TY - JOUR A1 - Bender, Stephan A1 - Resch, Franz A1 - Klein, Christoph A1 - Renner, Tobias A1 - Fallgatter, Andreas J. A1 - Weisbrod, Matthias A1 - Romanos, Marcel T1 - Influence of Stimulant Medication and Response Speed on Lateralization of Movement-Related Potentials in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder JF - PLoS One N2 - Background: Hyperactivity is one of the core symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it remains unclear in which way the motor system itself and its development are affected by the disorder. Movement-related potentials (MRP) can separate different stages of movement execution, from the programming of a movement to motor post-processing and memory traces. Pre-movement MRP are absent or positive during early childhood and display a developmental increase of negativity. Methods: We examined the influences of response-speed, an indicator of the level of attention, and stimulant medication on lateralized MRP in 16 children with combined type ADHD compared to 20 matched healthy controls. Results: We detected a significantly diminished lateralisation of MRP over the pre-motor and primary motor cortex during movement execution (initial motor potential peak, iMP) in patients with ADHD. Fast reactions (indicating increased visuo-motor attention) led to increased lateralized negativity during movement execution only in healthy controls, while in children with ADHD faster reaction times were associated with more positive amplitudes. Even though stimulant medication had some effect on attenuating group differences in lateralized MRP, this effect was insufficient to normalize lateralized iMP amplitudes. Conclusions: A reduced focal (lateralized) motor cortex activation during the command to muscle contraction points towards an immature motor system and a maturation delay of the (pre-) motor cortex in children with ADHD. A delayed maturation of the neuronal circuitry, which involves primary motor cortex, may contribute to ADHD pathophysiology. KW - deficit-hyperactivity disorder KW - anticipatory mechanisms KW - motor preparation KW - TIC disorder KW - children KW - ADHD KW - methylphenidate KW - contingent negative-variation KW - continuous performance-test KW - slow cortical potentials Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-135262 VL - 7 IS - 6 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bennetz, Maike T1 - Auffälligkeiten in Gedächtnisfunktionen bei Kindern mit Lese-Rechtschreibschwäche T1 - Dyslexic Children: Special Aspects of Memory Functions N2 - Ziel der Studie war die Exploration von Funktionen des Kurzzeitgedächtnisses bei lese-rechtschreibschwachen Kindern (LRS) im Vergleich zu einer schriftsprachlich normal entwickelten Kontrollgruppe (KG). Gedächtnisfunktionen sollten im Hinblick auf Entwicklungsveränderungen über eine Altersspanne von acht bis dreizehn Jahren untersucht werden. Bei einem möglichen Gedächtnisdefizit sollte überprüft werden, ob dieses sich nur bei schriftsprachähnlichem Material äußerte oder ob es sich um ein allgemeineres Defizit handelte. Insgesamt 65 lese-rechtschreibschwache und schriftsprachlich normal entwickelte Kinder der Altersgruppen 8-9 Jahre, 10-11 Jahre und 12-13 Jahre wurden Aufgaben zur Gedächtnisspanne, zur Benennungsgeschwindigkeit und zur Suchrate unterzogen. In den Aufgaben zur Gedächtnisspanne und zur Benennungsgeschwindigkeit zeigten die lese-rechtschreibschwachen Kinder deutlich schlechtere Leistungen als die Kontrollgruppe, und beide untersuchten Gruppen verbesserten sich in ihren Leistungen mit ansteigendem Alter. Hinweise für ein schriftsprachorientiertes Defizit im Falle der Rechtschreibschwachen ließen sich den Aufgaben zur Gedächtnisspanne und zur Suchrate entnehmen. Zusammenfassend bestätigen die vorliegenden Ergebnisse Defizite in Funktionen des Kurzzeitgedächtnisses bei LRS. Über die untersuchte Altersspanne hinweg kam es nicht zu einer Annäherung der Leistungen der Rechtschreibschwachen an die der Kontrollgruppe, was für ein bleibendes Defizit im Fall der LRS spricht. Um zu eindeutigen Ergebnissen hinsichtlich der Schriftsprachabhängigkeit der Gedächtnisdefizite bei LRS kommen zu können, müssen weitere Studien abgewartet werden. N2 - The aim of the study was to investigate short term memory functions in dyslexic children compared to a control group with normally developed written language skills. Memory functions were to be examined with regard to developmental alterations within an age range of eight to thirteen years. In case of a detected possible memory deficiency, it had to be tested if this became manifest only with material resembling written language or if it represented a more general deficiency. A total of 65 dyslexic and control children with normally developed written language skills of age groups 8-9, 10-11, and 12-13 years were tested for memory span, naming speed and search rate. Achievements in memory span and naming speed of the dyslexic children were distinctly worse than those of the controls. Both examined groups improved with age. The results of memory span and search rate testings provide hints towards a written language related deficiency. In summary the presented data confirm deficits in short term memory functions of dyslexic children. In the examined age range the achievements of dyslexics and controls did not approach with rising age, suggesting a permanent deficit of the dyslexic group. Further studies are needed to examine if dyslexia related memory deficiencies are restricted to written language skills. KW - Lese-Rechtschreibschwäche KW - Gedächtnis KW - Gedächtnisspanne KW - Benennungsgeschwindigkeit KW - Suchrate KW - dyslexia KW - memory KW - memory-span KW - naming-speed KW - search-rate Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-10941 ER - TY - THES A1 - Beyer, Regina-Maria T1 - Kognitive und psychosoziale Faktoren bei Kindern mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) und Lese-Rechtschreibstörung T1 - Kognitive and social factors at children with ADHDS and Dyslexia. N2 - Zusammenfassung Die retrospektive Datenanalyse dreier Gruppen à 20 Kinder im Alter von 8-12 Jahren mit hyperkinetischen Störungen und/oder einer Lese-Rechtschreibstörung der Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Universität Würzburg ergab die nachfolgenden Ergebnisse. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie finden sich in der Literatur wieder. Kognitive Fähigkeiten Im kognitiven Bereich fanden sich wenige Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen. Nachteile ergaben sich aus der Tatsache heraus, dass die Studie retrospektiv durchgeführt wurde und die Fallzahlen daher teils sehr klein waren. Sozial-emotionaler Bereich Für den sozial-emotionalen Bereich fanden sich plausible Ergebnisse. Den Kindern mit einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) waren vermehrt expansive Verhaltensweisen nachzuweisen wie zum Beispiel ein gestörtes Regelverhalten, oppositionelles Verhalten, Aggressivität, Probleme mit Gleichaltrigen, Einzelgängerdasein oder Auffälligkeiten in der Vorschule. Bei den Kindern mit Lese-Rechtschreibstörung fanden sich vielmehr introversive Merkmale wie beispielsweise eine emotionale Störung, ein mangelndes Selbstwertgefühl oder Schulangst. Psychosoziale Situation Die Auswertung des Psychosozialen Bereiches der Kinder mittels Achse V und VI des multiaxialen Klassifikationsschemas für psychische Störungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters ergab eine Belastung der Kinder mit hyperkinetischen Störungen vor allem durch eine abweichende Elternsituation und eine negativ veränderte familiäre Beziehung durch neue Familienmitglieder. Die Kinder mit Lese-Rechtschreibstörung waren besonders betroffen von einer chronischen zwischenmenschlichen Belastung in Zusammenhang mit der Schule sowie von der Herabsetzung der Selbstachtung. N2 - Kognitive and social factors at children with ADHDS and Dyslexia. Three groups of 20 children have been analysed. In children with ADHDS we found for example a higher rate of aggressivity. In dyslexic children we found for example showed less self-esteem. No significant differences regarding the cognitive factors. KW - ADHS KW - LRS KW - Kinderpsychiatrie KW - Jugendpsychiatrie KW - ADHDS KW - Dyslexia KW - Children Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-18932 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biehl, Stefanie C. A1 - Dresler, Thomas A1 - Reif, Andreas A1 - Scheuerpflug, Peter A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Herrmann, Martin J. T1 - Dopamine Transporter (DAT1) and Dopamine Receptor D4 (DRD4) Genotypes Differentially Impact on Electrophysiological Correlates of Error Processing JF - PLoS One N2 - Recent studies as well as theoretical models of error processing assign fundamental importance to the brain's dopaminergic system. Research about how the electrophysiological correlates of error processing—the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe)—are influenced by variations of common dopaminergic genes, however, is still relatively scarce. In the present study, we therefore investigated whether polymorphisms in the DAT1 gene and in the DRD4 gene, respectively, lead to interindividual differences in these error processing correlates. One hundred sixty participants completed a version of the Eriksen Flanker Task while a 26-channel EEG was recorded. The task was slightly modified in order to increase error rates. During data analysis, participants were split into two groups depending on their DAT1 and their DRD4 genotypes, respectively. ERN and Pe amplitudes after correct responses and after errors as well as difference amplitudes between errors and correct responses were analyzed. We found a differential effect of DAT1 genotype on the Pe difference amplitude but not on the ERN difference amplitude, while the reverse was true for DRD4 genotype. These findings are in line with predictions from theoretical models of dopaminergic transmission in the brain. They furthermore tie results from clinical investigations of disorders impacting on the dopamine system to genetic variations known to be at-risk genotypes. KW - haplotypes KW - electroencephalography KW - basal ganglia KW - reaction time KW - dopaminergics KW - dopamine KW - ADHD KW - research errors Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-137930 VL - 6 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biehl, Stefanie C. A1 - Merz, Christian J. A1 - Dresler, Thomas A1 - Heupel, Julia A1 - Reichert, Susanne A1 - Jacob, Christian P. A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Herrmann, Martin J. T1 - Increase or Decrease of fMRI Activity in Adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Does It Depend on Task Difficulty? JF - International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology N2 - Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been shown to affect working memory, and fMRI studies in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder report hypoactivation in task-related attentional networks. However, studies with adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients addressing this issue as well as the effects of clinically valid methylphenidate treatment are scarce. This study contributes to closing this gap. Methods: Thirty-five adult patients were randomized to 6 weeks of double-blind placebo or methylphenidate treatment. Patients completed an fMRI n-back working memory task both before and after the assigned treatment, and matched healthy controls were tested and compared to the untreated patients. Results: There were no whole-brain differences between any of the groups. However, when specified regions of interest were investigated, the patient group showed enhanced BOLD responses in dorsal and ventral areas before treatment. This increase was correlated with performance across all participants and with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in the patient group. Furthermore, we found an effect of treatment in the right superior frontal gyrus, with methylphenidate-treated patients exhibiting increased activation, which was absent in the placebo-treated patients. Conclusions: Our results indicate distinct activation differences between untreated adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients and matched healthy controls during a working memory task. These differences might reflect compensatory efforts by the patients, who are performing at the same level as the healthy controls. We furthermore found a positive effect of methylphenidate on the activation of a frontal region of interest. These observations contribute to a more thorough understanding of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and provide impulses for the evaluation of therapy-related changes. KW - working memory KW - clinical trial KW - child memory KW - short-term methylphenidate brain KW - methylphenidate KW - adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder KW - fMRI KW - functional magnetic resonance imaging Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147551 VL - 19 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Briegel, Wolfgang T1 - Psychiatric comorbidities in 1p36 deletion syndrome and their treatment — a case report JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - 1p36 deletion syndrome represents the most common terminal deletion observed in humans. Major clinical findings comprise developmental delay/intellectual disability, poor or absent expressive language, congenital central muscular hypotonia, brain anomalies, brachydactyly/camptodactyly, short feet, and characteristic facial features like straight eyebrows, deep-set eyes, and midface hypoplasia. So far, there is very limited knowledge about comorbid psychiatric disorders and their effective treatment in this special population. To fill this gap, this case report presents an initially four-year-old girl with 1p36.33–1p36.32 deletion, moderate intellectual disability, insomnia, oppositional-defiant disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder covering a period of time of about 1.5 years comprising initial psychological/psychiatric assessment, subsequent day clinic/outpatient treatment (amongst others including off-label use of melatonin and methylphenidate as well as parent-child interaction therapy) and follow-up assessment. Follow-up results indicated good efficacy of melatonin and methylphenidate medication without any adverse effects. Multidisciplinarity in diagnosis and treatment are mandatory to meet needs of patients with complex genetic disorders like 1p36 deletion syndrome. Off-label use of melatonin (for insomnia) and methylphenidate (for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder) should be considered in young children with 1p36 deletion syndrome if behavioral interventions are not sufficient. KW - 1p36 deletion syndrome KW - oppositional-defiant disorder KW - attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder KW - parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) KW - melatonin KW - methylphenidate KW - off label use KW - case report Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250189 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 18 IS - 22 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Briegel, Wolfgang A1 - Andritschky, Christoph T1 - Psychological adjustment of children and adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and their mothers' stress and coping — a longitudinal study JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - At present, there is a lack of longitudinal studies on the psychological adjustment of both children and adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) and their primary caregivers. To fill this gap, we performed a four-year follow-up study. Mothers filled out the Child Behavior Checklist 4–18, the Social Orientation of Parents with Handicapped Children questionnaire to assess maternal stress and coping strategies, and the Freiburger Personality Inventory-Revised — subscales strain and life satisfaction. Fifty-five subjects with 22q11.2DS (26 males and 29 females; age: M = 10.79 years, SD = 3.56 years) and their biological mothers (age: M = 40.84 years, SD = 4.68 years) were included in this study. Significantly higher levels of behavior problems than in the general population and an increase in these problems, especially internalizing ones, over time could be found. In contrast, maternal stress did not change significantly over time, but mothers demonstrated increased levels of strain and reduced life satisfaction at T2. Thus, careful monitoring as well as early and adequate interventions, if indicated, should be offered to families with a child with 22q11.2DS, not only for somatic complaints but also for problems with psychological adjustment. KW - 22q11.2 deletion syndrome KW - behavior problems KW - coping strategies KW - longitudinal study KW - maternal stress KW - satisfaction with life Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234101 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 18 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Briegel, Wolfgang A1 - Greuel, Jan A1 - Stroth, Sanna A1 - Heinrichs, Nina T1 - Parents' perception of their 2−10-year-old children's contribution to the dyadic parent-child relationship in terms of positive and negative behaviors JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - Parent-child relationship is developed and changed through reciprocal interactions between a child and his/her parent, and these interactions can strongly influence the child's development across domains (e.g., emotional, physical, and intellectual). However, little is known about the parental perception of the child's contribution to the dyadic parent-child relationship in terms of positive and negative behaviors. We therefore aimed to develop and validate an economical parent-report instrument to assess these important aspects. The validation study included 1642 mothers (M\(_{age}\) = 37.1) and 1068 fathers (M\(_{age}\) = 40.4) of 1712 children aged 2–10 years (M\(_{age}\) = 6.6) who completed the new instrument, the Child Relationship Behavior Inventory (CRBI). Statistical results indicated that the CRBI is a reliable and valid measure. Mothers reported more positive child behaviors towards them, whereas fathers perceived fewer problems with problematic relationship behavior than mothers. In their parents' perception, girls showed more positive and less problematic relationship behaviors than boys. The frequency of problematic child relationship behavior significantly decreased with increasing child age while positive relationship behavior did not show any correlation with the child's age. To assess both positive and negative child relationship behaviors could be helpful to better understand the relevance of these different aspects for the development of the parent-child relationship. KW - parent-child relationship KW - child behavior KW - parental perception KW - inventory Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197411 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 16 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Briegel, Wolfgang A1 - Hoyer, Juliane T1 - Psychiatric disorders and distal 21q deletion — a case report JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - Partial deletion of chromosome 21q is a very rare genetic condition with highly variable phenotypic features including heart defects, high or cleft palate, brain malformations (e.g., cerebral atrophy), developmental delay and intellectual disability. So far, there is very limited knowledge about psychiatric disorders and their effective treatment in this special population. To fill this gap, the authors present the case of an initially five-year-old girl with distal deletion (del21q22.2) and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (main psychiatric diagnosis) covering a period of time of almost four years comprising initial psychological/psychiatric assessment, subsequent treatment with Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), and follow-up assessments. Post-intervention results including a 19-month follow-up indicated good overall efficacy of PCIT and high parental satisfaction with the treatment. This case report makes a substantial contribution to enhancing knowledge on psychiatric comorbidity and its effective treatment in patients with terminal 21q deletion. Moreover, it emphasizes the necessity of multidisciplinarity in diagnosis and treatment due to the variety of anomalies associated with 21q deletion. Regular screenings for psychiatric disorders and (if indicated) thorough psychological and psychiatric assessment seem to be reasonable in most affected children, as children with developmental delays are at increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders. As demonstrated with this case report, PCIT seems to be a good choice to effectively reduce disruptive behaviors in young children with partial deletion of chromosome 21q. KW - chromosome 21 KW - distal deletion KW - 21q22.2-q22.3 KW - oppositional defiant disorder KW - attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder KW - Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) KW - case report Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203769 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 17 IS - 9 ER - TY - THES A1 - Buchner, Kim T1 - Untersuchungen zur Assoziation von Schlafbruxismus und psychischer Belastung bei Kindern T1 - Studies on the association of sleep bruxism and psychological distress in children N2 - Bruxismus bezeichnet eine sich wiederholende Kaumuskelaktivität mit Knirschen oder Aufeinanderpressen der Zähne. Während bei Erwachsenen die Ursachen und die Pathophysiologie schon weitreichend erforscht wurden, gab es bei Kindern bislang keine systematische Untersuchung hinsichtlich des Zusammenhangs mit psychopathologischen Faktoren. Deshalb wurde unsere Studie nun erstmals mit Bruxismusmessung nach Goldstandard sowie mit normierten und validierten Fragebögen zu verschiedenen psychosozialen Dimensionen als Querschnittsuntersuchung bei 53 acht- bis zwölfjährigen Kindern durchgeführt. Besonderes Augenmerk wurde dabei auf den hypothetisierten Zusammenhang zwischen Schlafbruxismus und Angstsensitivität sowie Angstintensität gelegt. Außerdem wurde der Einfluss weiterer psychosozialer Faktoren (wie Lebensqualität, Anzahl negativer Lebensereignisse, Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, ADHS-Symptomatik, depressive Symptomatik, Zwangssymptomatik, Ticsymptomatik, Alter und Geschlecht) auf die o.g. Prädiktoren per multipler Regressionsanalyse geprüft. Auf Basis der durchgeführten Untersuchung ergaben sich keine Hinweise auf eine Assoziation von Bruxismus zu psychosozialen Dimensionen. Die vorbeschriebenen Zusammenhänge erwiesen sich als statistisch nicht signifikant. Dies mag zum einen der Stichprobenauswahl von gesunden Kindern geschuldet sein, die weder von Bruxismus noch von anderen Faktoren vorbekannt klinisch beeinträchtigt waren. Andererseits können aber auch fehlerhafte Ausgangsüberlegungen durch nicht dem Goldstandard entsprechenden Messungen der Vorstudien zu diesem Ergebnis geführt haben. Darüber hinaus verläuft die Kindesentwicklung interindividuell sehr variabel und temporäre myofunktionelle Beeinträchtigungen können ohne Bezug zu psychischer Belastung auftreten. N2 - Bruxism is defined as repetitive masticatory muscle activity with grinding or clenching of the teeth. While the causes and pathophysiology of bruxism have been extensively studied in adults, there has been no systematic investigation of its association with psychopathological factors in children. Therefore, our study was conducted for the first time with bruxism measurement according to the gold standard as well as with standardized and validated questionnaires on different psychosocial dimensions as a cross-sectional study in 53 eight- to twelve-year-old children. Special attention was paid to the hypothesized relationship between sleep bruxism and anxiety sensitivity as well as anxiety intensity. In addition, the influence of other psychosocial factors (such as quality of life, number of negative life events, behavioral problems, ADHD symptomatology, depressive symptomatology, obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, tic symptomatology, age and gender) on the above predictors was tested by multiple regression analysis. On the basis of the investigation conducted, no evidence of an association of bruxism with psychosocial dimensions was found. The aforementioned associations proved not to be statistically significant. On the one hand, this may be due to the sample selection of healthy children who were not clinically impaired by bruxism or by any other factors known beforehand. On the other hand, faulty initial considerations due to non-gold standard measurements of the preliminary studies may have led to this result. Furthermore, child development is highly variable between individuals and temporary myofunctional impairments may occur without relation to psychological distress. KW - Bruxismus KW - Schlafbruxismus KW - psychische Belastung KW - kindliche Zahnentwicklung KW - Angstsensitivität KW - Angstintensität KW - sleep bruxism KW - psychological distress KW - dental development in children KW - anxiety sensitivity KW - anxiety intensity Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225639 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buerger, Arne A1 - Emser, Theresa A1 - Seidel, Alexandra A1 - Scheiner, Christin A1 - von Schoenfeld, Cornelia A1 - Ruecker, Viktoria A1 - Heuschmann, Peter U. A1 - Romanos, Marcel T1 - DUDE - a universal prevention program for non-suicidal self-injurious behavior in adolescence based on effective emotion regulation: study protocol of a cluster-randomized controlled trial JF - Trials N2 - Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has become a substantial public health problem. NSSI is a high-risk marker for the development and persistence of mental health problems, shows high rates of morbidity and mortality, and causes substantial health care costs. Thus, there is an urgent need for action to develop universal prevention programs for NSSI before adolescents begin to show this dangerous behavior. Currently, however, universal prevention programs are lacking. Methods The main objective of the present study is to evaluate a newly developed universal prevention program (“DUDE – Du und deine Emotionen / You and your emotions”), based on a skills-based approach in schools, in 3200 young adolescents (age 11–14 years). The effectiveness of DUDE will be investigated in a cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) in schools (N = 16). All groups will receive a minimal intervention called “Stress-free through the school day” as a mental health literacy program to prevent burnout in school. The treatment group (N = 1600; 8 schools) will additionally undergo the universal prevention program DUDE and will be divided into treatment group 1 (DUDE conducted by trained clinical psychologists; N = 800; 4 schools) and treatment group 2 (DUDE conducted by trained teachers; N = 800; 4 schools). The active control group (N = 1600; 8 schools) will only receive the mental health literacy prevention. Besides baseline assessment (T0), measurements will occur at the end of the treatment (T1) and at 6- (T2) and 12-month (T3) follow-up evaluations. The main outcome is the occurrence of NSSI within the last 6 months assessed by a short version of the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI-9) at the 1-year follow-up (primary endpoint; T3). Secondary outcomes are emotion regulation, suicidality, health-related quality of life, self-esteem, and comorbid psychopathology and willingness to change. Discussion DUDE is tailored to diminish the incidence of NSSI and to prevent its possible long-term consequences (e.g., suicidality) in adolescents. It is easy to access in the school environment. Furthermore, DUDE is a comprehensive approach to improve mental health via improved emotion regulation. KW - universal prevention KW - NSSI KW - self-injury KW - emotion regulation KW - RCT KW - school-based prevention KW - adolescence Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265874 VL - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buerger, Arne A1 - Vloet, Timo D. A1 - Haber, Lisa A1 - Geissler, Julia M. T1 - Third-wave interventions for eating disorders in adolescence - systematic review with meta-analysis JF - Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation N2 - Context: Third-wave therapies have demonstrated efficacy as a treatment option for EDs in adulthood. Data on the suitability for EDs in adolescence are lacking. Objective: To estimate the efficacy of third-wave interventions to reduce ED symptoms in adolescents in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and uncontrolled studies. Data sources: We systematically reviewed the databases PubMed (1976-January 2021), PsycINFO (1943-January 2021), and the Cochrane database (1995-January 2021) for English-language articles on third-wave therapies. References were screened for further publications of interest. Study selection: RCTs and pre-post studies without control group, comprising patients aged 11-21 years (mean age = 15.6 years) with an ED diagnosis (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, eating disorder not otherwise specified) investigating the efficacy of third-wave psychological interventions were included. Efficacy had to be evaluated according to the Eating Disorder Examination or Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, the Eating Disorder Inventory-3, or the Structured Interview for Anorexic and Bulimic Disorders for DSM-IV and ICD-10. The outcome assessed in the meta-analysis was the EDE total score. Data extraction: Independent extraction of data by two authors according to a pre-specified data extraction sheet and quality indicators. Data synthesis: We identified 1000 studies after removal of duplicates, assessed the full texts of 48 articles for eligibility, and included 12 studies with a total of 487 participants (female 97.3%/male 2.6%) in the qualitative synthesis and seven studies in the meta-analysis. Articles predominantly reported uncontrolled pre-post trials of low quality, with only two published RCTs. Treatments focused strongly on dialectical behaviour therapy (n = 11). We found moderate effects of third-wave therapies on EDE total score interview/questionnaire for all EDs (d = - 0.67; z = - 5.53; CI95% = - 0.83 to - 0.59). Descriptively, the effects appeared to be stronger in patients with BN and BED. Conclusion: At this stage, it is not feasible to draw conclusions regarding the efficacy of third-wave interventions for the treatment of EDs in adolescence due to the low quality of the empirical evidence. Since almost all of the identified studies used DBT, it is unfortunately not possible to assess other third-wave treatments' efficacy. KW - DBT KW - adolescence KW - eating disorders KW - third-wave psychotherapy KW - meta-analysis KW - review Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260545 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bürger, Arne A1 - Schoenfeld, Cornelia von A1 - Scheiner, Christin A1 - Seidel, Alexandra A1 - Wasserscheid, Antonia A1 - Gad, Doreya A1 - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Reiter, Andrea M. F. T1 - Universal prevention for non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents is scarce - A systematic review JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry N2 - Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) during adolescence is a high-risk marker for the development and persistence of mental health problems and has been recognized as a significant public health problem. Whereas targeted prevention has indeed shown to be effective in reducing NSSI and improve mental health problems, access to such programs is limited. By face validity, universal prevention of NSSI seems an ideal starting point for a stepped-care model to circumvent a lack of resources in the medical care system. However, it is yet unclear how effective such approaches are. Here, we provide a summary of existing work on universal prevention of NSSI in adolescents younger than 21 years based on a systematic literature search. We found that only seven studies are available. None of the programs evaluated was found to be effective in reducing the incidence or frequency of NSSI. After providing a comprehensive summary of the existing work, we evaluate the fact that existing work primarily focusses on selected/targeted prevention and on psychoeducational methods. We derive implications for future directions in the field of universal prevention of NSSI. KW - non-suicidal self-injury KW - NSSI KW - emotion regulation KW - prevention KW - universal prevention KW - adolescence KW - mental health Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357490 VL - 14 ER - TY - THES A1 - Calame, Silke T1 - Zusammenhang von Angst mit dem Schweregrad der Anorexia nervosa - Komorbidität am Beispiel einer klinischen Studie T1 - The correlation of anxiety and the degree of anorexia nervosa - comorbidity in an examplary clinical trial N2 - In der Literatur wird eine hohe Komorbidität zwischen Anorexia nervosa und Angststörungen beschrieben. Die Dissertation beinhaltet eine klinische Studie anhand von 29 anorektischen Patientinnen, in der der Zusammenhang zwischen der Ausprägung der Angst und dem Schweregrad der Anorexia nervosa untersucht wurde. Als Testverfahren kamen zur Anwendung State-Trait-Angstinventar (Stai), Sozialphobie und -angstinventar für Kinder (SPAIK), Anorexia nervosa Inventar zur Selbstbeobachtung (ANIS), Fragebogen zum Eßverhalten (FEV), Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) und Body Mass Index (BMI). Es zeigte sich eine deutliche Korrelation zwischen der Angst und der Ausprägung der psychopathologischen Symptomatik der Eßstörung. Ein vermuteter Zusammenhang zwischen niedrigem Ausgangs - BMI und hohem Angstniveau konnte nicht bestätigt werden. N2 - In literature a high comorbidity between anxiety disorders and anorexia nervosa is being described. The dissertation contains a clinical study on 29 female anorectic patients investigating the correlation between the level of anxiety and the degree of anorxia nervosa. As methods have been used Eating-Disorder-Inventory (EDI), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (FEV), Anorexia Nervosa Inventory of Self-Rating (ANIS), Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and body mass index (BMI). A correlation between anxiety and degree of psychopsychological symptoms of the eating disorder was seen. Surprisingly no connection between starting BMI and high anxiety level was found. KW - Anorexia nervosa KW - Angst KW - Komorbidität KW - Angststörungen KW - Eßstörungen KW - anorexia nervosa KW - anxiety KW - comorbidity KW - anxiety disorders KW - eating disorders Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-13830 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Capetian, Philipp A1 - Roessner, Veit A1 - Korte, Caroline A1 - Walitza, Susanne A1 - Riederer, Franz A1 - Taurines, Regina A1 - Gerlach, Manfred A1 - Moser, Andreas T1 - Altered urinary tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives in patients with Tourette syndrome: reflection of dopaminergic hyperactivity? JF - Journal of Neural Transmission N2 - Tetrahydroisoquinolines (TIQs) such as salsolinol (SAL), norsalsolinol (NSAL) and their methylated derivatives N-methyl-norsalsolinol (NMNSAL) and N-methyl-salsolinol (NMSAL), modulate dopaminergic neurotransmission and metabolism in the central nervous system. Dopaminergic neurotransmission is thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of chronic tic disorders, such as Tourette syndrome (TS). Therefore, the urinary concentrations of these TIQ derivatives were measured in patients with TS and patients with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (TS + ADHD) compared with controls. Seventeen patients with TS, 12 with TS and ADHD, and 19 age-matched healthy controls with no medication took part in this study. Free levels of NSAL, NMNSAL, SAL, and NMSAL in urine were measured by a two-phase chromatographic approach. Furthermore, individual TIQ concentrations in TS patients were used in receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis to examine the diagnostic value. NSAL concentrations were elevated significantly in TS [434.67 ± 55.4 nmol/l (standard error of mean = S.E.M.), two-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001] and TS + ADHD patients [605.18 ± 170.21 nmol/l (S.E.M.), two-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001] compared with controls [107.02 ± 33.18 nmol/l (S.E.M.), two-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001] and NSAL levels in TS + ADHD patients were elevated significantly in comparison with TS patients (two-way ANOVA, p = 0.017). NSAL demonstrated an AUC of 0.93 ± 0.046 (S.E.M) the highest diagnostic value of all metabolites for the diagnosis of TS. Our results suggest a dopaminergic hyperactivity underlying the pathophysiology of TS and ADHD. In addition, NSAL concentrations in urine may be a potential diagnostic biomarker of TS. KW - Tourette syndrome KW - ADHD KW - tics KW - biomarkers KW - tetrahydroisoquinoline derivates Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235771 SN - 0300-9564 VL - 128 ER - TY - THES A1 - Carl, Sophia Leonie T1 - Untersuchungen zum Einfluss serotonerger Genvariationen auf olfaktorische Performanz T1 - Investigations on the influence of serotonergic gene polymorphisms on olfactory performance N2 - Einige psychiatrische Erkrankungen gehen mit einer Veränderung der Riechfunktion einher. In aktuellen Tiermodellen wurde durch Stimulation der Raphe Kerne, die unter anderem zum Bulbus Olfaktorius projizieren, das serotonerge System als Einflussfaktor der Riechfunktion erkannt. Unsere Hypothese geht davon aus, dass das serotonerge System die Riechleistung beeinflussen könnte. Um diese Hypothese zu überprüfen, wurden drei Gene des serotonergen Systems und deren psychiatrisch relevante Genpolymorphismen ausgewählt und untersucht: TPH2 (Tryptophanhydroxylase 2, rs4570625), 5-HTTLPR (Serotonintransporter-Längenpolymorphismus) und 5-HT2C (Serotonintransporter, rs3813929). Insgesamt wurden 173 gesunde Kinder eingeschlossen und auf deren Riechleistung (Riechschwelle und Diskrimination) hin mittels des Sniffin’Sticks Tests untersucht. Träger des T-Allels des TPH2-Polymorphismus sowie Träger des s-Allels, des 5-HTTLPR wiesen eine signifikant bessere Diskrimination von Gerüchen auf. Der Effekt des 5-HTTLPR ließ sich auf die Mädchen in der Stichprobe zurückführen. Der Genpolymorphismus des 5-HT2C Rezeptors wirkte sich nicht signifikant auf die Riechleistung aus. In Bezug auf die Riechsensitivität zeigten sich keine signifikanten Modulationen durch die untersuchten Genvarianten. Gene des serotonergen Systems üben bei gesunden Kindern einen modulierenden Einfluss auf die Riechfunktion aus, insbesondere auf die Riechdiskrimination. Von besonderer Bedeutung scheinen in diesem Zusammenhang der Serotonintransporter 5-HTTLPR und das Syntheseenzym TPH2 zu sein. N2 - Some psychiatric disorders are associated with a modulation of the olfactory system. By stimulating the raphe nuclei, which among other target regions project to the olfactory bulb, the serotonergic system was recognized as an influencing factor of the olfactory function in current animal models. Our hypothesis assumes that the serotonergic system influences the olfactory performance. To test this hypothesis, three genes of the serotoninergic system and their psychollogical relevant gene polymorphisms were selected and investigated: TPH2 (tryptophan hydroxylase 2, rs4570625), 5-HTT LPR (serotonin transporter length polymorphism) and 5-HT2C (serotonin transporter, rs3813929). A total of 173 healthy children were included and examined for their olfactory performance (olfactory threshold and discrimination) using the Sniffin'Sticks test. Carriers of the T-allele of the TPH2 polymorphism as well as carriers of the s-allele of the 5-HTTLPR, exhibited significantly better odor discrimination. The effect of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was mediated by the girls in the sample. The gene polymorphism of the 5-HT2C receptor did not significantly affect the olfactory function. In terms of odor sensitivity, no significant modulations were mediated by the examined gene variants. Genes of the serotonergic system exert a modulating influence on the olfactory function in healthy children, especially on olfactory discrimination. Of particular importance in this context are the serotonin transporter 5-HTT LPR and the synthesis enzyme TPH2. KW - Riechen KW - Diskrimination KW - Serotonin KW - Serotonerges System KW - Genpolymophismen KW - Olfaction KW - Discrimination Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-185418 ER - TY - THES A1 - Claus, Armin T1 - Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit des Dopamin-Agonisten Ropinirol bei jungen Patienten mit hyperkinetischer Störung T1 - Efficacy and safety of the dopamine agonist ropinirole in the treatment of boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder N2 - Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) ist eine häufige Erkran-kung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Vor allem bei Ausbleiben einer suffizienten Be-handlung verursacht die ADHS sehr oft vielfältige Probleme, die das Leben der Be-troffenen in Familie, Schule und Freizeit gravierend beeinträchtigen. Zahlreiche Studien beschreiben eine Dysfunktion des dopaminergen Systems als Hauptursache für das Auf-treten der Kardinalsymptome Hyperaktivität, Konzentrationsmangel und Impulsivität. Die Hauptsäule der medikamentösen Behandlung ist das zwingend per Betäubungsmit-telrezept zu verordnende Stimulanz METHYLPHENIDAT mit eigenem Nebenwir-kungsprofil und einer nicht geringen Rate an Nonrespondern. Einzelne Literaturstellen und theoretische Vorüberlegungen lassen eine Korrektur dys-funktionaler dopaminerger Transmitterprozesse bei ADHS nicht allein durch Stimulanzi-en, sondern auch durch die Klasse der Dopamin-Agonisten denkbar erscheinen. Diese Vorüberlegungen basieren u. a. auf den Kenntnissen der Eigenschaften und des Wirkmechanismus des Dopamin-Agonisten ROPINIROL, der vielfach in der Behandlung der Parkinson-Krankheit eingesetzt wird. Dieser Heilversuch ist die erste prospektive Untersuchung zur Sicherheit und Wirksam-keit des Dopamin-Agonisten ROPINIROL in der Behandlung von jungen männlichen ADHS-Patienten. Gleichzeitig liegt damit auch der erste Wirksamkeitsvergleich des erstmals gezielt zur ADHS-Behandlung eingesetzten Wirkstoffes ROPINIROL mit der Goldstandard-Substanz der ADHS-Medikation, nämlich METHYLPHENIDAT vor. Insgesamt nahmen 9 Jungen mit ADHS im Alter zwischen 8 und 13 Jahren an dem Heilversuch teil, 3 dieser 9 Probanden im Rahmen eines Vortests, die übrigen 6 unter den Bedingungen des endgültigen Heilversuchs. Die Effekte der jeweils eingesetzten Substanz auf die Symptomausprägung der ADHS wurden mit Hilfe der Kurzform des Eltern-Lehrer-Fragebogens nach Conners und speziell hinsichtlich der ADHS-relevanten Verhaltensparameter Konzentrationsfähigkeit und Impulskontrolle durch den computer-gestützten Continuous Performance Test, CPT, erhoben. Im Bild der angewandten computergestützten Konzentrations- und Impulskontroll-belastungstests (CPT) ergab sich bei 2 der 6 Probanden des Hauptheilversuches unter ROPINIROL eine sehr deutliche Verbesserung der Konzentration (Steigerung der rich-tigen Tastendrücke um 30% bzw. 70%). In der Betrachtung der gesamten Probanden-gruppe war der die Konzentration fördernde Effekt von ROPINIROL aber unspezifisch (p=0,463) und blieb weit hinter dem statistisch signifikanten konzentrationsfördernden Effekt von METHYLPHENIDAT auf die Probandengruppe (p=0,021) zurück. 5 von 6 Probanden handelten unter ROPINIROL weniger impulsiv und reduzierten die Anzahl falscher Tastendrücke im CPT gering bis deutlich. 3 dieser 5 Probanden verrin-gerten diese Fehlerzahl unter ROPINIROL um mindestens 40% der Ausgangsfehlerzahl ohne Medikation. Anders als beim Verhaltensparameter Konzentration ließ sich hinsichtlich der Impuls-kontrolle kein Nachteil der Medikation mit ROPINIROL gegenüber METHYLPHENI-DAT errechnen. Auch in der Auswertung der Kurzform des Eltern-Lehrer-Fragebogens nach Conners war ROPINIROL METHYLPHENIDAT rechnerisch nicht signifikant unterlegen. We-gen der kleinen Probandengruppe in Verbindung mit der deutlichen Streubreite der Er-gebnisse zur Impulsivität und innerhalb der Conners-Skalen kann dies aber bestenfalls als Hinweis, nicht aber als rechnerisch bewiesene Ähnlichkeit der Wirkstärke beider Substanzen in der Verbesserung vor allem der Impulskontrolle interpretiert werden. 6 von 9 Probanden beschrieben unter Ropinirol spürbare Tagesmüdigkeit. Diese war unter den höheren Dosen Ropinirol des Vortestes (max. 2mg ROP/die) besonders häufig und stark (3 von 3 Probanden). Unter der reduzierten Enddosis von maximal 1mg ROP/die im Haupttest lag die Häufigkeit der Tagesmüdigkeit bei 4 von 6 Probanden und wurde weniger stark erlebt. Dies weist auf eine Dosisabhängigkeit dieser im Heil-versuch am häufigsten registrierten unerwünschten Wirkung von Ropinirol hin. Impera-tive Schlafattacken blieben vollständig aus. Der Beweis für das Potential des Dopamin-Agonisten ROPINIROL, die Symptome einer ADHS in ähnlichem Ausmaß wie das Stimulanz METHYLPHENIDAT zu verrin-gern oder zumindest statistisch fassbar zu reduzieren, konnte in der Gesamtwürdigung der Ergebnisse dieses Heilversuchs nicht erbracht werden. Es ergaben sich aber einzelne Hinweise auf eine Teilwirksamkeit von ROPINIROL gegen ADHS-Symptome bei einzelnen Probanden, vor allem für den Symptombereich der Impulsivi-tät. Hinweise auf ein Nebenwirkungsprofil, das jede zukünftige Anwendung von ROPINIROL bei ADHS-Erkrankten ausschließt, wurden nicht festgestellt. Die mit Hilfe dieses pilotstudienartigen Heilversuchs gewonnenen Erkenntnisse könnten durch breiter angelegte Studien z. B. im Design einer randomisierten doppelblinden Wirksamkeitsvergleichsstudie überprüft und weiterentwickelt werden, um die mögliche Eignung von Dopamin-Agonisten wie Ropinirol als medikamentöse Alternative für be-stimmte Subpopulationen von ADHS-Betroffenen besser beurteilen zu können. N2 - Efficacy and safety of the dopamine agonist ropinirole in the treatment of boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder KW - Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung KW - attention deficit hyperactivity disorder KW - ADHS KW - Ropinirol KW - Dopamin Agonist KW - Methylphenidat KW - Stimulanz KW - Medikation KW - Behandlung KW - ADHD KW - ropinirole KW - dopamine agonist KW - methylphenidate KW - stimulant KW - medication KW - treatment Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-103065 ER - TY - THES A1 - Daub, Jonas T1 - Der Einfluss von Alter und Ängstlichkeit auf die Furchtgeneralisierung und die Aufmerksamkeitslenkung bei gesunden Kindern und Jugendlichen T1 - The influence of age and anxiety on fear generalization and attentional processes in healthy children and adolescents N2 - Mittels einer klinischen Studie wurden die Furchtgeneralisierung und Aufmerksamkeitslenkung von 44 gesunden Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter von 9-17 Jahren untersucht. Eine Übergeneralisierung konditionierter Furcht sowie veränderte Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse werden in zahlreichen Arbeiten mit der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Angsterkrankungen in Verbindung gebracht. Der Hauptteil der Forschung beschränkte sich bislang auf die Untersuchung von erwachsenen Probanden. Da Angsterkrankungen jedoch häufig bereits im Kindes- und Jugendalter entstehen und sich in der Erforschung psychiatrischer Erkrankungen zunehmend eine dimensionale Betrachtungsweise durchsetzt, bestand das Ziel der Studie darin, etwaige Alterseffekte und den Einfluss der Ängstlichkeit auf die genannten Phänomene bei gesunden Probanden zu untersuchen. Darüber hinaus wurde ein potentiell präventiver Ansatz erforscht. Im Ergebnis zeigten sich in den Gruppenvergleichen keine relevanten Differenzen. Interessanterweise deutete sich in der Gruppe der älteren Probanden entgegen der Erwartung eine verstärkte Furchtgeneralisierung an, die womöglich mit einer veränderten Beziehung zu Furcht und Risiko in der Adoleszenz zusammenhängt. Aus den Befunden ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit weiterer, prospektiver Arbeiten, um unser Verständnis der Ätiologie von Angsterkrankungen zu verbessern. Weiterhin ist noch offen, inwiefern es sich bei der Übergeneralisierung und einer veränderten Aufmerksamkeitslenkung um Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung von Angsterkrankungen oder vielmehr um Epiphänomene handelt, die erst mit Ausbruch der Erkrankung auftreten. Der Einsatz von Methoden der virtuellen Realität erscheint besonders geeignet, diese Prozesse zukünftig noch besser zu erforschen. N2 - In this clinical study fear generalization and attentional processes have been investigated in 44 healthy children and adolescents aged 9-17 years. Overgeneralization of conditioned fear and altered attentional processes have been linked to the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders in numerous studies. The majority of research to date has been limited to the study of adult subjects. However, since anxiety disorders often develop in childhood and adolescence and a dimensional approach has become increasingly important in the study of psychiatric disorders, the aim of the study was to investigate age effects and the influence of anxiety on the aforementioned phenomena in healthy subjects. In addition, a potential preventive approach has been studied. The results showed no relevant differences in the group comparisons. Interestingly and contrary to expectations, there was a trend for increased fear generalization in the group of older subjects, which can possibly be related to a changed relationship to fear and risk in adolescence. The findings suggest the need for further, prospective work to improve our understanding of the aetiology of anxiety disorders. Furthermore, it is still open to what extent overgeneralization and altered attentional processes are risk factors for the development of anxiety disorders or rather epiphenomena that only appear with the onset of the disorder. The use of virtual reality methods seems particularly suitable for researching these processes even better in the future. KW - Angst KW - Furcht KW - Anxiety KW - Fear KW - Klinisches Experiment KW - Furchtgeneralisierung KW - Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse KW - Angsterkrankungen KW - Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie KW - klinische Studie KW - fear generalization KW - attentional processes KW - anxiety disorders KW - child and adolescent psychiatry KW - clinical study Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300100 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Davis, Lea K. A1 - Yu, Dongmei A1 - Keenan, Clare L. A1 - Gamazon, Eric R. A1 - Konkashbaev, Anuar I. A1 - Derks, Eske M. A1 - Neale, Benjamin M. A1 - Yang, Jian A1 - Lee, S. Hong A1 - Evans, Patrick A1 - Barr, Cathy L. A1 - Bellodi, Laura A1 - Benarroch, Fortu A1 - Berrio, Gabriel Bedoya A1 - Bienvenu, Oscar J. A1 - Bloch, Michael H. A1 - Blom, Rianne M. A1 - Bruun, Ruth D. A1 - Budman, Cathy L. A1 - Camarena, Beatriz A1 - Campbell, Desmond A1 - Cappi, Carolina A1 - Cardona Silgado, Julio C. A1 - Cath, Danielle C. A1 - Cavallini, Maria C. A1 - Chavira, Denise A. A1 - Chouinard, Sylvian A1 - Conti, David V. A1 - Cook, Edwin H. A1 - Coric, Vladimir A1 - Cullen, Bernadette A. A1 - Deforce, Dieter A1 - Delorme, Richard A1 - Dion, Yves A1 - Edlund, Christopher K. A1 - Egberts, Karin A1 - Falkai, Peter A1 - Fernandez, Thomas V. A1 - Gallagher, Patience J. A1 - Garrido, Helena A1 - Geller, Daniel A1 - Girard, Simon L. A1 - Grabe, Hans J. A1 - Grados, Marco A. A1 - Greenberg, Benjamin D. A1 - Gross-Tsur, Varda A1 - Haddad, Stephen A1 - Heiman, Gary A. A1 - Hemmings, Sian M. J. A1 - Hounie, Ana G. A1 - Illmann, Cornelia A1 - Jankovic, Joseph A1 - Jenike, Micheal A. A1 - Kennedy, James L. A1 - King, Robert A. A1 - Kremeyer, Barbara A1 - Kurlan, Roger A1 - Lanzagorta, Nuria A1 - Leboyer, Marion A1 - Leckman, James F. A1 - Lennertz, Leonhard A1 - Liu, Chunyu A1 - Lochner, Christine A1 - Lowe, Thomas L. A1 - Macciardi, Fabio A1 - McCracken, James T. A1 - McGrath, Lauren M. A1 - Restrepo, Sandra C. Mesa A1 - Moessner, Rainald A1 - Morgan, Jubel A1 - Muller, Heike A1 - Murphy, Dennis L. A1 - Naarden, Allan L. A1 - Ochoa, William Cornejo A1 - Ophoff, Roel A. A1 - Osiecki, Lisa A1 - Pakstis, Andrew J. A1 - Pato, Michele T. A1 - Pato, Carlos N. A1 - Piacentini, John A1 - Pittenger, Christopher A1 - Pollak, Yehunda A1 - Rauch, Scott L. A1 - Renner, Tobias J. A1 - Reus, Victor I. A1 - Richter, Margaret A. A1 - Riddle, Mark A. A1 - Robertson, Mary M. A1 - Romero, Roxana A1 - Rosàrio, Maria C. A1 - Rosenberg, David A1 - Rouleau, Guy A. A1 - Ruhrmann, Stephan A1 - Ruiz-Linares, Andreas A1 - Sampaio, Aline S. A1 - Samuels, Jack A1 - Sandor, Paul A1 - Sheppard, Broke A1 - Singer, Harvey S. A1 - Smit, Jan H. A1 - Stein, Dan J. A1 - Strengman, E. A1 - Tischfield, Jay A. A1 - Valencia Duarte, Ana V. A1 - Vallada, Homero A1 - Van Nieuwerburgh, Flip A1 - Veenstra-VanderWeele, Jeremy A1 - Walitza, Susanne A1 - Wang, Ying A1 - Wendland, Jens R. A1 - Westenberg, Herman G. M. A1 - Shugart, Yin Yao A1 - Miguel, Euripedes C. A1 - McMahon, William A1 - Wagner, Michael A1 - Nicolini, Humberto A1 - Posthuma, Danielle A1 - Hanna, Gregory L. A1 - Heutink, Peter A1 - Denys, Damiaan A1 - Arnold, Paul D. A1 - Oostra, Ben A. A1 - Nestadt, Gerald A1 - Freimer, Nelson B. A1 - Pauls, David L. A1 - Wray, Naomi R. A1 - Stewart, S. Evelyn A1 - Mathews, Carol A. A1 - Knowles, James A. A1 - Cox, Nancy J. A1 - Scharf, Jeremiah M. T1 - Partitioning the Heritability of Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Reveals Differences in Genetic Architecture JF - PLoS Genetics N2 - The direct estimation of heritability from genome-wide common variant data as implemented in the program Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA) has provided a means to quantify heritability attributable to all interrogated variants. We have quantified the variance in liability to disease explained by all SNPs for two phenotypically-related neurobehavioral disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette Syndrome (TS), using GCTA. Our analysis yielded a heritability point estimate of 0.58 (se = 0.09, p = 5.64e-12) for TS, and 0.37 (se = 0.07, p = 1.5e-07) for OCD. In addition, we conducted multiple genomic partitioning analyses to identify genomic elements that concentrate this heritability. We examined genomic architectures of TS and OCD by chromosome, MAF bin, and functional annotations. In addition, we assessed heritability for early onset and adult onset OCD. Among other notable results, we found that SNPs with a minor allele frequency of less than 5% accounted for 21% of the TS heritability and 0% of the OCD heritability. Additionally, we identified a significant contribution to TS and OCD heritability by variants significantly associated with gene expression in two regions of the brain (parietal cortex and cerebellum) for which we had available expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Finally we analyzed the genetic correlation between TS and OCD, revealing a genetic correlation of 0.41 (se = 0.15, p = 0.002). These results are very close to previous heritability estimates for TS and OCD based on twin and family studies, suggesting that very little, if any, heritability is truly missing (i.e., unassayed) from TS and OCD GWAS studies of common variation. The results also indicate that there is some genetic overlap between these two phenotypically-related neuropsychiatric disorders, but suggest that the two disorders have distinct genetic architectures. KW - TIC disorders KW - missing heritability KW - complex diseases KW - neuropsychiatric disorders KW - common SNPS KW - gilles KW - family KW - brain KW - expression KW - autism Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127377 SN - 1553-7390 VL - 9 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dempfle, Astrid A1 - Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate A1 - Timmesfeld, Nina A1 - Schwarte, Reinhild A1 - Egberts, Karin M. A1 - Pfeiffer, Ernst A1 - Fleischhaker, Christian A1 - Wewetzer, Christoph A1 - Bühren, Katharina T1 - Predictors of the resumption of menses in adolescent anorexia nervosa JF - BMC Psychiatry N2 - Background: The resumption of menses is an important indicator of recovery in anorexia nervosa (AN). Patients with early-onset AN are at particularly great risk of suffering from the long-term physical and psychological consequences of persistent gonadal dysfunction. However, the clinical variables that predict the recovery of menstrual function during weight gain in AN remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of several clinical parameters on the resumption of menses in first-onset adolescent AN in a large, well-characterized, homogenous sample that was followed-up for 12 months. Methods: A total of 172 female adolescent patients with first-onset AN according to DSM-IV criteria were recruited for inclusion in a randomized, multi-center, German clinical trial. Menstrual status and clinical variables (i.e., premorbid body mass index (BMI), age at onset, duration of illness, duration of hospital treatment, achievement of target weight at discharge, and BMI) were assessed at the time of admission to or discharge from hospital treatment and at a 12-month follow-up. Based on German reference data, we calculated the percentage of expected body weight (%EBW), BMI percentile, and BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) for all time points to investigate the relationship between different weight measurements and resumption of menses. Results: Forty-seven percent of the patients spontaneously began menstruating during the follow-up period. %EBW at the 12-month follow-up was strongly correlated with the resumption of menses. The absence of menarche before admission, a higher premorbid BMI, discharge below target weight, and a longer duration of hospital treatment were the most relevant prognostic factors for continued amenorrhea. Conclusions: The recovery of menstrual function in adolescent patients with AN should be a major treatment goal to prevent severe long-term physical and psychological sequelae. Patients with premenarchal onset of AN are at particular risk for protracted amenorrhea despite weight rehabilitation. Reaching and maintaining a target weight between the 15th and 20th BMI percentile is favorable for the resumption of menses within 12 months. Whether patients with a higher premorbid BMI may benefit from a higher target weight needs to be investigated in further studies. KW - girls KW - amenorrhea KW - brain KW - increases KW - return KW - menarche KW - target weight KW - adolescence anorexia nervosa KW - resumption of menses KW - recovery KW - ovarian function KW - weight gain KW - eating disorders KW - bone-mineral density KW - menstrual recovery KW - outcome KW - body mass index Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-122106 VL - 13 IS - 308 ER -