TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hein, Rebecca M.
A1  - Latoschik, Marc Erich
A1  - Wienrich, Carolin
T1  - Inter- and transcultural learning in cocial virtual reality: a proposal for an inter- and transcultural virtual object database to be used in the implementation, reflection, and evaluation of virtual encounters
JF  - Multimodal Technologies and Interaction
N2  - Visual stimuli are frequently used to improve memory, language learning or perception, and understanding of metacognitive processes. However, in virtual reality (VR), there are few systematically and empirically derived databases. This paper proposes the first collection of virtual objects based on empirical evaluation for inter-and transcultural encounters between English- and German-speaking learners. We used explicit and implicit measurement methods to identify cultural associations and the degree of stereotypical perception for each virtual stimuli (n = 293) through two online studies, including native German and English-speaking participants. The analysis resulted in a final well-describable database of 128 objects (called InteractionSuitcase). In future applications, the objects can be used as a great interaction or conversation asset and behavioral measurement tool in social VR applications, especially in the field of foreign language education. For example, encounters can use the objects to describe their culture, or teachers can intuitively assess stereotyped attitudes of the encounters.
KW  - virtual stimuli
KW  - implicit association test
KW  - virtual reality
KW  - social VR
KW  - InteractionSuitcase
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-278974
SN  - 2414-4088
VL  - 6
IS  - 7
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Latoschik, Marc Erich
A1  - Wienrich, Carolin
T1  - Congruence and plausibility, not presence: pivotal conditions for XR experiences and effects, a novel approach
JF  - Frontiers in Virtual Reality
N2  - Presence is often considered the most important quale describing the subjective feeling of being in a computer-generated and/or computer-mediated virtual environment. The identification and separation of orthogonal presence components, i.e., the place illusion and the plausibility illusion, has been an accepted theoretical model describing Virtual Reality (VR) experiences for some time. This perspective article challenges this presence-oriented VR theory. First, we argue that a place illusion cannot be the major construct to describe the much wider scope of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality (VR, AR, MR: or XR for short). Second, we argue that there is no plausibility illusion but merely plausibility, and we derive the place illusion caused by the congruent and plausible generation of spatial cues and similarly for all the current model’s so-defined illusions. Finally, we propose congruence and plausibility to become the central essential conditions in a novel theoretical model describing XR experiences and effects.
KW  - XR
KW  - experience
KW  - presence
KW  - congruence
KW  - plausibility
KW  - coherence
KW  - theory
KW  - prediction
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284787
SN  - 2673-4192
VL  - 3
ER  -