all other chromosomes showed 3-11times more hyper- than hypo-methylated sites. Reduced NRSF/REST expression due to upregulation of DYRK1A (on chromosome 21q22.13) and methylation of REST binding sites during early developmental stages may contribute to this genome-wide excess of hypermethylated sites. Upregulation of DNMT3L (on chromosome 21q22.4) could lead to de novo methylation in neuroprogenitors, which then persists in the fetal DS brain where DNMT3A and DNMT3B become downregulated. The vast majority of differentially methylated promoters and genes was hypermethylated in DS and located outside chromosome 21, including the protocadherin gamma (PCDHG) cluster on chromosome 5q31, which is crucial for neural circuit formation in the developing brain. Bisulfite pyrosequencing and targeted RNA sequencing showed that several genes of PCDHG subfamilies A and B are hypermethylated and transcriptionally downregulated in fetal DS cortex. Decreased PCDHG expression is expected to reduce dendrite arborization and growth in cortical neurons. Since constitutive hypermethylation of PCDHG and other genes affects multiple tissues, including blood, it may provide useful biomarkers for DS brain development and pharmacologic targets for therapeutic interventions.
KW  - trisomy 21
KW  - DNA methylation
KW  - Down syndrome
KW  - fetal brain development
KW  - frontal cortex
KW  - protocadherin gamma cluster
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-191239
VL  - 11
IS  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider, Eberhard
A1  - Dittrich, Marcus
A1  - Böck, Julia
A1  - Nanda, Indrajit
A1  - Müller, Tobias
A1  - Seidmann, Larissa
A1  - Tralau, Tim
A1  - Galetzka, Danuta
A1  - El Hajj, Nady
A1  - Haaf, Thomas
T1  - CpG sites with continuously increasing or decreasing methylation from early to late human fetal brain development
JF  - Gene
N2  - Normal human brain development is dependent on highly dynamic epigenetic processes for spatial and temporal gene regulation. Recent work identified wide-spread changes in DNA methylation during fetal brain development. We profiled CpG methylation in frontal cortex of 27 fetuses from gestational weeks 12-42, using Illumina 450K methylation arrays. Sites showing genome-wide significant correlation with gestational age were compared to a publicly available data set from gestational weeks 3-26. Altogether, we identified 2016 matching developmentally regulated differentially methylated positions (m-dDMPs): 1767 m-dDMPs were hypermethylated and 1149 hypomethylated during fetal development. M-dDMPs are underrepresented in CpG islands and gene promoters, and enriched in gene bodies. They appear to cluster in certain chromosome regions. M-dDMPs are significantly enriched in autism-associated genes and CpGs. Our results promote the idea that reduced methylation dynamics during fetal brain development may predispose to autism. In addition, m-dDMPs are enriched in genes with human-specific brain expression patterns and/or histone modifications. Collectively, we defined a subset of dDMPs exhibiting constant methylation changes from early to late pregnancy. The same epigenetic mechanisms involving methylation changes in cis-regulatory regions may have been adopted for human brain evolution and ontogeny.
KW  - Autism spectrum disorders
KW  - DNA methylation
KW  - Genome
KW  - Autism
KW  - Frontal cortex
KW  - Human prefrontal cortex
KW  - Gene-expression
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - Patterns
KW  - Transcription
KW  - Epigenetics
KW  - Environment
KW  - Fetal brain development
KW  - DNA methylation dynamics
KW  - Methylome
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-186936
VL  - 592
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stennett, Tom E.
A1  - Jayaraman, Arumugam
A1  - Brückner, Tobias
A1  - Schneider, Lea
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Hydrophosphination of boron–boron multiple bonds
JF  - Chemical Science
N2  - Five compounds containing boron–boron multiple bonds are shown to undergo hydrophosphination reactions with diphenylphosphine in the absence of a catalyst. With diborenes, the products obtained are highly dependent on the substitution pattern at the boron atoms, with both 1,1- and 1,2- hydrophosphinations observed. With a symmetrical diboryne, 1,2-hydrophosphination yields a hydro(phosphino)diborene. The different mechanistic pathways for the hydrophosphination of diborenes are rationalised with the aid of density functional theory calculations.
KW  - boron
KW  - diborenes
KW  - diborynes
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-240681
VL  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Betz, Boris
A1  - Schneider, Reinhard
A1  - Kress, Tobias
A1  - Schick, Martin Alexander
A1  - Wanner, Christoph
A1  - Sauvant, Christoph
T1  - Rosiglitazone Affects Nitric Oxide Synthases and Improves Renal Outcome in a Rat Model of Severe Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
JF  - PPAR Research
N2  - Background. Nitric oxide (NO)-signal transduction plays an important role in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. NO produced by endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS) has protective functions whereas NO from inducible NO-synthase (iNOS) induces impairment. Rosiglitazone (RGZ), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist exerted beneficial effects after renal I/R injury, so we investigated whether this might be causally linked with NOS imbalance. Methods. RGZ (5 mg/kg) was administered i.p. to SD-rats (f) subjected to bilateral renal ischemia (60 min). Following 24 h of reperfusion, inulin-and PAH-clearance as well as PAH-net secretion were determined. Morphological alterations were graded by histopathological scoring. Plasma NOx-production was measured. eNOS and iNOS expression was analyzed by qPCR. Cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) was determined as an apoptosis indicator and ED1 as a marker of macrophage infiltration in renal tissue. Results. RGZ improves renal function after renal I/R injury (PAH-/inulin-clearance, PAH-net secretion) and reduces histomorphological injury. Additionally, RGZ reduces NOx plasma levels, ED-1 positive cell infiltration and CC3 expression. iNOS-mRNA is reduced whereas eNOS-mRNA is increased by RGZ. Conclusion. RGZ has protective properties after severe renal I/R injury. Alterations of the NO pathway regarding eNOS and iNOS could be an explanation of the underlying mechanism of RGZ protection in renal I/R injury.
KW  - dysfunction
KW  - activated-receptor gamma
KW  - ischemia-reperfusion injury
KW  - failure
KW  - kidney
KW  - agnoists
KW  - mices
KW  - inos
KW  - pathophysiology
KW  - pioglitazone
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130872
VL  - 2012
IS  - Article ID 219319
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kneissl, Sabrina
A1  - Abel, Tobias
A1  - Rasbach, Anke
A1  - Brynza, Julia
A1  - Schneider-Schaulies, Jürgen
A1  - Buchholz, Christian J.
T1  - Measles Virus Glycoprotein-Based Lentiviral Targeting Vectors That Avoid Neutralizing Antibodies
JF  - PLoS One
N2  - Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are potent gene transfer vehicles frequently applied in research and recently also in clinical trials. Retargeting LV entry to cell types of interest is a key issue to improve gene transfer safety and efficacy. Recently, we have developed a targeting method for LVs by incorporating engineered measles virus (MV) glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin (H), responsible for receptor recognition, and the fusion protein into their envelope. The H protein displays a single-chain antibody (scFv) specific for the target receptor and is ablated for recognition of the MV receptors CD46 and SLAM by point mutations in its ectodomain. A potential hindrance to systemic administration in humans is pre-existing MV-specific immunity due to vaccination or natural infection. We compared transduction of targeting vectors and non-targeting vectors pseudotyped with MV glycoproteins unmodified in their ectodomains (MV-LV) in presence of \(\alpha\)-MV antibody-positive human plasma. At plasma dilution 1: 160 MV-LV was almost completely neutralized, whereas targeting vectors showed relative transduction efficiencies from 60% to 90%. Furthermore, at plasma dilution 1: 80 an at least 4-times higher multiplicity of infection (MOI) of MV-LV had to be applied to obtain similar transduction efficiencies as with targeting vectors. Also when the vectors were normalized to their p24 values, targeting vectors showed partial protection against \(\alpha\)-MV antibodies in human plasma. Furthermore, the monoclonal neutralizing antibody K71 with a putative epitope close to the receptor binding sites of H, did not neutralize the targeting vectors, but did neutralize MV-LV. The observed escape from neutralization may be due to the point mutations in the H ectodomain that might have destroyed antibody binding sites. Furthermore, scFv mediated cell entry via the target receptor may proceed in presence of a-MV antibodies interfering with entry via the natural MV receptors. These results are promising for in vivo applications of targeting vectors in humans.
KW  - vivo
KW  - gene delivery
KW  - hemagglutinin
KW  - cells
KW  - neurovirulence
KW  - encephalitis
KW  - transduction
KW  - domain
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134993
VL  - 7
IS  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rau, Markus
A1  - Heindel, Tobias
A1  - Unsleber, Sebastian
A1  - Braun, Tristan
A1  - Fischer, Julian
A1  - Frick, Stefan
A1  - Nauerth, Sebastian
A1  - Schneider, Christian
A1  - Vest, Gwenaelle
A1  - Reitzenstein, Stephan
A1  - Kamp, Martin
A1  - Forchel, Alfred
A1  - Höfling, Sven
A1  - Weinfurter, Harald
T1  - Free space quantum key distribution over 500 meters using electrically driven quantum dot single-photon sources-a proof of principle experiment
JF  - New Journal of Physics
N2  - Highly efficient single-photon sources (SPS) can increase the secure key rate of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems compared to conventional attenuated laser systems. Here we report on a free space QKD test using an electrically driven quantum dot single-photon source (QD SPS) that does not require a separate laser setup for optical pumping and thus allows for a simple and compact SPS QKD system. We describe its implementation in our 500 m free space QKD system in downtown Munich. Emulating a BB84 protocol operating at a repetition rate of 125 MHz, we could achieve sifted key rates of 5-17 kHz with error ratios of 6-9% and g((2))(0)-values of 0.39-0.76.
KW  - QKD
KW  - electrically driven
KW  - free space
KW  - quantum dots
KW  - quantum key distribution
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-116760
VL  - 16
IS  - 043003
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Schneider, Tobias
T1  - Fragmentbefestigung bei Kronenfrakturen - Eine In-vitro Untersuchung zur Verbundfestigkeit verschiedener Dentinadhäsivsysteme -
T1  - Repairing crown fractures by fragment reattachment: an in-vitro study using different bonding agents
N2  - Unkomplizierte Kronenfrakturen gehören zu den häufigsten Verletzungen der Zahnhartsubstanz. Um eine schnelle Behandlung des Patienten zu gewährleisten, wird das Zahnfragment oftmals mit Dentinadhäsiven wiederbefestigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersuchte, ob die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Dentinadhäsive die Bruchfestigkeit des geklebten Zahnes beeinflusst und ob die zusätzliche Verwendung eines fließfähigen Komposits hierbei von Vorteil ist. Des Weiteren wurde geprüft, ob es einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Größe der Bruchfläche und der Frakturfestigkeit der Zähne gibt. Für die Untersuchungen wurden extrahierte Zähne mit einer Universalprüfmaschine gebrochen, die Bruchfläche vermessen, das Bruchfragment adhäsiv wiederbefestigt und erneut gebrochen und vermessen. Die Frakturfestigkeit aus zweitem und ersten Bruch wurden in ein prozentuales Verhältnis gestellt. Es wurden vier verschiedene Adhäsivsysteme (OptiBond® FL, Syntac®, Adhese ®, Adper ®Prompt®L-Pop®) verwendet. Ein Adhäsivsystem wurde zusätzlich noch in Verbindung mit einem fließfähigen Komposit eingesetzt (OptiBondFL® + Tetric Flow®). Die statistische Auswertung der Bruchversuche ergab deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den verwendeten Adhäsivsystemen. Verglichen mit der Bruchfestigkeit gesunder Zähne erreichten mit OptiBond® FL geklebte Zähne bei einem Medianwert von 41% die höchste Bruchfestigkeit. Zwischen den Systemen Adhese® (23%) und Syntac® (19%) konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied gefunden werden. Adper®Prompt®L-Pop®, erreichte mit einem Medianwert von 8% den geringsten Wert. Die zusätzliche Verwendung von fließfähigem Komposit (OptiBond® FL+ Tetric Flow®) ergab keine signifikante Verbesserung der Bruchfestigkeit gegenüber der alleinigen Verwendung von OptiBond® FL. In allen Versuchsgruppen zeigte sich, dass die Größe der Bruchfläche keinen Einfluss auf die Frakturfestigkeit hat.
N2  - Simple crown fractures are among the most frequent tooth injuries. For the early treatment of patients, tooth fractures are often repaired by reattaching the fragment using bonding agents. This thesis studied the breaking strength of bonded teeth by using different bonding agents for repair. It also examined potential advantages by the additional usage of flowable composite resin. Finally the thesis searched for a possible relationship between the size of the broken surface and the breaking strength of the bonded tooth. The study used a dynamometer for breaking extracted teeth. The breaking force as well as the broken surface got measured. After bonding, the teeth got broken again and measurements were repeated. The study used four different bonding agents (OptiBond® FL, Syntac®, Adhese ®, Adper ®Prompt®L-Pop®). One of the bonding agents was additionally applied using flowable composite resin (OptiBondFL® + Tetric Flow®). The statistical evaluation of the breaking test results showed clear differences for the bonding agents under consideration. Compared to the breaking strength of the extracted teeth, the ones repaired with OptiBond® FL had the highest median value (41%). Adhese® (23%) and Syntac® (19%) did not differ significantly. The lowest median (8%) was achieved using Adper®Prompt®L-Pop®. The addition of a flowable composite resin (OptiBond® FL+ Tetric Flow®) did not show a significant improvement of the breaking strength compared to pure OptiBond® FL. The tests proved that the breaking strength is independent of the size of the broken surface.
KW  - Kronenfrakturen
KW  - Fragmentbefestigung
KW  - Bruchfestigkeit
KW  - Dentinadhäsivsysteme
KW  - Bruchfläche
KW  - crown fracture
KW  - fragment reattachment
KW  - fracture strength
KW  - Bonding Agent
KW  - fracture area
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-22077
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aeschlimann, Martin
A1  - Bauer, Michael
A1  - Bayer, Daniela
A1  - Brixner, Tobias
A1  - Cunovic, Stefan
A1  - Fischer, Alexander
A1  - Melchior, Pascal
A1  - Pfeiffer, Walter
A1  - Rohmer, Martin
A1  - Schneider, Christian
A1  - Strüber, Christian
A1  - Tuchscherer, Philip
A1  - Voronine, Dimitri V.
T1  - Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures
N2  - Optimal open-loop control, i.e. the application of an analytically derived control rule, is demonstrated for nanooptical excitations using polarization-shaped laser pulses. Optimal spatial near-field localization in gold nanoprisms and excitation switching is realized by applying a shift to the relative phase of the two polarization components. The achieved near-field switching confirms theoretical predictions, proves the applicability of predefined control rules in nanooptical light–matter interaction and reveals local mode interference to be an important control mechanism.
KW  - Chemie
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75256
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rayner, Christopher
A1  - Coleman, Jonathan R. I.
A1  - Purves, Kirstin L.
A1  - Hodsoll, John
A1  - Goldsmith, Kimberley
A1  - Alpers, Georg W.
A1  - Andersson, Evelyn
A1  - Arolt, Volker
A1  - Boberg, Julia
A1  - Bögels, Susan
A1  - Creswell, Cathy
A1  - Cooper, Peter
A1  - Curtis, Charles
A1  - Deckert, Jürgen
A1  - Domschke, Katharina
A1  - El Alaoui, Samir
A1  - Fehm, Lydia
A1  - Fydrich, Thomas
A1  - Gerlach, Alexander L.
A1  - Grocholewski, Anja
A1  - Hahlweg, Kurt
A1  - Hamm, Alfons
A1  - Hedman, Erik
A1  - Heiervang, Einar R.
A1  - Hudson, Jennifer L.
A1  - Jöhren, Peter
A1  - Keers, Robert
A1  - Kircher, Tilo
A1  - Lang, Thomas
A1  - Lavebratt, Catharina
A1  - Lee, Sang-hyuck
A1  - Lester, Kathryn J.
A1  - Lindefors, Nils
A1  - Margraf, Jürgen
A1  - Nauta, Maaike
A1  - Pané-Farré, Christiane A.
A1  - Pauli, Paul
A1  - Rapee, Ronald M.
A1  - Reif, Andreas
A1  - Rief, Winfried
A1  - Roberts, Susanna
A1  - Schalling, Martin
A1  - Schneider, Silvia
A1  - Silverman, Wendy K.
A1  - Ströhle, Andreas
A1  - Teismann, Tobias
A1  - Thastum, Mikael
A1  - Wannemüller, Andre
A1  - Weber, Heike
A1  - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1  - Wolf, Christiane
A1  - Rück, Christian
A1  - Breen, Gerome
A1  - Eley, Thalia C.
T1  - A genome-wide association meta-analysis of prognostic outcomes following cognitive behavioural therapy in individuals with anxiety and depressive disorders
JF  - Translational Psychiatry
N2  - Major depressive disorder and the anxiety disorders are highly prevalent, disabling and moderately heritable. Depression and anxiety are also highly comorbid and have a strong genetic correlation (r(g) approximate to 1). Cognitive behavioural therapy is a leading evidence-based treatment but has variable outcomes. Currently, there are no strong predictors of outcome. Therapygenetics research aims to identify genetic predictors of prognosis following therapy. We performed genome-wide association meta-analyses of symptoms following cognitive behavioural therapy in adults with anxiety disorders (n = 972), adults with major depressive disorder (n = 832) and children with anxiety disorders (n = 920; meta-analysis n = 2724). We (h(SNP)(2)) and polygenic scoring was used to examine genetic associations between therapy outcomes and psychopathology, personality and estimated the variance in therapy outcomes that could be explained by common genetic variants learning. No single nucleotide polymorphisms were strongly associated with treatment outcomes. No significant estimate of h(SNP)(2) could be obtained, suggesting the heritability of therapy outcome is smaller than our analysis was powered to detect. Polygenic scoring failed to detect genetic overlap between therapy outcome and psychopathology, personality or learning. This study is the largest therapygenetics study to date. Results are consistent with previous, similarly powered genome-wide association studies of complex traits.
KW  - Human behaviour
KW  - Personalized medicine
KW  - Prognostic markers
KW  - Psychiatric disorders
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225048
VL  - 9
IS  - 150
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Li, Donghai
A1  - Shan, Hangyong
A1  - Rupprecht, Christoph
A1  - Knopf, Heiko
A1  - Watanabe, Kenji
A1  - Taniguchi, Takashi
A1  - Qin, Ying
A1  - Tongay, Sefaattin
A1  - Nuß, Matthias
A1  - Schröder, Sven
A1  - Eilenberger, Falk
A1  - Höfling, Sven
A1  - Schneider, Christian
A1  - Brixner, Tobias
T1  - Hybridized exciton-photon-phonon states in a transition-metal-dichalcogenide van-der-Waals heterostructure microcavity
JF  - Physical Review Letters
N2  - Excitons in atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been established as an attractive platform to explore polaritonic physics, owing to their enormous binding energies and giant oscillator strength. Basic spectral features of exciton polaritons in TMD microcavities, thus far, were conventionally explained via two-coupled-oscillator models. This ignores, however, the impact of phonons on the polariton energy structure. Here we establish and quantify the threefold coupling between excitons, cavity photons, and phonons. For this purpose, we employ energy-momentum-resolved photoluminescence and spatially resolved coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy to investigate the spectral properties of a high-quality-factor microcavity with an embedded WSe\(_2\) van-der-Waals heterostructure at room temperature. Our approach reveals a rich multi-branch structure which thus far has not been captured in previous experiments. Simulation of the data reveals hybridized exciton-photon-phonon states, providing new physical insight into the exciton polariton system based on layered TMDs.
KW  - strong coupling
KW  - laser spectroscopy
KW  - transition metal dichalcogenide
KW  - coherent multidimensional spectroscopy
KW  - exciton
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-351303
UR  - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.087401
SN  - 1079-7114
ET  - accepted version
ER  -