TY - THES A1 - Wellner, Mirjam T1 - T-Zell-Charakterisierung im peripheren Blut bei Kindern mit chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen T1 - Peripheral Blood T Cell Characterization in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease N2 - Die Inzidenz von chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED), insbesondere von Morbus Crohn (MC), nimmt weltweit zu, was auch eine Vielzahl an Kindern betrifft. Obwohl die Krankheit in den letzten Jahrzehnten Gegenstand zahlreicher Forschungsarbeiten war, ist die Pathogenese nicht abschließend geklärt. Diese Arbeit vergleicht T-Zellen gesunder pädiatrischer Probanden mit T-Zellen pädiatrischer CED Patienten mittels Flowcytometrie unter Berücksichtigung von Differenzierungsstadium, Krankheitsaktivität, Therapie und CMV-Status. Die Verteilung der T-Zell-Subpopulationen zeigt keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen Patienten und Kontrollen, jedoch zeigen sich für TH1 und TH17 Zellen Unterschiede zwischen MC Patienten und Kontrollen, welche auch mit Krankheitsaktivität und Therapie korrelieren. Der Anteil von CXCR3+ Zellen ist innerhalb der CD4+ Memory-Populationen und innerhalb der CD8+ Memory- und Effektor-Populationen bei MC Patienten – vor allem mit aktiver Erkrankung bzw. ohne Therapie – deutlich geringer als bei Kontrollen. Gleichzeitig zeigt sich der Anteil an CCR6+ Zellen sowie der Anteil an IL 17+CCR6+ Zellen bei MC Patienten in Remission sowie unter Therapie mit TNFα-Blockern höher als bei Kontrollen. Zudem sind die Effektor-Zell-Gleichgewichte bei MC zugunsten von TH17 Zellen verschoben. Somit unterstützt die Arbeit die weitverbreitete Hypothese einer gesteigerten TH17-Antwort bei MC. Auch zeigt sich eine Verminderung der TH1-Zellen im peripheren Blut bei aktiv erkrankten MC Patienten im Vergleich zu Kontrollen, was sich möglicherweise durch eine Abwanderung oder Umwandlung dieser Zellen bei aktivem MC erklären lässt. Desweiteren zeigt sich, dass CED Patienten eine verstärkte Neigung zur vorzeitigen Immunoseneszenz aufzuweisen scheinen, was durch eine latente CMV-Infektion nochmals verstärkt erscheint. Einige CMV-assoziierte Veränderungen der T-Zell-Differenzierung, wie z.B. die CD45RA-Reexpression sowie die TNFα- und IFNγ-Mehrexpression, zeigen sich bei CMV+ CED Patienten zudem ausgeprägter als bei CMV+ Kontrollen. Interessant ist daher, dass CMV+ Probanden und CED Patienten Veränderungen aufweisen, die sich teilweise zu addieren scheinen. N2 - There is a globally increasing incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), especially of Crohn’s disease, which can also be seen in children. Despite the disease being studied intensively over the recent decades, the pathogenesis is not yet completely understood. This study compares t cells isolated from pediatric IBD patients with those of healthy donors using flow cytometry and taking into account cell differentiation status, disease activity, current therapeutic regime and the donor’s CMV status. T cell subsets show no significant distributional differences between patients and controls. However, TH1 and TH17 cells show differences between patients with Crohn’s disease and controls, which correlate with disease activity and therapy. The proportion of CXCR3+ cells is reduced within CD4+ memory subsets and CD8+ memory and effector subsets, especially in patients with active disease or without therapy. At the same time CCR6+ and IL-17+CCR6+ subsets are increased in patients with Crohn’s disease in remission or under therapy compared to controls. Furthermore, effector cell balances are shifted towards TH17 cells in patients with Crohn’s disease, supporting the widespread hypothesis of an increased TH17 response in Crohn’s disease. Additionally, TH1 cells are diminished in peripheral blood of patients with active Crohn’s disease compared to controls, possibly suggesting a migration of these cells into tissue or a differentiation into other subsets. As an additional finding, IBD patients exhibited an increased tendency for premature immunosenscence, which was even more distinct in patients with latent CMV infection. Some changes in t cell differentiation commonly attributed to CMV infection, like reexpression of CD45RA and increased expression of TNFα and IFNγ, are more pronounced in CMV positive IBD patients, than in CMV positive healthy donors. Interestingly, the combination of IBD with CMV infection partially add up to more pronounces changes in CD4+ t cells and especially in CD8+ t cells. KW - Chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankung KW - Morbus Crohn KW - T-Lymphozyt KW - Colitis ulcerosa KW - T-Zelle KW - Immunoseneszenz KW - Cytomegalievirus Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-192424 ER - TY - THES A1 - Streng, Katja T1 - Erfassung der körperlichen Aktivität mittels Accelerometrie und Pedometrie T1 - Assessment of physical activity using accelerometers and pedometers N2 - Accelerometrie und Pedometrie sind objektive Verfahren zur Erfassung körperlicher Aktivität, wobei die Accelerometrie die Intensität körperlicher Bewegung durch Messung der Beschleunigung zeitlich hochaufgelöst misst, während bei der Pedometrie die Zahl der Schritte, typischerweise über einen ganzen Tag, erfasst wird. Ziel dieser Studie war es, das Pedometer-Modell Omron HJ-322 und zwei Accelerometer-Modelle der Marke ActiGraph (Modell GT1M und dessen Nachfolger GT3X+) hinsichtlich ihrer Beschreibung von Aktivität unter Alltagsbedingungen miteinander zu vergleichen. Dies erfolgte durch das parallele Tragen der jeweiligen Geräte über 7 Tage durch 40 gesunden Probanden sowie 15 Mukoviszidose-Patienten, bei welchen die Aktivitätsmessung im Rahmen der Studie ACTIVATE-CF (internationale Multicenterstudie zur Untersuchung der Auswirkung körperlicher Aktivität auf den Krankheitsverlauf bei Mukoviszidose) durchgeführt wurde. Während eine Vergleichbarkeit zwischen beiden Accelerometer-Modellen gegeben ist, zeigten sich deutliche Unterschiede in der Schrittzählung zwischen Accelerometer und Pedometer. Starke Zusammenhänge zwischen der mittels Schrittzähler gemessenen Schrittzahl und verschiedenen Aktivitäts-Indikatoren der Accelerometer konnten nachgewiesen werden. N2 - Wearable devices like accelerometers and pedometers provide an objective way to assess physical activity. Accelerometers provide detailed information on physical activity like duration, frequency and intensity, whereas pedometers measure daily step-count. The objective of this study was to analyze the comparability of one pedometer (Omron HJ-322) and two accelerometers (ActiGraph GT1M and its successor ActiGraph GT3X+), regarding the description of physical activity under free-living-conditions. 40 healthy participants wore these devices simultaneously for 7 days. Also activity-data was available from 15 patients with cystic fibrosis, who took part in the international multicenter study ACTIVATE-CF, a randomized controlled study that examines the effects of a partially supervised physical trainings on the lung functions of the patients. While there is a good comparability between both accelerometer-models, we saw a large difference between accelerometer- and pedometer-counted steps. Good correlations were obtained between the number of pedometer-steps and different accelerometer-measures. KW - Körperliche Aktivität KW - Beschleunigungssensor KW - Schrittzähler KW - Mukoviszidose KW - Accelerometer KW - Pedometer Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-185428 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Streng, Andrea A1 - Goettler, David A1 - Haerlein, Miriam A1 - Lehmann, Lisa A1 - Ulrich, Kristina A1 - Prifert, Christiane A1 - Krempl, Christine A1 - Weißbrich, Benedikt A1 - Liese, Johannes G. T1 - Spread and clinical severity of respiratory syncytial virus A genotype ON1 in Germany, 2011–2017 JF - BMC Infectious Diseases N2 - Background The Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) A genotype ON1, which was first detected in Ontario (Canada) in 2010/11, appeared in Germany in 2011/12. Preliminary observations suggested a higher clinical severity in children infected with this new genotype. We investigated spread and disease severity of RSV-A ON1 in pediatric in- and outpatient settings. Methods During 2010/11 to 2016/17, clinical characteristics and respiratory samples from children with acute respiratory tract infections (RTI) were obtained from ongoing surveillance studies in 33 pediatric practices (PP), one pediatric hospital ward (PW) and 23 pediatric intensive care units (PICU) in Germany. RSV was detected in the respiratory samples by PCR; genotypes were identified by sequencing. Within each setting, clinical severity markers were compared between RSV-A ON1 and RSV-A non-ON1 genotypes. Results A total of 603 children with RSV-RTI were included (132 children in PP, 288 in PW, and 183 in PICU). Of these children, 341 (56.6%) were infected with RSV-A, 235 (39.0%) with RSV-B, and one child (0.2%) with both RSV-A and RSV-B; in 26 (4.3%) children, the subtype could not be identified. In the 341 RSV-A positive samples, genotype ON1 was detected in 247 (72.4%), NA1 in 92 (26.9%), and GA5 in 2 children (0.6%). RSV-A ON1, rarely observed in 2011/12, was the predominant RSV-A genotype in all settings by 2012/13 and remained predominant until 2016/17. Children in PP or PW infected with RSV-A ON1 did not show a more severe clinical course of disease compared with RSV-A non-ON1 infections. In the PICU group, hospital stay was one day longer (median 8 days, inter-quartile range (IQR) 7–12 vs. 7 days, IQR 5–9; p = 0.02) and duration of oxygen treatment two days longer (median 6 days, IQR 4–9 vs. 4 days, IQR 2–6; p = 0.03) for children infected with RSV-A ON1. Conclusions In children, RSV-A ON1 largely replaced RSV-A non-ON1 genotypes within two seasons and remained the predominant RSV-A genotype in Germany during subsequent seasons. A higher clinical severity of RSV-A ON1 was observed within the group of children receiving PICU treatment, whereas in other settings clinical severity of RSV-A ON1 and non-ON1 genotypes was largely similar. KW - Children KW - Respiratory tract infection KW - RSV-A ON1 KW - Epidemiology KW - Disease severity Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201516 VL - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silwedel, Christine A1 - Speer, Christian P. A1 - Haarmann, Axel A1 - Fehrholz, Markus A1 - Claus, Heike A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Glaser, Kirsten T1 - Ureaplasma species modulate cytokine and chemokine responses in human brain microvascular endothelial cells JF - International Journal of Molecular Science N2 - Ureaplasma species are common colonizers of the adult genitourinary tract and often considered as low-virulence commensals. Intraamniotic Ureaplasma infections, however, facilitate chorioamnionitis and preterm birth, and cases of Ureaplasma-induced neonatal sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis raise a growing awareness of their clinical relevance. In vitro studies are scarce but demonstrate distinct Ureaplasma-driven impacts on immune mechanisms. The current study addressed cytokine and chemokine responses upon exposure of native or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) co-stimulated human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) to Ureaplasma urealyticum or U. parvum, using qRT-PCR, RNA sequencing, multi-analyte immunoassay, and flow cytometry. Ureaplasma exposure in native HBMEC reduced monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-3 mRNA expression (p < 0.01, vs. broth). In co-stimulated HBMEC, Ureaplasma spp. attenuated LPS-evoked mRNA responses for C-X-C chemokine ligand 5, MCP-1, and MCP-3 (p < 0.05, vs. LPS) and mitigated LPS-driven interleukin (IL)-1α protein secretion, as well as IL-8 mRNA and protein responses (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Ureaplasma isolates increased C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 mRNA levels in native and LPS co-stimulated HBMEC (p < 0.05). The presented results may imply immunomodulatory capacities of Ureaplasma spp. which may ultimately promote chronic colonization and long-term neuroinflammation. KW - Ureaplasma urealyticum KW - Ureaplasma parvum KW - neuroinflammation KW - meningitis KW - blood–brain barrier KW - HBMEC Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201848 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 20 IS - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silwedel, Christine A1 - Haarmann, Axel A1 - Fehrholz, Markus A1 - Claus, Heike A1 - Speer, Christian P. A1 - Glaser, Kirsten T1 - More than just inflammation: Ureaplasma species induce apoptosis in human brain microvascular endothelial cells JF - Journal of Neuroinflammation N2 - Background Ureaplasma species (spp.) are commonly regarded as low-virulent commensals but may cause invasive diseases in immunocompromised adults and in neonates, including neonatal meningitis. The interactions of Ureaplasma spp. with host defense mechanisms are poorly understood. This study addressed Ureaplasma-driven cell death, concentrating on apoptosis as well as inflammatory cell death. Methods Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) were exposed to Ureaplasma (U.) urealyticum serovar 8 (Uu8) and U. parvum serovar 3 (Up3). Resulting numbers of dead cells as well as mRNA levels and enzyme activity of key agents in programmed cell death were assessed by flow cytometry, RNA sequencing, and qRT-PCR, respectively. xCELLigence data were used for real-time monitoring of changes in cell adhesion properties. Results Both Ureaplasma isolates induced cell death (p < 0.05, vs. broth). Furthermore, Ureaplasma spp. enhanced mRNA levels for genes in apoptosis, including caspase 3 (Up3 p < 0.05, vs. broth), caspase 7 (p < 0.01), and caspase 9 (Up3 p < 0.01). Caspase 3 activity was increased upon Uu8 exposure (p < 0.01). Vice versa, Ureaplasma isolates downregulated mRNA levels for proteins involved in inflammatory cell death, namely caspase 1 (Uu8 p < 0.01, Up3 p < 0.001), caspase 4 (Uu8 p < 0.05, Up3 p < 0.01), NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (Uu8 p < 0.05), and receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (p < 0.05). Conclusions By inducing apoptosis in HBMEC as main constituents of the blood-brain barrier, Ureaplasma spp. may provoke barrier breakdown. Simultaneous suppression of inflammatory cell death may additionally attenuate host defense strategies. Ultimate consequence could be invasive and long-term CNS infections by Ureaplasma spp. KW - Ureaplasma urealyticum KW - Ureaplasma parvum KW - Neuroinflammation KW - Meningitis KW - Caspase KW - Apoptosis KW - HBMEC Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200711 VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheer, Monika A1 - Vokuhl, Christian A1 - Blank, Bernd A1 - Hallmen, Erika A1 - von Kalle, Thekla A1 - Münter, Marc A1 - Wessalowski, Rüdiger A1 - Hartwig, Maite A1 - Sparber-Sauer, Monika A1 - Schlegel, Paul-Gerhardt A1 - Kramm, Christof M. A1 - Kontny, Udo A1 - Spriewald, Bernd A1 - Kegel, Thomas A1 - Bauer, Sebastian A1 - Kazanowska, Bernarda A1 - Niggli, Felix A1 - Ladenstein, Ruth A1 - Ljungman, Gustaf A1 - Jahnukainen, Kirsi A1 - Fuchs, Jörg A1 - Bielack, Stefan S. A1 - Klingebiel, Thomas A1 - Koscielniak, Ewa T1 - Desmoplastic small round cell tumors: Multimodality treatment and new risk factors JF - Cancer Medicine N2 - Background To evaluate optimal therapy and potential risk factors. Methods Data of DSRCT patients <40 years treated in prospective CWS trials 1997-2015 were analyzed. Results Median age of 60 patients was 14.5 years. Male:female ratio was 4:1. Tumors were abdominal/retroperitoneal in 56/60 (93%). 6/60 (10%) presented with a localized mass, 16/60 (27%) regionally disseminated nodes, and 38/60 (63%) with extraperitoneal metastases. At diagnosis, 23/60 (38%) patients had effusions, 4/60 (7%) a thrombosis, and 37/54 (69%) elevated CRP. 40/60 (67%) patients underwent tumor resection, 21/60 (35%) macroscopically complete. 37/60 (62%) received chemotherapy according to CEVAIE (ifosfamide, vincristine, actinomycin D, carboplatin, epirubicin, etoposide), 15/60 (25%) VAIA (ifosfamide, vincristine, adriamycin, actinomycin D) and, 5/60 (8%) P6 (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, ifosfamide, etoposide). Nine received high-dose chemotherapy, 6 received regional hyperthermia, and 20 received radiotherapy. Among 25 patients achieving complete remission, 18 (72%) received metronomic therapies. Three-year event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 11% (±8 confidence interval [CI] 95%) and 30% (±12 CI 95%), respectively, for all patients and 26.7% (±18.0 CI 95%) and 56.9% (±20.4 CI 95%) for 25 patients achieving remission. Extra-abdominal site, localized disease, no effusion or ascites only, absence of thrombosis, normal CRP, complete tumor resection, and chemotherapy with VAIA correlated with EFS in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, significant factors were no thrombosis and chemotherapy with VAIA. In patients achieving complete remission, metronomic therapy with cyclophosphamide/vinblastine correlated with prolonged time to relapse. Conclusion Pleural effusions, venous thrombosis, and CRP elevation were identified as potential risk factors. The VAIA scheme showed best outcome. Maintenance therapy should be investigated further. KW - C-reactive protein KW - desmoplastic small round cell tumor KW - maintenance therapy KW - soft tissue sarcoma KW - Trousseau's syndrome Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228444 VL - 8 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruf, Katharina A1 - Thomas, Wolfgang A1 - Brunner, Maximilian A1 - Speer, Christian P. A1 - Hebestreit, Helge T1 - Diverging effects of premature birth and bronchopulmonary dysplasia on exercise capacity and physical activity – a case control study JF - Respiratory Research N2 - Background Extreme prematurity has been associated with exercise intolerance and reduced physical activity. We hypothesized that children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) would be especially affected based on long-term lung function impairments. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare exercise capacity and habitual physical activity between children born very and extremely preterm with and without BPD and term-born children. Methods Twenty-two school-aged children (aged 8 to 12 years) born with a gestational age < 32 weeks and a birthweight < 1500 g (9 with moderate or severe BPD (=BPD), 13 without BPD (=No-BPD)) and 15 healthy term-born children (=CONTROL) were included in the study. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry, lung function by spirometry and exercise capacity by an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test. Results Peak oxygen uptake was reduced in the BPD-group (83 ± 11%predicted) compared to the No-BPD group (91 ± 8%predicted) and the CONTROL group (94 ± 9%predicted). In a general linear model, variance of peak oxygen uptake was significantly explained by BPD status and height but not by prematurity (p < 0.001). Compared to CONTROL, all children born preterm spent significantly more time in sedentary behaviour (BPD 478 ± 50 min, No-BPD 450 ± 52 min, CONTROL 398 ± 56 min, p < 0.05) and less time in moderate-to-vigorous-physical activity (BPD 13 ± 8 min, No-BPD 16 ± 8 min, CONTROL 33 ± 16 min, p < 0.001). Prematurity but not BPD contributed significantly to explained variance in a general linear model of sedentary behaviour and likewise moderate-to-vigorous-physical activity (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 respectively). Conclusion In our cohort, BPD but not prematurity was associated with a reduced exercise capacity at school-age. However, prematurity regardless of BPD was related to less engagement in physical activity and more time spent in sedentary behaviour. Thus, our findings suggest diverging effects of prematurity and BPD on exercise capacity and physical activity." KW - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia KW - Physical activity KW - Exercise testing KW - Preterm birth KW - Exercise capacity Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202449 VL - 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruf, Katharina A1 - Beer, Meinrad A1 - Köstler, Herbert A1 - Weng, Andreas Max A1 - Neubauer, Henning A1 - Klein, Alexander A1 - Platek, Kathleen A1 - Roth, Kristina A1 - Beneke, Ralph A1 - Hebestreit, Helge T1 - Size-adjusted muscle power and muscle metabolism in patients with cystic fibrosis are equal to healthy controls – a case control study JF - BMC Pulmonary Medicine N2 - Background Skeletal muscle function dysfunction has been reported in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Studies so far showed inconclusive data whether reduced exercise capacity is related to intrinsic muscle dysfunction in CF. Methods Twenty patients with CF and 23 age-matched controls completed an incremental cardiopulmonary cycling test. Further, a Wingate anaerobic test to assess muscle power was performed. In addition, all participants completed an incremental knee-extension test with 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess muscle metabolism (inorganic phosphate (Pi) and phosphocreatinine (PCr) as well as intracellular pH). In the MRI, muscle cross-sectional area of the M. quadriceps (qCSA) was also measured. A subgroup of 15 participants (5 CF, 10 control) additionally completed a continuous high-intensity, high-frequency knee-extension exercise task during 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess muscle metabolism. Results Patients with CF showed a reduced exercise capacity in the incremental cardiopulmonary cycling test (VO2peak: CF 77.8 ± 16.2%predicted (36.5 ± 7.4 ml/qCSA/min), control 100.6 ± 18.8%predicted (49.1 ± 11.4 ml/qCSA/min); p < 0.001), and deficits in anaerobic capacity reflected by the Wingate test (peak power: CF 537 ± 180 W, control 727 ± 186 W; mean power: CF 378 ± 127 W, control 486 ± 126 W; power drop CF 12 ± 5 W, control 8 ± 4 W. all: p < 0.001). In the knee-extension task, patients with CF achieved a significantly lower workload (p < 0.05). However, in a linear model analysing maximal work load of the incremental knee-extension task and results of the Wingate test, respectively, only muscle size and height, but not disease status (CF or not) contributed to explaining variance. In line with this finding, no differences were found in muscle metabolism reflected by intracellular pH and the ratio of Pi/PCr at submaximal stages and peak exercise measured through MRI spectroscopy. Conclusions The lower absolute muscle power in patients with CF compared to controls is exclusively explained by the reduced muscle size in this study. No evidence was found for an intrinsic skeletal muscle dysfunction due to primary alterations of muscle metabolism. KW - Cystic fibrosis KW - Exercise capacity KW - MRI spectroscopy KW - Muscle power KW - Phosphorylation KW - Lung disease, KW - Muscle function Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200981 VL - 19 ER - TY - THES A1 - Riekert, Maximilian T1 - Der Einfluss mesenchymaler Stammzellen auf T-Zellsubpopulationen bei gesunden Probanden und Patienten mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen T1 - The influence of mesenchymal stem cells on T-cell subsets in healthy donors and patients with rheumatic diseases N2 - In dieser Arbeit wurde der Einfluss mesenchymaler Stammzellen (MSC) auf verschiedene T-Zellsubpopulationen in vitro untersucht. Dazu wurden Naive- und Nicht-Naive CD4+ T-Zellen aus humanen PBMCs von gesunden Probanden und Patienten mit Autoimmun-Arthritis bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen isoliert und im Beisein/in Abwesenheit von MSCs unter Th-17-polarisierenden Bedingungen kultiviert. Nach einer 6 Tage umfassenden Inkubationszeit erfolgte die flowzytometrische Bestimmung des Phänotyps, der Proliferation, der Apoptose, des Zytokinprofils und der Chemokinrezeptorexpression Naiver und Nicht-Naiver-CD4+ T-Zellen im Beisein/in Abwesenheit von MSCs. Die Phänotypen wurden als CD45RA+CD27+ Naive-, CD45RA-CD27+ Gedächtnis-, CD45RA- CD27- Effektor- und CD45RA+CD27- TEMRA-Zellen definiert und ihre jeweiligen prozentualen Anteile an allen CD4+ T-Zellen bestimmt. Nach Beurteilung der Proliferation und Apoptose, erfolgte die Analyse der IFNγ-, IL-17-, IL-9- und IL-13-Produktion für jeden der vier Phänotypen. Zusätzlich wurde der prozentuale Anteil an FoxP3+CD25+CD127- Tregs und deren IL-10-Produktion bestimmt. Abschließend erfolgte die Messung der CCR5-, CCR6- und CXCR3- Expression. Insgesamt konnte sowohl in der Naiven CD4+- als auch in der Nicht-Naiven CD4+ T- Zellfraktion eine Hemmung der Proliferation und Apoptose CD4+ T-Zellen durch MSCs gemessen werden. Zudem supprimierten MSCs die Produktion der Zytokine IFNγ, IL-17, IL-9 und IL-10 und steigerten teilweise die Produktion von antiinflammatorischem IL-13. In den vier untersuchten Phänotypen verhielt sich die Zytokinproduktion variabel und war bei CD45RA-CD27+ Gedächtnis- und CD45RA-CD27- Effektor-Zellen am größten. Der hemmende Einfluss der MSCs war auf diese beiden Phänotypen ebenfalls am stärksten ausgeprägt. CD45RA+CD27+ Naive- und CD45RA+CD27- TEMRA-Zellen produzierten in Kultur mit MSCs mitunter vermehrt proinflammatorische Zytokine. Analog zur Proliferation und Apoptose verminderten MSCs die Expression von CCR5, CCR6 und CXCR3 auf CD4+ T-Zellen. Die beschriebenen Effekte der MSCs konnten sowohl bei gesunden Probanden, als auch bei Patienten mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen nachgewiesen werden. Durch die Verwendung eines Transwell®-Systems konnte gezeigt werden, dass MSCs ihre Wirkung auf T-Lymphozyten nicht nur durch direkten Zell-Zell-Kontakt, sondern auch über lösliche Faktoren ausüben. Die Resultate dieser Arbeit verdeutlichen den immunsuppressiven Charakter der MSCs auf Naive und Nicht-Naive CD4+ T-Zellen unter Th17-polarisierenden Bedingungen in vitro. Jedoch zeigt die Analyse der Zytokinproduktion in den untersuchten T-Zell-Phänotypen, dass MSCs neben ihrer immunsuppressiven Eigenschaft die Zytokinantwort einzelner T-Zellphänotypen steigern können. MSCs scheinen daher am ehesten eine immunmodulatorische Rolle zu spielen, indem sie übersteigerte Immunreaktionen herabsetzen und bei Bedarf immunstimulierend wirken. N2 - In this thesis the influence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on different T cell subsets was investigated in vitro. Naive- and Non-Naive CD4+ T cells were isolated from human PBMCs of healthy donors and patients with rheumatic diseases and cultured in presence/in absence of MSCs under Th17 polarizing conditions. After incubation for six days phenotype, proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine profile and expression of chemokine receptors of Naive- and Non-Naive CD4+ T cells in presence/in absence of MSCs was determined by flow cytometry. T cell subsets were defined as CD45RA+CD27+ Naive, CD45RA-CD27+ Memory, CD45RA-CD27- Effektor and CD45RA+CD27- TEMRA cells and the percentage of total CD4+ T cells was calculated. After assessing proliferation and apoptosis, production of IFNγ, IL-17, IL-9 and IL-13 was analyzed for each of the four subsets. Additionally, the percentages of FoxP3+CD25+CD127- Tregs and the corresponding production of IL-10 were determined. Finally, the expression of chemokine receptors CCR5, CCR6 and CXCR3 was measured. In both the Naive and Non-Naive CD4+ cell fraction an inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis of CD4+ T cells through MSCs was analyzed. Moreover, MSCs suppressed the production of the cytokines IFNγ, IL-17, IL-9 and IL-10 and partially enhanced the production of IL-13. The cytokine production varied in the four analyzed T cell subsets, with the highest cytokine production among CD45RA-CD27+ Memory and CD45RA-CD27- Effector cells. The inhibiting influence of MSCs on these two subsets was most prominent. CD45RA+CD27+ Naive and CD45RA+CD27- TEMRA cells occasionally produced more proinflammatory cytokines in culture with MSCs. Like similar effects of MSCs on proliferation and apoptosis, MSCs diminished the expression of CCR5, CCR6 and CXCR3 on CD4+ T cells. The effects of MSCs were demonstrated in both, healthy donors and patients with rheumatic diseases. By the use of a Transwell®-System it was shown that MSCs exert their effects not only through direct cell-cell-contact but also by soluble factors. The results of this thesis elucidate the immunosuppressive character of MSCs on Naive and Non-Naive CD4+ T cells under Th17-polarizing conditions in vitro. However, the analysis of the cytokine production in the investigated T cell subsets showed, that MSCs are able to enhance the immune response besides their immunosuppressive properties. Therefore, MSCs most likely seem to play an immunomodulatory role, by reducing exaggerated immune reactions and, if required are also able to act immune stimulating. KW - mesenchymal KW - stem KW - cell KW - Rheuma KW - Mesenchymale Stammzellen KW - Mesenchymal Stem Cells KW - Rheuma KW - Immunologie KW - Immunology KW - T-Zellen KW - T-Cells KW - Subpopulationen KW - Subsets Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-178195 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rasche, Engelke Kristina T1 - Einfluss der Zytokingenpolymorphismen bei allogen transplantierten Kindern auf das Vorliegen einer Graft-versus-Host-Disease T1 - Influence of cytokine polymorphisms in allogeneic transplanted children on the presence of graft-versus-host disease N2 - Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden 72 pädiatrische Patienten, die eine allogene Stammzelltransplantation erhielten, auf die Spender- und Empfänger-Zytokinpolymorphismen TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-10, IL-6 und IFN-γ untersucht. Die Proben wurden mittels DNA-Extraktion, sequenzspezifischer PCR und Gelelektrophorese analysiert und auf deren Einfluss auf die Entstehung und den Verlauf maligner Erkrankungen sowie auf die Entstehung einer GvHD untersucht. N2 - Within the scope of this work, 72 pediatric patients who received allogeneic stem cell transplantations were examined for the donor and recipient cytokine polymorphisms TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-10, IL-6 and IFN-γ. We analyzed the samples by means of DNA extraction, sequence-specific PCR and gel electrophoresis and investigated their influence on the development and course of malignant diseases as well as on the development of a GvHD. KW - allogeneic KW - Graft-versus-host-disease KW - Stammzelltransplantation KW - stem cell transplantation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-179401 ER -