TY - THES A1 - Mechtold, Ulrike T1 - Adjuvante Intensitätsmodulierte Radio-/ Radiochemotherapie maligner Tumoren im HNO-Bereich : Eine retrospektive monozentrische Analyse zu Akut- und Spät-Toxizitäten, der lokalen Kontrolle und des Überlebens, April 2007 bis Juli 2016 T1 - Adjuvant Intensity Modulated Radio/Radiochemotherapy of Malignant Head-and Neck-Tumors : A retrospective monocentric analysis of acute and late and late toxicities, local control, and survival. April 2007 to July 2016 N2 - Hintergrund: Etwa 75% der Patienten mit malignen Tumoren im Kopf-Hals-Bereich unterziehen sich im Verlauf ihrer Behandlung einer Strahlentherapie. Zwei Drittel befanden sich bei Erstdiagnose bereits im lokal fortgeschrittenem Stadium. Eine Weiterentwicklung der Bestrahlungstechniken zielt einerseits auf eine Verbesserung der Tumorkontrolle andererseits auf eine Präzisierung der Strahlenapplikation zur Minimierung von Akut- und Spätrektionen. Methode: In dieser Arbeit wurde ein Patientenklientel (118 Patienten (39 Frauen/79 Männer) untersucht, bei welchem aufgrund eines malignen Tumors im Kopf-Hals-Bereich eine kurative adjuvante intensitätsmodulierte Radiotherapie (IMRT) durchgeführt wurde (zweistufig 60/66Gy). 46,6 % der Patienten mit Tumoren im UICC-Stadium III und IV erhielten risikoadaptiert eine simultane Chemotherapie. Das Follow-Up der Dokumentation der Nebenwirkungen lag median bei 16 Monaten. Die minimale Nachbeobachtungszeit des Überlebens betrug 60 Monate. Ergebnisse: Das 3-Jahres- bzw. 5-Jahres-Gesamtüberleben des betrachteten Patientenkollektivs betrug 69,4 % bzw. 53,4 %. Bei 16 Patienten (13,9 %) wurden Fernmetastasen diagnostiziert. 17 Patienten (14,7 %) entwickelten ein lokales Tumorrezidiv. Die lokoregionäre Tumorkontrolle betrug 84,3 % nach 3 Jahren und 82,9 % nach 5 Jahren. Als stärkster Prognosefaktor erwies sich das prätherapeutische Gesamttumorvolumen von > 22ml. Die am häufigsten beobachtete höhergradige Frühtoxizität war die orale Mukositis Grad 3, die radiogene Dysphagie Grad 3 sowie Xerostomie Grad 3. Zum Zeitpunkt der Erfassung der Spätnebenwirkungen wurde bei 2,8 % (alleinige RT) bzw. bei 4,2 % (RCHT) der Patienten eine Xerostomie Grad-3 beobachtet. 5,4 % (RT) bzw. 12,5 % (RCHT) gaben eine Dysphagie Grad 3 an, 8,1 % (RT) bzw. 12,5 % (RCHT) beklagten noch Störungen der Nahrungsaufnahme Grad 3. 2,8 % (RT) bzw. 16,7 % (RCHT) boten eine Heiserkeit Grad 3. Schlussfolgerung: Die vorliegende Arbeit hat ein Patientenkollektiv untersucht, bei dem im Vergleich zu einer historischen Kohorte die Gesamtdosis im unmittelbaren Tumorbett angehoben wurde, bei gleichzeitiger Schonung der Umgebung durch die Technik der Intensitätsmodulierten Strahlentherapie (IMRT). Dies wirkte sich positiv in der Verträglichkeit aus. Bei aller Schwierigkeit von Kohortenvergleichen war festzustellen, dass eine moderate Verbesserung der Therapieresultate erreicht wurde und dass insbesondere historisch bekannte Risikofaktoren für Lokalrezidive (R-Status, Perinodale Invasion, Hämangiose) mit diesem Behandlungskonzept ihre Bedeutung zu verlieren scheinen. N2 - Background: Approximately 75% of patients with malignant tumors in the head and neck region undergo radiotherapy in the course of their treatment. Two thirds were already in a locally advanced stage at initial diagnosis. Further development of radiation techniques aims at improving tumor control on the one hand and at a more precise application of radiation to minimize acute and late regressions on the other hand. Methods: In this work, a patient clientele (118 patients (39 women/79 men)) was studied in whom curative adjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was performed (two-stage 60/66Gy) due to a malignant tumor in the head and neck region. 46.6% of patients with UICC stage III and IV tumors received risk-adapted concurrent chemotherapy. Median follow-up of adverse event documentation was 16 months. Minimum survival follow-up was 60 months. Results: The 3-year and 5-year overall survival of the patient population considered was 69.4% and 53.4%, respectively. Distant metastases were diagnosed in 16 patients (13.9%). 17 patients (14.7%) developed local tumor recurrence. Locoregional tumor control was 84.3% at 3 years and 82.9% at 5 years. Pretherapeutic total tumor volume of > 22ml proved to be the strongest prognostic factor. The most common higher grade early toxicity observed was grade 3 oral mucositis, grade 3 radiogenic dysphagia, and grade 3 xerostomia. At the time of recording late side effects, grade 3 xerostomia was observed in 2.8% (RT alone) or 4.2% (RCHT) of patients. 5.4% (RT) and 12.5% (RCHT), respectively, reported grade-3 dysphagia, and 8.1% (RT) and 12.5% (RCHT), respectively, still complained of grade-3 food intake disturbances. 2.8% (RT) and 16.7% (RCHT), respectively, offered grade-3 hoarseness. CONCLUSION: The present work examined a patient population in which the total dose was increased in the immediate tumor bed compared to a historical cohort, while sparing the surrounding area using the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique. This had a positive effect on tolerability. Despite all difficulties of cohort comparisons, it could be stated that a moderate improvement of the therapy results was achieved and that especially historically known risk factors for local recurrence (R-status, perinodal invasion, hemangiosis) seem to lose their importance with this treatment concept. KW - HNO-Tumore KW - adjuvante Radiotherapie KW - Intensitätsmodulierte Radiotherapie KW - Toxizitäten KW - lokale Tumorkontrolle Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280046 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nürnberg, Niklas T1 - Erfassung des Palliativbedarfs von hausärztlich versorgten Pflegeheimbewohnerinnen und -bewohnern mittels SPICT\(^{TM}\) und IPOS T1 - Assessment of the palliative care needs of nursing home residents treated by their general practitioner using SPICT\(^{TM}\) and IPOS N2 - Zur Erfassung des Palliativbedarfs von hausärztlich versorgten Pflegeheim-bewohnerinnen und -bewohnern wurden Heimleitungen von Pflegeeinrichtungen kontaktiert, in denen die drei teilnehmenden allgemeinmedizinischen Praxen in Würzburg Patientinnen und Patienten betreuten und um die Möglichkeit einer Befragung der Bewohnerinnen und Bewohner sowie der zuständigen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter gebeten. Die Instrumente SPICT-DETM und IPOS wurden darauf geprüft, ob sie zur Erfassung des Palliativbedarfs von hausärztlich versorgten Pflegeheimbewohnerinnen und -bewohnern geeignet sind und ob die Ergebnisse des SPICT-DETM und des IPOS vergleichbar sind. Weiterhin wurde überprüft, ob der SPICT-DETM für die Vorhersage einer Ein-Jahres-Mortalität von Pflegeheimbewohnerinnen und -bewohnern geeignet ist und es wurde die Selbst- und die Fremdeinschätzung mittels IPOS verglichen. N2 - In order to assess the palliative care needs of nursing home residents treated by their general practitioner, the management of nursing homes in which the three participating general medical practices in Würzburg (Germany) were caring for patients were contacted and asked for the opportunity to survey the residents and the responsible employees. The instruments SPICT-DETM and IPOS were examined to determine whether they are suitable for assessing the palliative care needs of nursing home residents who are cared for by their general practitioner and whether the results of the SPICT-DETM and the IPOS are comparable. Furthermore, it was checked whether the SPICT-DETM is suitable for predicting a one-year mortality of nursing home residents and the self- assessment and the external assessment using IPOS were compared. KW - Palliativpflege KW - SPICT KW - IPOS KW - Palliativbedarf KW - hausärztlich KW - Pflegeheimbewohnerin KW - Pflegeheimbewohner Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313071 ER - TY - THES A1 - Alban, Eva Nicole T1 - Ergebnisse der intraoperativen Boost-Bestrahlung (IORT) des Tumorbettes gefolgt von perkutaner Ganzbrustbestrahlung (WBRT) bei Mammakarzinompatientinnen T1 - Results of intraoperative boost radiotherapy (IORT) of the tumour bed followed by percutaneous whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) in breast cancer patients N2 - In dieser Arbeit wird die intraoperative Boost-Bestrahlung mit 9 oder 20 Gy bei Mammakarzinompatientinnen evaluiert. Es werden das onkologische Ergebnis, die bestrahlungsassoziierte Toxizität, das kosmetische Therapieergebnis und die Lebensqualität ausgewertet. Die Analyse bezieht sich auf 124 Fälle im frühen Brustkrebsstadium. N2 - This paper evaluates the use of intraoperative boost irradiation with 9 or 20 Gy in breast cancer patients. The study assesses the oncological outcome, radiation-associated toxicity, cosmetic therapeutic outcome and quality of life. The analysis refers to 124 cases of early-stage breast cancer. KW - Intraoperative Strahlentherapie KW - Brustkrebs KW - Toxizität KW - Lebensqualität KW - intraoperative Boostbestrahlung Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-317888 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hartmannsgruber, Johann T1 - Erfassung und Nutzen von Frailty in der Routine der Radioonkologie T1 - Routine Assessment and Use of Frailty in Radiation Oncology N2 - Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein Frailty-Screening mittels Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) bei 246 Patienten im Alter ≥70 Jahren in die klinische Routine der Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg eingeführt. Die prospektive Erhebung der CFS erfolgte nach entsprechender Schulung innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 6 Monaten im Rahmen des Erstgespräches vor fraktioniert perkutaner Radiatio. In einem sekundären Projektabschnitt wurden innerhalb eines Nachbeobachtungszeitraumes von insgesamt 365 Tagen nach Bestrahlungsbeginn Komplikationen retrospektiv erfasst. Nach entsprechender Mitarbeiterschulung wurde eine erfolgreiche Implementierung des Frailty-Screenings in die klinische Routine erzielt. In der schließenden statistischen Auswertung zeigte sich ein höheres Ausmaß an Frailty prädiktiv für einen komplikationsreichen Therapieverlauf. Dabei wurden akute Toxizität, Therapieabbrüche, stationäre Notaufnahmen, sowie ein Versterben analysiert. Abschließend wurde analysiert, ob sich innerhalb des ECOG Performance Status Subgruppen mittels Frailty identifizieren ließen. Dabei wurde ein besonderes Augenmerk auf das Vorliegen gebrechlicher Patienten innerhalb der Patientengruppen mit verhältnismäßig guter Funktion (ECOG 0 bzw. 1) gelegt. In Zusammenschau der Befunde des PS (ECOG) und CFS zeigten sich innerhalb der ECOG Grad 0 und Grad 1 eine heterogene Aufteilung „fitter“ bis „gebrechlicher" Patienten. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass ein Frailty-Screening mittels CFS nach entsprechender Schulung im radioonkologischen Alltag umsetzbar ist und in ein Gesamtkonzept eingebettet werden sollte. Aufgrund des prädiktiven Wertes in Bezug auf ein negatives Outcome und dem Vorliegen von Gebrechlichkeit auch bei Patienten mit verhältnismäßig gutem PS (ECOG 0, 1), könnten ältere Patienten von einem zusätzlichen Frailty-Screening profitieren, dies insbesondere im Hinblick auf die zunehmende Inanspruchnahme radioonkologischer Therapien. N2 - In this study, a frailty screening was implemented into the initial clinical outpatient examination at the Department of Radiation Oncology at the University Hospital in Würzburg using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Within a period of 6 months, 246 patients over the age of 70 were prospectively assessed prior to percutaneous fractionated radiotherapy. Up to 365 days after therapy, complications were retrospectively analyzed. After multiple training sessions, frailty screening was accurate. Statistical analysis indicated that frailty was a predictor of radiotherapy-associated complications, including acute toxicity, treatment interruption, emergency hospital admittance and death. Furthermore, subgroups were displayed within performance status (ECOG) using the CFS and frail patients were identified within those with better performance status (ECOG 0 and ECOG 1). This study succeeded in demonstrating successful implementation of frailty screening after training and underlines the predictive value of using frailty to identify patients with risk higher risk of negative outcome in radiotherapy. As frail patients may be concealed within groups with better performance status, patients may benefit from additional screening, especially when taking the rising age of patients undergoing radiotherapy into account. KW - Frailty KW - Gebrechlichkeit KW - Strahlentherapie KW - Radiation Oncology KW - Radioonkologie Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-319298 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Kaiser, Philipp A1 - Wohlleben, Gisela A1 - Gehrke, Thomas A1 - Scherzad, Agmal A1 - Scheich, Matthias A1 - Malzahn, Uwe A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Vordermark, Dirk A1 - Flentje, Michael T1 - Perioperative changes in osteopontin and TGFβ1 plasma levels and their prognostic impact for radiotherapy in head and neck cancer JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background: In head and neck cancer little is known about the kinetics of osteopontin (OPN) expression after tumor resection. In this study we evaluated the time course of OPN plasma levels before and after surgery. Methods: Between 2011 and 2013 41 consecutive head and neck cancer patients were enrolled in a prospective study (group A). At different time points plasma samples were collected: T0) before, T1) 1 day, T2) 1 week and T3) 4 weeks after surgery. Osteopontin and TGFβ1 plasma concentrations were measured with a commercial ELISA system. Data were compared to 131 head and neck cancer patients treated with primary (n = 42) or postoperative radiotherapy (n = 89; group B1 and B2). Results: A significant OPN increase was seen as early as 1 day after surgery (T0 to T1, p < 0.01). OPN levels decreased to base line 3-4 weeks after surgery. OPN values were correlated with postoperative TGFβ1 expression suggesting a relation to wound healing. Survival analysis showed a significant benefit for patients with lower OPN levels both in the primary and postoperative radiotherapy group (B1: 33 vs 11.5 months, p = 0.017, B2: median not reached vs 33.4, p = 0.031). TGFβ1 was also of prognostic significance in group B1 (33.0 vs 10.7 months, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Patients with head and neck cancer showed an increase in osteopontin plasma levels directly after surgery. Four weeks later OPN concentration decreased to pre-surgery levels. This long lasting increase was presumably associated to wound healing. Both pretherapeutic osteopontin and TGFβ1 had prognostic impact. KW - perioperative changes KW - osteopontin KW - TGFβ1 KW - head and neck cancer KW - survival Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157529 VL - 17 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brosch, Philippa K. A1 - Korsa, Tessa A1 - Taban, Danush A1 - Eiring, Patrick A1 - Hildebrand, Sascha A1 - Neubauer, Julia A1 - Zimmermann, Heiko A1 - Sauer, Markus A1 - Shirakashi, Ryo A1 - Djuzenova, Cholpon S. A1 - Sisario, Dmitri A1 - Sukhorukov, Vladimir L. T1 - Glucose and inositol transporters, SLC5A1 and SLC5A3, in glioblastoma cell migration JF - Cancers N2 - (1) Background: The recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is mainly due to invasion of the surrounding brain tissue, where organic solutes, including glucose and inositol, are abundant. Invasive cell migration has been linked to the aberrant expression of transmembrane solute-linked carriers (SLC). Here, we explore the role of glucose (SLC5A1) and inositol transporters (SLC5A3) in GBM cell migration. (2) Methods: Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we visualized the subcellular localization of SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 in two highly motile human GBM cell lines. We also employed wound-healing assays to examine the effect of SLC inhibition on GBM cell migration and examined the chemotactic potential of inositol. (3) Results: While GBM cell migration was significantly increased by extracellular inositol and glucose, it was strongly impaired by SLC transporter inhibition. In the GBM cell monolayers, both SLCs were exclusively detected in the migrating cells at the monolayer edge. In single GBM cells, both transporters were primarily localized at the leading edge of the lamellipodium. Interestingly, in GBM cells migrating via blebbing, SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 were predominantly detected in nascent and mature blebs, respectively. (4) Conclusion: We provide several lines of evidence for the involvement of SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 in GBM cell migration, thereby complementing the migration-associated transportome. Our findings suggest that SLC inhibition is a promising approach to GBM treatment. KW - volume regulation KW - transportome KW - phlorizin Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-297498 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 14 IS - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kimpel, Otilia A1 - Schindler, Paul A1 - Schmidt-Pennington, Laura A1 - Altieri, Barbara A1 - Megerle, Felix A1 - Haak, Harm A1 - Pittaway, James A1 - Dischinger, Ulrich A1 - Quinkler, Marcus A1 - Mai, Knut A1 - Kroiss, Matthias A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Fassnacht, Martin T1 - Efficacy and safety of radiation therapy in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma JF - British Journal of Cancer N2 - Background International guidelines emphasise the role of radiotherapy (RT) for the management of advanced adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). However, the evidence for this recommendation is very low. Methods We retrospectively analysed all patients who received RT for advanced ACC in five European centres since 2000. Primary endpoint: time to progression of the treated lesion (tTTP). Secondary endpoints: best objective response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), adverse events, and the establishment of predictive factors by Cox analyses. Results In total, 132 tumoural lesions of 80 patients were treated with conventional RT (cRT) of 50–60 Gy (n = 20) or 20–49 Gy (n = 69), stereotactic body RT of 35–50 Gy (SBRT) (n = 36), or brachytherapy of 12–25 Gy (BT) (n = 7). Best objective lesional response was complete (n = 6), partial (n = 52), stable disease (n = 60), progressive disease (n = 14). Median tTTP was 7.6 months (1.0–148.6). In comparison to cRT\(_{20-49Gy}\), tTTP was significantly longer for cRT\(_{50-60Gy}\) (multivariate adjusted HR 0.10; 95% CI 0.03–0.33; p < 0.001) and SBRT (HR 0.31; 95% CI 0.12–0.80; p = 0.016), but not for BT (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.22–1.99; p = 0.46). Toxicity was generally mild and moderate with three grade 3 events. No convincing predictive factors could be established. Conclusions This largest published study on RT in advanced ACC provides clear evidence that RT is effective in ACC. KW - adrenal tumours KW - adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) KW - radiotherapy (RT) Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324411 VL - 128 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mann, Daniel T1 - Empowerment bei Krebspatient:innen T1 - Empowerment with cancer patients N2 - Die Fragestellung, ob Question-Prompt-Lists (QPLs) interaktionales Empowerment fördern, wurde nach derzeitigem Kenntnisstand noch nicht untersucht. Bei QPLs handelt es sich um kurze Fragensets oder Kernfragen bezüglich der eigenen Erkrankung oder der Behandlung, die Patient:innen beispielsweise unmittelbar vor einem Aufklärungsgespräch erhalten, um sich aktiv auf dieses vorzubereiten. Der Nutzen einer solchen QPL konnte bereits in zahlreichen Studien belegt werden. Ebenso kommt der Thematik Empowerment bei der Behandlung von Krebspatient:innen eine wichtige Rolle zu: die Betroffenen sollen dahingehend ermutigt und bestärkt werden, sich aktiv mit der eigenen Erkrankung, deren Folgen und Behandlung auseinanderzusetzen, um so schließlich ein höheres Maß an Kontrolle und Lebensqualität zu erlangen. Ziel der Studie war es, den positiven Effekt einer QPL bezüglich des Empowerments der Teilnehmer:innen aufzuzeigen. Die Fragestellung dieser prospektiv randomisiert kontrollierten Studie war es, ob eine QPL einen signifikanten Effekt auf das Empowerment von Krebspatient:innen haben kann. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte in der Ambulanz für Strahlentherapie des Universitätsklinikums Würzburgs. Insgesamt konnten 279 Patient:innen in die Studie eingeschlossen werden, 140 Teilnehmer:innen in der Interventionsgruppe und 139 Teilnehmer:innen in der Kontrollgruppe, die nach Randomisierung jeweils ihrer Gruppe zugeteilt wurden. Die Patient:innen der Interventionsgruppe erhielten unmittelbar vor dem Gespräch mit dem behandelnden Arzt/ der behandelnden Ärztin eine QPL, anhand derer sie sich individuelle Fragen als Vorbereitung auf das Aufklärungsgespräch überlegen konnten, wohingegen die Teilnehmer:innen der Kontrollgruppe keine solche QPL erhielten. Die aufklärenden Ärzte/ Ärztinnen wussten jeweils nicht, welche Patient:innen zuvor eine QPL erhalten hatten. Nach dem Aufklärungsgespräch füllten beide Gruppen von Teilnehmer:innen dann einen Fragebogen aus, mit Hilfe dessen nach Addition der einzelnen Fragewerte zu einem Summen-Score das Maß an Empowerment gemessen werden sollte. Hierbei konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich der Mittelwert des Summen-Scores signifikant zwischen der Interventionsgruppe (M=21,7; SE=0,22; SD=2,65) und der Kontrollgruppe (M=20,8; SE=0,26; SD=3,08) bei einem Signifikanzlevel von alpha=0,05 und einer Effektgröße von d=0,29 (r=0,16): t(277)=2,71; p=0,007, 95% CI [-1,61, -0,26] unterschied. Außerdem konnte beim Vergleich der einzelnen Fragen des Auswertungsbogens selbst bei 4 von 8 Frageitems ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen Interventionsgruppe und Kontrollgruppe gezeigt werden. Hierbei handelte es sich um Fragen, die den Fokus auf die relationale, also die beziehungsorientierte Komponente des Aufklärungsgesprächs legten, im Gegensatz zu den Fragen, die den Fokus auf den reinen Zuwachs von Informationen, also die informative Komponente des Aufklärungsgesprächs legten. Somit kann abschließend von einem signifikanten Effekt der Intervention, dem Gebrauch einer QPL, in Bezug auf das Konstrukt Empowerment bei Krebspatient:innen ausgegangen werden. Mit der QPL konnte ein einfaches, gut durchführbares Instrument in den klinischen Alltag der Strahlenambulanz des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg implementiert werden, das von einem Großteil der Patient:innen gut angenommen und als hilfreich bewertet wurde.   N2 - The question whether Question-Prompt-Lists (QPLs) promote interactional empowerment has not been investigated to current knowledge. QPLs consist of short sets of questions or core questions regarding one's own illness or treatment, which patients receive immediately before an consultation for example to actively prepare themselves for it. The benefit of such QPLs has already been proven in numerous studies. Similarly, empowerment plays an important role in the treatment of cancer patients: those who are affected should be encouraged and empowered to actively engage with their illness, its consequences and treatment, finally aiming for a higher level of control and quality of life. The aim of the study was to investigate an positive effect of a QPL on the empowerment of participants. The objective of this prospective randomized controlled study was to determine, whether a QPL could have a significant effect on the empowerment of cancer patients. Data collection took place at the Outpatient Department for Radiotherapy at the University Hospital Würzburg. A total of 279 participants were included in the study, 140 participants in the intervention group and 139 participants in the control group, who were each assigned to their group after randomization. Patients in the intervention group received a QPL right before the consultation with the treating physician, allowing them to consider individual questions as preparation for the consulation, whereas participants in the control group did not receive such a QPL. The physicians were unaware of which patients had previously received a QPL. After the consulatation, both groups of participants completed a questionnaire, which, by adding the individual question values to form a sumscore, was intended to measure the level of empowerment. It was shown that the mean of the sumscore differed significantly between the intervention group (M=21.7; SE=0.22; SD=2.65) and the control group (M=20.8; SE=0.26; SD=3.08) at a significance level of alpha=0.05 and an effect size of d=0.29 (r=0.16): t(277)=2.71; p=0.007, 95% CI [-1.61, -0.26]. Additionally, when comparing the individual questions of the evaluation questionnaire, a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group was shown for 4 out of 8 question items. These questions focused on the relational component of the consulatation, in opposite to the questions focusing on the pure transfer of knowledge, i.e., the informative component of the consultation. Thus, in conclusion, a significant effect of the intervention, the use of a QPL, regarding the construct of empowerment with cancer patients, can be assumed. With the QPL, a simple, feasible instrument has been implemented into the clinical routine of the Outpatient Department of Radiotherapy at the University Hospital Würzburg, which was well accepted and rated as helpful by a majority of patients. KW - Question Prompt KW - Krebspatient:in KW - Krebskranker KW - Empowerment KW - Krebspatient Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-347524 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tamihardja, Jörg A1 - Lawrenz, Ingulf A1 - Lutyj, Paul A1 - Weick, Stefan A1 - Guckenberger, Matthias A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Flentje, Michael T1 - Propensity score-matched analysis comparing dose-escalated intensity-modulated radiation therapy versus external beam radiation therapy plus high-dose-rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer JF - Strahlentherapie und Onkologie N2 - Purpose Dose-escalated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and EBRT + high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) boost are guideline-recommended treatment options for localized prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to compare long-term outcome and toxicity of dose-escalated EBRT versus EBRT + HDR-BT boost. Methods From 2002 to 2019, 744 consecutive patients received either EBRT or EBRT + HDR-BT boost, of whom 516 patients were propensity score matched. Median follow-up was 95.3 months. Cone beam CT image-guided EBRT consisted of 33 fractions of intensity-modulated radiation therapy with simultaneous integrated boost up to 76.23 Gy (D\(_{Mean}\)). Combined treatment was delivered as 46 Gy (D\(_{Mean}\)) EBRT, followed by two fractions HDR-BT boost with 9 Gy (D\(_{90\%}\)). Propensity score matching was applied before analysis of the primary endpoint, estimated 10-year biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS), and the secondary endpoints metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS). Prognostic parameters were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard modelling. Genitourinary (GU)/gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity evaluation used the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (v5.0). Results The estimated 10-year bRFS was 82.0% vs. 76.4% (p = 0.075) for EBRT alone versus combined treatment, respectively. The estimated 10-year MFS was 82.9% vs. 87.0% (p = 0.195) and the 10-year OS was 65.7% vs. 68.9% (p = 0.303), respectively. Cumulative 5‑year late GU ≥ grade 2 toxicities were seen in 23.6% vs. 19.2% (p = 0.086) and 5‑year late GI ≥ grade 2 toxicities in 11.1% vs. 5.0% of the patients (p = 0.002); cumulative 5‑year late grade 3 GU toxicity occurred in 4.2% vs. 3.6% (p = 0.401) and GI toxicity in 1.0% vs. 0.3% (p = 0.249), respectively. Conclusion Both treatment groups showed excellent long-term outcomes with low rates of severe toxicity. KW - long-term outcome KW - dose escalation KW - high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost KW - propensity score matching KW - toxicity Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325055 VL - 198 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grabenbauer, Felix A1 - Flentje, Michael T1 - Salvage-Bestrahlung der Prostataloge: Mitbestrahlung der regionalen LK und Bedeutung der ADT JF - Strahlentherapie und Onkologie N2 - No abstract available. T2 - Salvage prostate bed radiotherapy: co-irradiation of regional LNs and significance of ADT KW - Salvage-Radiotherapie KW - Androgendeprivationstherapie KW - PBRT KW - ADT KW - Prostataloge KW - prostate bed radiotherapy KW - pelvic lymph node radiotherapy KW - PBRT KW - ADT KW - PLNRT KW - pelvine Lymphabflüsse Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325047 VL - 198 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shirakashi, Ryo A1 - Sisario, Dmitri A1 - Taban, Danush A1 - Korsa, Tessa A1 - Wanner, Sophia B. A1 - Neubauer, Julia A1 - Djuzenova, Cholpon S. A1 - Zimmermann, Heiko A1 - Sukhorukov, Vladimir L. T1 - Contraction of the rigor actomyosin complex drives bulk hemoglobin expulsion from hemolyzing erythrocytes JF - Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology N2 - Erythrocyte ghost formation via hemolysis is a key event in the physiological clearance of senescent red blood cells (RBCs) in the spleen. The turnover rate of millions of RBCs per second necessitates a rapid efflux of hemoglobin (Hb) from RBCs by a not yet identified mechanism. Using high-speed video-microscopy of isolated RBCs, we show that electroporation-induced efflux of cytosolic ATP and other small solutes leads to transient cell shrinkage and echinocytosis, followed by osmotic swelling to the critical hemolytic volume. The onset of hemolysis coincided with a sudden self-propelled cell motion, accompanied by cell contraction and Hb-jet ejection. Our biomechanical model, which relates the Hb-jet-driven cell motion to the cytosolic pressure generation via elastic contraction of the RBC membrane, showed that the contributions of the bilayer and the bilayer-anchored spectrin cytoskeleton to the hemolytic cell motion are negligible. Consistent with the biomechanical analysis, our biochemical experiments, involving extracellular ATP and the myosin inhibitor blebbistatin, identify the low abundant non-muscle myosin 2A (NM2A) as the key contributor to the Hb-jet emission and fast hemolytic cell motion. Thus, our data reveal a rapid myosin-based mechanism of hemolysis, as opposed to a much slower diffusive Hb efflux. KW - electroporation KW - cell velocimetry KW - hemoglobin jet KW - non-muscle myosin KW - echinocytes KW - cytoskeleton Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325107 VL - 22 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andratschke, N. A1 - Alheid, H. A1 - Allgäuer, M. A1 - Becker, G. A1 - Blanck, O. A1 - Boda-Heggemann, J. A1 - Brunner, T. A1 - Duma, M. A1 - Gerum, S. A1 - Guckenberger, M. A1 - Hildebrandt, G. A1 - Klement, R. J. A1 - Lewitzki, V. A1 - Ostheimer, C. A1 - Papachristofilou, A. A1 - Petersen, C. A1 - Schneider, T. A1 - Semrau, R. A1 - Wachter, S. A1 - Habermehl, D. T1 - The SBRT database initiative of the German Society for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO): patterns of care and outcome analysis of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for liver oligometastases in 474 patients with 623 metastases JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background The intent of this pooled analysis as part of the German society for radiation oncology (DEGRO) stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) initiative was to analyze the patterns of care of SBRT for liver oligometastases and to derive factors influencing treated metastases control and overall survival in a large patient cohort. Methods From 17 German and Swiss centers, data on all patients treated for liver oligometastases with SBRT since its introduction in 1997 has been collected and entered into a centralized database. In addition to patient and tumor characteristics, data on immobilization, image guidance and motion management as well as dose prescription and fractionation has been gathered. Besides dose response and survival statistics, time trends of the aforementioned variables have been investigated. Results In total, 474 patients with 623 liver oligometastases (median 1 lesion/patient; range 1–4) have been collected from 1997 until 2015. Predominant histologies were colorectal cancer (n = 213 pts.; 300 lesions) and breast cancer (n = 57; 81 lesions). All centers employed an SBRT specific setup. Initially, stereotactic coordinates and CT simulation were used for treatment set-up (55%), but eventually were replaced by CBCT guidance (28%) or more recently robotic tracking (17%). High variance in fraction (fx) number (median 1 fx; range 1–13) and dose per fraction (median: 18.5 Gy; range 3–37.5 Gy) was observed, although median BED remained consistently high after an initial learning curve. Median follow-up time was 15 months; median overall survival after SBRT was 24 months. One- and 2-year treated metastases control rate of treated lesions was 77% and 64%; if maximum isocenter biological equivalent dose (BED) was greater than 150 Gy EQD2Gy, it increased to 83% and 70%, respectively. Besides radiation dose colorectal and breast histology and motion management methods were associated with improved treated metastases control. Conclusion After an initial learning curve with regards to total cumulative doses, consistently high biologically effective doses have been employed translating into high local tumor control at 1 and 2 years. The true impact of histology and motion management method on treated metastases control deserve deeper analysis. Overall survival is mainly influenced by histology and metastatic tumor burden. KW - stereotactic body radiotherapy KW - liver oligometastases KW - outcome KW - treated metastases control KW - oligometastases KW - oligo-recurrence KW - sync-oligometastases Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221116 VL - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klement, Rainer J. A1 - Abbasi-Senger, N. A1 - Adebahr, S. A1 - Alheid, H. A1 - Allgaeuer, M. A1 - Becker, G. A1 - Blanck, O. A1 - Boda-Heggemann, J. A1 - Brunner, T. A1 - Duma, M. A1 - Eble, M. J. A1 - Ernst, I. A1 - Gerum, S. A1 - Habermehl, D. A1 - Hass, P. A1 - Henkenberens, C. A1 - Hildebrandt, G. A1 - Imhoff, D. A1 - Kahl, H. A1 - Klass, N. D. A1 - Krempien, R. A1 - Lewitzki, V. A1 - Lohaus, F. A1 - Ostheimer, C. A1 - Papachristofilou, A. A1 - Petersen, C. A1 - Rieber, J. A1 - Schneider, T. A1 - Schrade, E. A1 - Semrau, R. A1 - Wachter, S. A1 - Wittig, A. A1 - Guckenberger, M. A1 - Andratschke, N. T1 - The impact of local control on overall survival after stereotactic body radiotherapy for liver and lung metastases from colorectal cancer: a combined analysis of 388 patients with 500 metastases JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background The aim of this analysis was to model the effect of local control (LC) on overall survival (OS) in patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for liver or lung metastases from colorectal cancer. Methods The analysis is based on pooled data from two retrospective SBRT databases for pulmonary and hepatic metastases from 27 centers from Germany and Switzerland. Only patients with metastases from colorectal cancer were considered to avoid histology as a confounding factor. An illness-death model was employed to model the relationship between LC and OS. Results Three hundred eighty-eight patients with 500 metastatic lesions (lung n = 209, liver n = 291) were included and analyzed. Median follow-up time for local recurrence assessment was 12.1 months. Ninety-nine patients with 112 lesions experienced local failure. Seventy-one of these patients died after local failure. Median survival time was 27.9 months in all patients and 25.4 months versus 30.6 months in patients with and without local failure after SBRT. The baseline risk of death after local failure exceeds the baseline risk of death without local failure at 10 months indicating better survival with LC. Conclusion In CRC patients with lung or liver metastases, our findings suggest improved long-term OS by achieving metastatic disease control using SBRT in patients with a projected OS estimate of > 12 months. KW - colorectal cancer KW - illness-death model KW - liver metastases KW - lung metastases KW - tumor control probability KW - stereotactic body radiation therapy Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325877 VL - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wegener, Sonja A1 - Herzog, Barbara A1 - Sauer, Otto A. T1 - Detector response in the buildup region of small MV fields JF - Medical Physics N2 - Purpose: The model used to calculate dose distributions in a radiotherapy treatment plan relies on the data entered during beam commissioning. The quality of these data heavily depends on the detector choice made, especially in small fields and in the buildup region. Therefore, it is necessary to identify suitable detectors for measurements in the buildup region of small fields. To aid the understanding of a detector's limitations, several factors that influence the detector signal are to be analyzed, for example, the volume effect due to the detector size, the response to electron contamination, the signal dependence on the polarity used, and the effective point of measurement chosen. Methods: We tested the suitability of different small field detectors for measurements of depth dose curves with a special focus on the surface‐near area of dose buildup for fields sized between 10 × 10 and 0.6 × 0.6 cm\(^{2}\). Depth dose curves were measured with 14 different detectors including plane‐parallel chambers, thimble chambers of different types and sizes, shielded and unshielded diodes as well as a diamond detector. Those curves were compared with depth dose curves acquired on Gafchromic film. Additionally, the magnitude of geometric volume corrections was estimated from film profiles in different depths. Furthermore, a lead foil was inserted into the beam to reduce contaminating electrons and to study the resulting changes of the detector response. The role of the effective point of measurement was investigated by quantifying the changes occurring when shifting depth dose curves. Last, measurements for the small ionization chambers taken at opposing biasing voltages were compared to study polarity effects. Results: Depth‐dependent correction factors for relative depth dose curves with different detectors were derived. Film, the Farmer chamber FC23, a 0.13 cm\(^{3}\) scanning chamber CC13 and a plane‐parallel chamber PPC05 agree very well in fields sized 4 × 4 and 10 × 10 cm\(^{2}\). For most detectors and in smaller fields, depth dose curves differ from the film. In general, shielded diodes require larger corrections than unshielded diodes. Neither the geometric volume effect nor the electron contamination can account for the detector differences. The biggest uncertainty arises from the positioning of a detector with respect to the water surface and from the choice of the detector's effective point of measurement. Depth dose curves acquired with small ionization chambers differ by over 15% in the buildup region depending on sign of the biasing voltage used. Conclusions: A scanning chamber or a PPC40 chamber is suitable for fields larger than 4 × 4 cm\(^{2}\). Below that field size, the microDiamond or small ionization chambers perform best requiring the smallest corrections at depth as well as in the buildup region. Diode response changes considerably between the different types of detectors. The position of the effective point of measurement has a huge effect on the resulting curves, therefore detector specific rather than general shifts of half the inner radius of cylindrical ionization chambers for the effective point of measurement should be used. For small ionization chambers, averaging between both polarities is necessary for data obtained near the surface. KW - buildup region KW - diode KW - dosimetry KW - microionization chambers KW - percent depth dose curves Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214228 VL - 47 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weick, Stefan A1 - Breuer, Kathrin A1 - Richter, Anne A1 - Exner, Florian A1 - Ströhle, Serge-Peer A1 - Lutyj, Paul A1 - Tamihardja, Jörg A1 - Veldhoen, Simon A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Polat, Bülent T1 - Non-rigid image registration of 4D-MRI data for improved delineation of moving tumors JF - BMC Medical Imaging N2 - Background To increase the image quality of end-expiratory and end-inspiratory phases of retrospective respiratory self-gated 4D MRI data sets using non-rigid image registration for improved target delineation of moving tumors. Methods End-expiratory and end-inspiratory phases of volunteer and patient 4D MRI data sets are used as targets for non-rigid image registration of all other phases using two different registration schemes: In the first, all phases are registered directly (dir-Reg) while next neighbors are successively registered until the target is reached in the second (nn-Reg). Resulting data sets are quantitatively compared using diaphragm and tumor sharpness and the coefficient of variation of regions of interest in the lung, liver, and heart. Qualitative assessment of the patient data regarding noise level, tumor delineation, and overall image quality was performed by blinded reading based on a 4 point Likert scale. Results The median coefficient of variation was lower for both registration schemes compared to the target. Median dir-Reg coefficient of variation of all ROIs was 5.6% lower for expiration and 7.0% lower for inspiration compared with nn-Reg. Statistical significant differences between the two schemes were found in all comparisons. Median sharpness in inspiration is lower compared to expiration sharpness in all cases. Registered data sets were rated better compared to the targets in all categories. Over all categories, mean expiration scores were 2.92 +/- 0.18 for the target, 3.19 +/- 0.22 for nn-Reg and 3.56 +/- 0.14 for dir-Reg and mean inspiration scores 2.25 +/- 0.12 for the target, 2.72 +/- 215 0.04 for nn-Reg and 3.78 +/- 0.04 for dir-Reg. Conclusions In this work, end-expiratory and inspiratory phases of a 4D MRI data sets are used as targets for non-rigid image registration of all other phases. It is qualitatively and quantitatively shown that image quality of the targets can be significantly enhanced leading to improved target delineation of moving tumors. KW - 4D-MRI KW - Non-rigid image registration KW - Radiotherapy treatment planning KW - Respiratory induced tumor motion Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229271 VL - 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Wohlleben, Gisela A1 - Kosmala, Rebekka A1 - Lisowski, Dominik A1 - Mantel, Frederick A1 - Lewitzki, Victor A1 - Löhr, Mario A1 - Blum, Robert A1 - Herud, Petra A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Monoranu, Camelia-Maria T1 - Differences in stem cell marker and osteopontin expression in primary and recurrent glioblastoma JF - Cancer Cell International N2 - Background Despite of a multimodal approach, recurrences can hardly be prevented in glioblastoma. This may be in part due to so called glioma stem cells. However, there is no established marker to identify these stem cells. Methods Paired samples from glioma patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for expression of the following stem cell markers: CD133, Musashi, Nanog, Nestin, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), and sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2). In addition, the expression of osteopontin (OPN) was investigated. The relative number of positively stained cells was determined. By means of Kaplan–Meier analysis, a possible association with overall survival by marker expression was investigated. Results Sixty tissue samples from 30 patients (17 male, 13 female) were available for analysis. For Nestin, Musashi and OPN a significant increase was seen. There was also an increase (not significant) for CD133 and Oct4. Patients with mutated Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-1/2 (IDH-1/2) status had a reduced expression for CD133 and Nestin in their recurrent tumors. Significant correlations were seen for CD133 and Nanog between OPN in the primary and recurrent tumor and between CD133 and Nestin in recurrent tumors. By confocal imaging we could demonstrate a co-expression of CD133 and Nestin within recurrent glioma cells. Patients with high CD133 expression had a worse prognosis (22.6 vs 41.1 months, p = 0.013). A similar trend was seen for elevated Nestin levels (24.9 vs 41.1 months, p = 0.08). Conclusions Most of the evaluated markers showed an increased expression in their recurrent tumor. CD133 and Nestin were associated with survival and are candidate markers for further clinical investigation. KW - Glioblastoma KW - Glioma stem cells KW - Osteopontin KW - CD133 KW - Nestin Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301240 SN - 1475-2867 VL - 22 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wegener, Sonja A1 - Sauer, Otto A. T1 - The effective point of measurement for depth-dose measurements in small MV photon beams with different detectors JF - Medical Physics N2 - Purpose: The effective point of measurement (EPOM) of cylindrical ionization chambers differs from their geometric center. The exact shift depends on chamber construction details, above all the chamber size, and to some degree on the field-size and beam quality. It generally decreases as the chamber dimensions get smaller. In this work, effective points of measurement in small photon fields of a range of cylindrical chambers of different sizes are investigated, including small chambers that have not been studied previously. Methods: In this investigation, effective points of measurement for different ionization chambers (Farmer type, scanning chambers, micro-ionization chambers) and solid state detectors were determined by measuring depth-ionization curves in a 6 MV beam in field sizes between 2 9 2 cm2 and 10 9 10 cm2 and comparing those curves with curves measured with plane-parallel chambers. Results: It was possible to average the results to one shift per detector, as the results were sufficiently independent of the studied field sizes. For cylindrical ion chambers, shifts of the EPOM were determined to be between 0.49 and 0.30 times the inner chamber radius from the reference point. Conclusions: We experimentally confirmed the previously reported decrease of the EPOM shift with decreasing detector size. Highly accurate data for a large range of detectors, including new very small ones, were determined. Thus, small chambers noticeably differ from the 0.5-times to 0.6-times the inner chamber radius recommendations in current dosimetry protocols. The detector-individual EPOMs need to be considered for measurements of depth-dose curves. KW - depth dose curves KW - effective point of measurement KW - ionization chambers KW - micro-chambers Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-206148 VL - 46 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wegener, Sonja A1 - Schindhelm, Robert A1 - Sauer, Otto A. T1 - Implementing corrections of isocentric shifts for the stereotactic irradiation of cerebral targets: Clinical validation JF - Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics N2 - Purpose: Any Linac will show geometric imprecisions, including non-ideal alignment of the gantry, collimator and couch axes, and gantry sag or wobble. Their angular dependence can be quantified and resulting changes of the dose distribution predicted (Wack, JACMP 20(5), 2020). We analyzed whether it is feasible to correct geometric shifts during treatment planning. The successful implementation of such a correction procedure was verified by measurements of different stereotactic treatment plans. Methods: Isocentric shifts were quantified for two Elekta Synergy Agility Linacs using the QualiForMed ISO-CBCT+ module, yielding the shift between kV and MV isocenters, the gantry flex and wobble as well as the positions of couch and collimator rotation axes. Next, the position of each field's isocenter in the Pinnacle treatment planning system was adjusted accordingly using a script. Fifteen stereotactic treatment plans of cerebral metastases (0.34 to 26.53 cm3) comprising 9–11 beams were investigated; 54 gantry and couch combinations in total. Unmodified plans and corrected plans were measured using the Sun Nuclear SRS-MapCHECK with the Stereophan phantom and evaluated using gamma analysis. Results: Geometric imprecisions, such as shifts of up to 0.8 mm between kV and MV isocenter, a couch rotation axis 0.9 mm off the kV isocente,r and gantry flex with an amplitude of 1.1 mm, were found. For eight, mostly small PTVs D98 values declined more than 5% by simulating these shifts. The average gamma (2%/2 mm, absolute, global, 20% threshold) was reduced from 0.53 to 0.31 (0.32 to 0.30) for Linac 1 (Linac 2) when including the isocentric corrections. Thus, Linac 1 reached the accuracy level of Linac 2 after correction. Conclusion: Correcting for Linac geometric deviations during the planning process is feasible and was dosimetrically validated. The dosimetric impact of the geometric imperfections can vary between Linacs and should be assessed and corrected where necessary. KW - isocenter KW - quality assurance KW - stereotactic irradiation Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312906 VL - 23 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Djuzenova, Cholpon S. A1 - Fiedler, Vanessa A1 - Memmel, Simon A1 - Katzer, Astrid A1 - Sisario, Dmitri A1 - Brosch, Philippa K. A1 - Göhrung, Alexander A1 - Frister, Svenja A1 - Zimmermann, Heiko A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Sukhorukov, Vladimir L. T1 - Differential effects of the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 on migration and radiation sensitivity of glioblastoma cells JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background Most tumor cells show aberrantly activated Akt which leads to increased cell survival and resistance to cancer radiotherapy. Therefore, targeting Akt can be a promising strategy for radiosensitization. Here, we explore the impact of the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 alone and in combination with the dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor PI-103 on the radiation sensitivity of glioblastoma cells. In addition, we examine migration of drug-treated cells. Methods Using single-cell tracking and wound healing migration tests, colony-forming assay, Western blotting, flow cytometry and electrorotation we examined the effects of MK-2206 and PI-103 and/or irradiation on the migration, radiation sensitivity, expression of several marker proteins, DNA damage, cell cycle progression and the plasma membrane properties in two glioblastoma (DK-MG and SNB19) cell lines, previously shown to differ markedly in their migratory behavior and response to PI3K/mTOR inhibition. Results We found that MK-2206 strongly reduces the migration of DK-MG but only moderately reduces the migration of SNB19 cells. Surprisingly, MK-2206 did not cause radiosensitization, but even increased colony-forming ability after irradiation. Moreover, MK-2206 did not enhance the radiosensitizing effect of PI-103. The results appear to contradict the strong depletion of p-Akt in MK-2206-treated cells. Possible reasons for the radioresistance of MK-2206-treated cells could be unaltered or in case of SNB19 cells even increased levels of p-mTOR and p-S6, as compared to the reduced expression of these proteins in PI-103-treated samples. We also found that MK-2206 did not enhance IR-induced DNA damage, neither did it cause cell cycle distortion, nor apoptosis nor excessive autophagy. Conclusions Our study provides proof that MK-2206 can effectively inhibit the expression of Akt in two glioblastoma cell lines. However, due to an aberrant activation of mTOR in response to Akt inhibition in PTEN mutated cells, the therapeutic window needs to be carefully defined, or a combination of Akt and mTOR inhibitors should be considered. KW - DNA damage KW - glioblastoma multiforme KW - histone H2AX KW - irradiation KW - migration KW - mTOR KW - PTEN KW - p53 KW - radiation sensitivity KW - wound healing Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200290 VL - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Marcus A1 - Richter, Anne A1 - Weick, Stefan A1 - Exner, Florian A1 - Mantel, Frederick A1 - Diefenhardt, Markus A1 - Fokas, Emmanouil A1 - Kosmala, Rebekka A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Polat, Bülent T1 - Acute toxicities of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with intensified chemoradiotherapy within the CAO/ARO/AIO-12 trial: comparing conventional versus VMAT planning at a single center JF - Scientific Reports N2 - In locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is regarded as standard treatment. We assessed acute toxicities in patients receiving conventional 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3D-RT) and correlated them with dosimetric parameters after re-planning with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Patients were randomized within the multicenter CAO/ARO/AIO-12 trial and received 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions and simultaneous chemotherapy with fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. Organs at risk (OAR) were contoured in a standardized approach. Acute toxicities and dose volume histogram parameters of 3D-RT plans were compared to retrospectively calculated VMAT plans. From 08/2015 to 01/2018, 35 patients with LARC were treated at one study center. Thirty-four patients were analyzed of whom 1 (3%) was UICC stage II and 33 (97%) patients were UICC stage III. Grade 3 acute toxicities occurred in 5 patients (15%). Patients with acute grade 1 cystitis (n = 9) had significantly higher D\(_{mean}\) values for bladder (29.4 Gy vs. 25.2 Gy, p < 0.01) compared to patients without bladder toxicities. Acute diarrhea was associated with small bowel volume (grade 2: 870.1 ccm vs. grade 0–1: 647.3 ccm; p < 0.01) and with the irradiated volumes V5 to V50. Using VMAT planning, we could reduce mean doses and irradiated volumes for all OAR: D\(_{mean}\) bladder (21.9 Gy vs. 26.3 Gy, p < 0.01), small bowel volumes V5–V45 (p < 0.01), D\(_{mean}\) anal sphincter (34.6 Gy vs. 35.6 Gy, p < 0.01) and D\(_{mean}\) femoral heads (right 11.4 Gy vs. 25.9 Gy, left 12.5 Gy vs. 26.6 Gy, p < 0.01). Acute small bowel and bladder toxicities were dose and volume dependent. Dose and volume sparing for all OAR could be achieved through VMAT planning and might result in less acute toxicities. KW - radiotherapy KW - rectal cancer Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301255 VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prieto‐Garcia, Cristian A1 - Hartmann, Oliver A1 - Reissland, Michaela A1 - Braun, Fabian A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Walz, Susanne A1 - Schülein‐Völk, Christina A1 - Eilers, Ursula A1 - Ade, Carsten P. A1 - Calzado, Marco A. A1 - Orian, Amir A1 - Maric, Hans M. A1 - Münch, Christian A1 - Rosenfeldt, Mathias A1 - Eilers, Martin A1 - Diefenbacher, Markus E. T1 - Maintaining protein stability of ∆Np63 via USP28 is required by squamous cancer cells JF - EMBO Molecular Medicine N2 - The transcription factor ∆Np63 is a master regulator of epithelial cell identity and essential for the survival of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of lung, head and neck, oesophagus, cervix and skin. Here, we report that the deubiquitylase USP28 stabilizes ∆Np63 and maintains elevated ∆NP63 levels in SCC by counteracting its proteasome‐mediated degradation. Impaired USP28 activity, either genetically or pharmacologically, abrogates the transcriptional identity and suppresses growth and survival of human SCC cells. CRISPR/Cas9‐engineered in vivo mouse models establish that endogenous USP28 is strictly required for both induction and maintenance of lung SCC. Our data strongly suggest that targeting ∆Np63 abundance via inhibition of USP28 is a promising strategy for the treatment of SCC tumours. KW - ∆Np63 KW - NOTCH KW - squamous cell carcinoma KW - 28 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218303 VL - 12 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Warm, Tobias Dominik T1 - Einstellung von Pflegeheimbewohnenden zur vorausschauenden Versorgungsplanung T1 - Attitudes of nursing home residents towards advance care planning N2 - Hintergrund: Aufgrund des demographischen Wandels nimmt der Anteil der Pflegebedürftigen in Deutschland zu. Aktuelle Erhebungen zeigen, dass der Einzug in stationäre Pflegeeinrichtungen erst in höherem Lebensalter und bei steigenden Komorbiditäten erfolgt, womit ein erhöhter Bedarf an medizinischer und pflegerischer Versorgung einhergeht. Ziele der Studie: Durch die Befragung der Pflegeheimbewohnenden sollten Erkenntnisse über eine bereits erfolgte Vorsorgedokumentation und deren Versorgungswünsche am Lebensende gewonnen werden. Methodik: Es wurde eine multizentrische, explorative Beobachtungsstudie als Vollerhebung in elf bayerischen Pflegeeinrichtungen durchgeführt. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte vor Ort durch den Promovierenden mittels eines standardisierten Fragebogens im Zeitraum von April 2018 bis Mai 2019. Im Zuge der statistischen Auswertung wurden deskriptive Statistiken erstellt, Gruppenunterschiede wurden zweiseitig mittels Fisher-Exakt-Test auf Unabhängigkeit hin überprüft und paarweise Gruppenvergleiche durch binäre logistische Regression durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Von 1207 wurden 269 (22,3 %) Pflegeheimbewohnende in die Studie eingeschlossen. Von den Studienteilnehmenden hatten sich 55 % bereits intensiver mit dem eigenen Sterben auseinandergesetzt. 50,9 % der Pflegeheimbewohnenden wünschten im Falle einer zum Tode führenden Erkrankung eine alleinige pflegerische und medizinische Versorgung in der Einrichtung. 19,7 % wünschten in diesem Fall eine Klinikeinweisung, aber den Verzicht auf Anwendung invasiver Therapiemaßnahmen. Ein Wunschsterbeort lag bei 65,4 % der Pflegeheimbewohnenden vor. Von diesen wünschten 76,7 % in der Pflegeeinrichtung zu versterben. 71,7 % der Pflegeheimbewohnenden wünschten, nicht allein zu versterben. Über ihre Versorgungswünsche hatten bereits 45,7 % aller Studienteilnehmenden eine andere Person, mehrheitlich die eigenen Angehörigen, informiert. 49,1 % der Pflegeheimbewohnenden wünschten sich eine Erfassung der Versorgungswünsche direkt bei Einzug in die Einrichtung. In 63,6 % der Fälle lag mindestens ein schriftliches Vorsorgedokument vor. Eine Patientenverfügung hatten 45,5 %, eine Vorsorgevollmacht 46,5 % der Pflegeheimbewohnenden verfasst. Schlussfolgerungen: Pflegeheimbewohnende haben mehrheitlich konkrete Vorstellungen für ihre Versorgung am Lebensende. Die vorhandenen Versorgungswünsche sollten auf Wunsch der Pflegeheimbewohnenden erfasst werden, um eine entsprechende Versorgung auch im Falle einer eintretenden Einwilligungsunfähigkeit zu ermöglichen. Der Zeitpunkt der Erfassung der Versorgungswünsche sollte im Hinblick auf das steigende Lebensalter bei Einzug in deutsche Pflegeeinrichtungen und auf die altersbedingt steigende Rate an kognitiven Einschränkungen möglichst frühzeitig gewählt werden. Hierbei stellen Konzepte der vorausschauenden Versorgungsplanung eine Möglichkeit dar, um einen Dialog zwischen den beteiligten Akteuren zu ermöglichen. N2 - Background: Due to demographic change, the proportion of people in need of long-term care in Germany is increasing. Current surveys show that people only move into inpatient care facilities at an older age and with increasing comorbidities, which is accompanied by an increased need for medical and nursing care. Aims of the study: The survey of nursing home residents was intended to gain insights into existing precautionary documentation and their wishes for care at the end of life. Material and Methods: A multicentre explorative observational study was conducted as a full survey in eleven Bavarian care facilities. Data collection was carried out on site by the PhD student using a standardised questionnaire in the period from April 2018 to May 2019. During statistical analysis, descriptive statistics were compiled, group differences were tested two-sided for independence using Fisher’s exact test and pairwise group comparisons were carried out using binary logistic regression. Results: Out of 1207, 269 (22.3%) nursing home residents were included in the study. Of the study participants, 55% had already dealt more intensively with their own dying. 50.9% of the nursing home residents wanted sole nursing and medical care in the facility in the event of an illness leading to death. In this case, 19.7% wanted to be admitted to hospital, but did not want invasive therapy measures to be used. A desired place of death was present in 65.4% of the nursing home residents. Of these, 76.7% wished to die in the nursing home. 71.7% of the nursing home residents did not wish to die alone. 45.7% of all study participants had already informed another person, mostly their own relatives, about their care wishes. 49.1% of the nursing home residents wanted their care wishes to be recorded directly when they moved into the facility. In 63.6% of the cases, at least one written advance directive was available. 45.5% of the nursing home residents had written a living will, 46.5% a health care proxy. Conclusions: The majority of nursing home residents have concrete ideas about their care at the end of life. The existing care wishes should be recorded at the request of the nursing home residents in order to enable appropriate care even in the event of incapacity to consent. The time of recording the care wishes should be chosen as early as possible in view of the increasing age at the time of moving into German nursing homes and the age-related increase in the rate of cognitive impairments. Here, concepts of advance care planning are a possibility to enable a dialogue between the actors involved. KW - Versorgungsplanung KW - Pflegeheim KW - Patientenverfügung KW - Vorsorgevollmacht KW - Betreuungsverfügung KW - Advance Care Planning KW - Pflegeheimbewohnende KW - Versorgungswünsche KW - Shared Decision Making Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323739 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wegener, Sonja A1 - Sauer, Otto A. T1 - Electrometer offset current due to scattered radiation JF - Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics N2 - Relative dose measurements with small ionization chambers in combination with an electrometer placed in the treatment room (“internal electrometer”) show a large dependence on the polarity used. While this was observed previously for percent depth dose curves (PDDs), the effect has not been understood or preventable. To investigate the polarity dependence of internal electrometers used in conjunction with a small‐volume ionization chamber, we placed an internal electrometer at a distance of 1 m from the isocenter and exposed it to different amounts of scattered radiation by varying the field size. We identified irradiation of the electrometer to cause a current of approximately −1 pA, regardless of the sign of the biasing voltage. For low‐sensitivity detectors, such a current noticeably distorts relative dose measurements. To demonstrate how the current systematically changes PDDs, we collected measurements with nine ionization chambers of different volumes. As the chamber volume decreased, signal ratios at 20 and 10 cm depth (M20/M10) became smaller for positive bias voltage and larger for negative bias voltage. At the size of the iba CC04 (40 mm\(^{3}\)) the difference of M20/M10 was around 1% and for the smallest studied chamber, the iba CC003 chamber (3 mm\(^{3}\)), around 7% for a 10 × 10 cm² field. When the electrometer was moved further from the source or shielded, the additional current decreased. Consequently, PDDs at both polarities were brought into alignment at depth even for the 3 mm\(^{3}\) ionization chamber. The apparent polarity effect on PDDs and lateral beam profiles was reduced considerably by shielding the electrometer. Due to normalization the effect on output values was low. When measurements with a low‐sensitivity probe are carried out in conjunction with an internal electrometer, we recommend careful monitoring of the particular setup by testing both polarities, and if deemed necessary, we suggest shielding the electrometer. KW - electrometer KW - micro-ionization chambers KW - polarity KW - relative dosimetry KW - scatter radiation Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176137 VL - 19 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rabe, A. A1 - van Oorschot, B. A1 - Jentschke, E. T1 - Suizidalität bei Krebspatienten JF - Der Onkologe N2 - Hintergrund Die Diagnose Krebs und ihre Behandlung kann eine große Belastung für die Betroffenen darstellen. Neben körperlichen Beschwerden kann auch die Psyche in Mitleidenschaft gezogen werden. Fehlt es an entsprechenden Bewältigungsstrategien, kann der selbstbestimmte Tod als einziger Ausweg erscheinen. Ziel und Fragestellung Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit zur Suizidalität bei Krebspatienten befasst sich mit einem Thema, das in der Forschung und Praxis in Deutschland nur wenig Aufmerksamkeit findet. Material und Methoden Eine themenbezogene Literaturrecherche stellt die Basis der Arbeit dar. Ergebnisse Todeswünsche unter Krebspatienten sind nicht selten und können Suizidgedanken/-absichten beinhalten. Psychische Beschwerden, insbesondere Hoffnungslosigkeit und Depression, sind ernstzunehmende Risikofaktoren. Das Erkennen einer hohen psychischen Belastung/von Todeswünschen ist ein wichtiger Aspekt für die Suizidprävention. Für die Praxis empfiehlt sich zunächst die Verwendung von Fragebögen. Bei auffälligen Werten muss die Suizidalität proaktiv in einem persönlichen Gespräch exploriert werden. Betroffene sind meist ambivalent bezüglich ihrer Entscheidung für oder gegen das Leben. Dies stellt eine große Chance für Interventionen dar. Schlussfolgerungen Suizidalität kann verhindert werden, wenn die hohe Belastung erkannt wird. Bereits das Gespräch zwischen Arzt und Patient über Todeswünsche kann eine erste Entlastung darstellen. N2 - Background The diagnosis of cancer and its treatment can be a great strain for the affected patients. In addition to physical complaints, the psyche can also be gravely compromised. In the absence of appropriate coping strategies, self-determined death may appear to be the only way out. Objective The current review article on suicidality in cancer patients addresses a topic that receives little attention in research and practice in Germany. Materials and methods A topic-related literature search is the basis of the work. Results Death wishes among cancer patients are not rare and may include suicidal thoughts/intentions. Psychological complaints, especially hopelessness and depression, are serious risk factors. Recognition of a high level of psychological distress/death wish is an important aspect of suicide prevention. In practice, the use of questionnaires is initially recommended. In the case of conspicuous values, suicidal tendencies must be proactively explored in a personal interview. Those affected are usually ambivalent about their decision for or against life. This represents a great opportunity for interventions. Conclusion Suicidality can be prevented if the high burden is recognized. Even the conversation between doctor and patient about death wishes can provide initial relief. KW - coping skills KW - behavior and behaviormechanisms KW - attitude to death KW - emotional regulation KW - psychological distress KW - Bewältigungsfähigkeiten KW - Verhalten und Verhaltensmechanismen KW - Einstellung zum Tod KW - Emotionsregulierung KW - psychischer Stress Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232401 SN - Suizidalität bei Krebspatienten VL - 26 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zehner, Leonie Constanze T1 - Evaluierung der Rezidivbestrahlung des Prostatakarzinoms T1 - Evaluation of recurrent radiation therapy for prostate cancer N2 - Es erfolgte eine Evaluierung von Bestrahlungsdaten aus der Strahlentherapie der Universitätsklinik Würzburg von 435 Patienten mit biochemischen oder klinischen Rezidiv des Prostatakarzinoms. Der primäre Endpunkt war das biochemisch rezidivfreie Überleben. Sekundäre Endpunkte waren das Auftreten von Fernmetastasen und das Versterben der Patienten. Zudem wurde der Einfluss patienten-, tumor-, und behandlungsspezifischer Faktoren überprüft. N2 - Radiation data from radiotherapy at the University Hospital of Würzburg from 435 patients with biochemical or clinical recurrence of prostate cancer were evaluated. The primary endpoint was biochemical recurrence-free survival. Secondary endpoints were the occurrence of distant metastases and the death of the patients. In addition, the influence of patient-, tumor- and treatment-specific factors was examined. KW - Prostata KW - Rezidiv KW - Bestrahlung KW - Rezidivbestrahlung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-351230 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietzsch, Stefan A1 - Braesigk, Annett A1 - Seidel, Clemens A1 - Remmele, Julia A1 - Kitzing, Ralf A1 - Schlender, Tina A1 - Mynarek, Martin A1 - Geismar, Dirk A1 - Jablonska, Karolina A1 - Schwarz, Rudolf A1 - Pazos, Montserrat A1 - Weber, Damien C. A1 - Frick, Silke A1 - Gurtner, Kristin A1 - Matuschek, Christiane A1 - Harrabi, Semi Ben A1 - Glück, Albrecht A1 - Lewitzki, Victor A1 - Dieckmann, Karin A1 - Benesch, Martin A1 - Gerber, Nicolas U. A1 - Obrecht, Denise A1 - Rutkowski, Stefan A1 - Timmermann, Beate A1 - Kortmann, Rolf-Dieter T1 - Types of deviation and review criteria in pretreatment central quality control of tumor bed boost in medulloblastoma—an analysis of the German Radiotherapy Quality Control Panel in the SIOP PNET5 MB trial JF - Strahlentherapie und Onkologie N2 - Purpose In Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, pretreatment radiotherapy quality control (RT-QC) for tumor bed boost (TB) in non-metastatic medulloblastoma (MB) was not mandatory but was recommended for patients enrolled in the SIOP PNET5 MB trial between 2014 and 2018. This individual case review (ICR) analysis aimed to evaluate types of deviations in the initial plan proposals and develop uniform review criteria for TB boost. Patients and methods A total of 78 patients were registered in this trial, of whom a subgroup of 65 patients were available for evaluation of the TB treatment plans. Dose uniformity was evaluated according to the definitions of the protocol. Additional RT-QC criteria for standardized review of target contours were elaborated and data evaluated accordingly. Results Of 65 initial TB plan proposals, 27 (41.5%) revealed deviations of target volume delineation. Deviations according to the dose uniformity criteria were present in 14 (21.5%) TB plans. In 25 (38.5%) cases a modification of the RT plan was recommended. Rejection of the TB plans was rather related to unacceptable target volume delineation than to insufficient dose uniformity. Conclusion In this analysis of pretreatment RT-QC, protocol deviations were present in a high proportion of initial TB plan proposals. These findings emphasize the importance of pretreatment RT-QC in clinical trials for MB. Based on these data, a proposal for RT-QC criteria for tumor bed boost in non-metastatic MB was developed. KW - brain tumor KW - pediatric KW - focal radiotherapy KW - quality assurance KW - individual case review Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-307812 SN - 0179-7158 SN - 1439-099X VL - 198 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lisowski, Dominik A1 - Hartrampf, Philipp E. A1 - Hasenauer, Natalie A1 - Nickl, Vera A1 - Monoranu, Camelia-Maria A1 - Tamihardja, Jörg T1 - Complete loss of E-cadherin expression in a rare case of metastatic malignant meningioma: a case report JF - BMC Neurology N2 - Background Hematogenous tumor spread of malignant meningiomas occurs very rarely but is associated with very poor prognosis. Case presentation We report an unusual case of a patient with a malignant meningioma who developed multiple metastases in bones, lungs and liver after initial complete resection of the primary tumor. After partial hepatic resection, specimens were histologically analyzed, and a complete loss of E-cadherin adhesion molecules was found. No oncogenic target mutations were found. The patient received a combination of conventional radiotherapy and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Due to aggressive tumor behavior and rapid spread of metastases, the patient deceased after initiation of treatment. Conclusions E-cadherin downregulation is associated with a higher probability of tumor invasion and distant metastasis formation in malignant meningioma. Up to now, the efficacy of systemic therapy, including PRRT, is very limited in malignant meningioma patients. KW - beta-catenin KW - E-cadherin KW - meningioma KW - peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) KW - radiotherapy Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357996 VL - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diefenhardt, Markus A1 - Martin, Daniel A1 - Ludmir, Ethan B. A1 - Fleischmann, Maximilian A1 - Hofheinz, Ralf-Dieter A1 - Ghadimi, Michael A1 - Kosmala, Rebekka A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Friede, Tim A1 - Minsky, Bruce D. A1 - Rödel, Claus A1 - Fokas, Emmanouil T1 - Development and validation of a predictive model for toxicity of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer in the CAO/ARO/AIO-04 phase III trial JF - Cancers N2 - Background: There is a lack of predictive models to identify patients at risk of high neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT)-related acute toxicity in rectal cancer. Patient and Methods: The CAO/ARO/AIO-04 trial was divided into a development (n = 831) and a validation (n = 405) cohort. Using a best subset selection approach, predictive models for grade 3–4 acute toxicity were calculated including clinicopathologic characteristics, pretreatment blood parameters, and baseline results of quality-of-life questionnaires and evaluated using the area under the ROC curve. The final model was internally and externally validated. Results: In the development cohort, 155 patients developed grade 3–4 toxicities due to CRT. In the final evaluation, 15 parameters were included in the logistic regression models using best-subset selection. BMI, gender, and emotional functioning remained significant for predicting toxicity, with a discrimination ability adjusted for overfitting of AUC 0.687. The odds of experiencing high-grade toxicity were 3.8 times higher in the intermediate and 6.4 times higher in the high-risk group (p < 0.001). Rates of toxicity (p = 0.001) and low treatment adherence (p = 0.007) remained significantly different in the validation cohort, whereas discrimination ability was not significantly worse (DeLong test 0.09). Conclusion: We developed and validated a predictive model for toxicity using gender, BMI, and emotional functioning. Such a model could help identify patients at risk for treatment-related high-grade toxicity to assist in treatment guidance and patient participation in shared decision making. KW - rectal cancer KW - toxicity KW - neoadjuvant KW - chemoradiotherapy KW - risk score Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-288081 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 14 IS - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tamihardja, Jörg A1 - Zehner, Leonie A1 - Hartrampf, Philipp A1 - Lisowski, Dominik A1 - Kneitz, Susanne A1 - Cirsi, Sinan A1 - Razinskas, Gary A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Polat, Bülent T1 - Salvage nodal radiotherapy as metastasis-directed therapy for oligorecurrent prostate cancer detected by positron emission tomography shows favorable outcome in long-term follow-up JF - Cancers N2 - Simple Summary Patients, who suffer from oligorecurrent prostate cancer with limited nodal involvement, may be offered positron emission tomography (PET)-directed salvage nodal radiotherapy to delay disease progression. This current analysis aimed to access salvage radiotherapy for nodal oligorecurrent prostate cancer with simultaneous integrated boost to PET-involved lymph nodes as metastasis-directed therapy. A long-term oncological outcome was favorable after salvage nodal radiotherapy and severe toxicity rates were low. Androgen deprivation therapy plays a major role in recurrent prostate cancer management and demonstrates a positive influence on the rate of biochemical progression in patients receiving salvage nodal radiotherapy. The present long-term analysis may help clinicians identify patients who would benefit from salvage nodal radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy, as a multimodal treatment strategy for oligorecurrent prostate cancer. Abstract Background: The study aimed to access the long-term outcome of salvage nodal radiotherapy (SNRT) in oligorecurrent prostate cancer. Methods: A total of 95 consecutive patients received SNRT for pelvic and/or extrapelvic nodal recurrence after prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) or choline PET from 2010 to 2021. SNRT was applied as external beam radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost up to a median total dose of 62.9 Gy (EQD2\(_{1.5Gy}\)) to the recurrent lymph node metastases. The outcome was analyzed by cumulative incidence functions with death as the competing risk. Fine–Gray regression analyses were performed to estimate the relative hazards of the outcome parameters. Genitourinary (GU)/gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity evaluation utilized Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (v5.0). The results are as follows: the median follow-up was 47.1 months. The five-year biochemical progression rate (95% CI) was 50.1% (35.7–62.9%). Concomitant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was adminstered in 60.0% of the patients. The five-year biochemical progression rate was 75.0% (42.0–90.9%) without ADT versus 35.3% (19.6–51.4%) with ADT (p = 0.003). The cumulative five-year late grade 3 GU toxicity rate was 2.1%. No late grade 3 GI toxicity occured. Conclusions: Metastasis-directed therapy through SNRT for PET-staged oligorecurrent prostate cancer demonstrated a favorable long-term oncologic outcome. Omittance of ADT led to an increased biochemical progression. KW - metastasis-directed therapy KW - long-term outcome KW - oligorecurrence KW - prostate cancer KW - salvage radiotherapy KW - PSMA Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-286064 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 14 IS - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lisowski, Dominik A1 - Lutyj, Paul A1 - Abazari, Arya A1 - Weick, Stefan A1 - Traub, Jan A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Kraft, Johannes T1 - Impact of Radiotherapy on Malfunctions and Battery Life of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Cancer Patients JF - Cancers N2 - Purpose: This study analyses a large number of cancer patients with CIEDs for device malfunction and premature battery depletion by device interrogation after each radiotherapy fraction and compares different guidelines in regard to patient safety. Methods: From 2007 to 2022, a cohort of 255 patients was analyzed for CIED malfunctions via immediate device interrogation after every RT fraction. Results: Out of 324 series of radiotherapy treatments, with a total number of 5742 CIED interrogations, nine device malfunctions (2.8%) occurred. Switching into back-up/safety mode and software errors occurred four times each. Once, automatic read-out could not be performed. The median prescribed cumulative dose at planning target volume (PTV) associated with CIED malfunction was 45.0 Gy (IQR 36.0–64.0 Gy), with a median dose per fraction of 2.31 Gy (IQR 2.0–3.0 Gy). The median maximum dose at the CIED at time of malfunction was 0.3 Gy (IQR 0.0–1.3 Gy). No correlation between CIED malfunction and maximum photon energy (p = 0.07), maximum dose at the CIED (p = 0.59) nor treatment localization (p = 0.41) could be detected. After excluding the nine malfunctions, premature battery depletion was only observed three times (1.2%). Depending on the national guidelines, 1–9 CIED malfunctions in this study would have been detected on the day of occurrence and in none of the cases would patient safety have been compromised. Conclusion: Radiation-induced malfunctions of CIEDs and premature battery depletion are rare. If recommendations of national safety guidelines are followed, only a portion of the malfunctions would be detected directly after occurrence. Nevertheless, patient safety would not be compromised. KW - battery depletion KW - cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) KW - cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) KW - implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) KW - CIED malfunction; pacemaker (PM) KW - radiotherapy (RT) Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-358008 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 15 IS - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huflage, Henner A1 - Kunz, Andreas Steven A1 - Hendel, Robin A1 - Kraft, Johannes A1 - Weick, Stefan A1 - Razinskas, Gary A1 - Sauer, Stephanie Tina A1 - Pennig, Lenhard A1 - Bley, Thorsten Alexander A1 - Grunz, Jan-Peter T1 - Obesity-related pitfalls of virtual versus true non-contrast imaging — an intraindividual comparison in 253 oncologic patients JF - Diagnostics N2 - Objectives: Dual-source dual-energy CT (DECT) facilitates reconstruction of virtual non-contrast images from contrast-enhanced scans within a limited field of view. This study evaluates the replacement of true non-contrast acquisition with virtual non-contrast reconstructions and investigates the limitations of dual-source DECT in obese patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 253 oncologic patients (153 women; age 64.5 ± 16.2 years; BMI 26.6 ± 5.1 kg/m\(^2\)) received both multi-phase single-energy CT (SECT) and DECT in sequential staging examinations with a third-generation dual-source scanner. Patients were allocated to one of three BMI clusters: non-obese: <25 kg/m\(^2\) (n = 110), pre-obese: 25–29.9 kg/m\(^2\) (n = 73), and obese: >30 kg/m\(^2\) (n = 70). Radiation dose and image quality were compared for each scan. DECT examinations were evaluated regarding liver coverage within the dual-energy field of view. Results: While arterial contrast phases in DECT were associated with a higher CTDI\(_{vol}\) than in SECT (11.1 vs. 8.1 mGy; p < 0.001), replacement of true with virtual non-contrast imaging resulted in a considerably lower overall dose-length product (312.6 vs. 475.3 mGy·cm; p < 0.001). The proportion of DLP variance predictable from patient BMI was substantial in DECT (R\(^2\) = 0.738) and SECT (R\(^2\) = 0.620); however, DLP of SECT showed a stronger increase in obese patients (p < 0.001). Incomplete coverage of the liver within the dual-energy field of view was most common in the obese subgroup (17.1%) compared with non-obese (0%) and pre-obese patients (4.1%). Conclusion: DECT facilitates a 30.8% dose reduction over SECT in abdominal oncologic staging examinations. Employing dual-source scanner architecture, the risk for incomplete liver coverage increases in obese patients. KW - dual-energy CT KW - dual-source CT KW - virtual non-contrast KW - radiation dose KW - spectral CT KW - obesity Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313519 SN - 2075-4418 VL - 13 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Memmel, Simon A1 - Sisario, Dmitri A1 - Zimmermann, Heiko A1 - Sauer, Markus A1 - Sukhorukov, Vladimir L. A1 - Djuzenova, Cholpon S. A1 - Flentje, Michael T1 - FocAn: automated 3D analysis of DNA repair foci in image stacks acquired by confocal fluorescence microscopy JF - BMC Bioinformatics N2 - Background Phosphorylated histone H2AX, also known as gamma H2AX, forms mu m-sized nuclear foci at the sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation and other agents. Due to their specificity and sensitivity, gamma H2AX immunoassays have become the gold standard for studying DSB induction and repair. One of these assays relies on the immunofluorescent staining of gamma H2AX followed by microscopic imaging and foci counting. During the last years, semi- and fully automated image analysis, capable of fast detection and quantification of gamma H2AX foci in large datasets of fluorescence images, are gradually replacing the traditional method of manual foci counting. A major drawback of the non-commercial software for foci counting (available so far) is that they are restricted to 2D-image data. In practice, these algorithms are useful for counting the foci located close to the midsection plane of the nucleus, while the out-of-plane foci are neglected. Results To overcome the limitations of 2D foci counting, we present a freely available ImageJ-based plugin (FocAn) for automated 3D analysis of gamma H2AX foci in z-image stacks acquired by confocal fluorescence microscopy. The image-stack processing algorithm implemented in FocAn is capable of automatic 3D recognition of individual cell nuclei and gamma H2AX foci, as well as evaluation of the total foci number per cell nucleus. The FocAn algorithm consists of two parts: nucleus identification and foci detection, each employing specific sequences of auto local thresholding in combination with watershed segmentation techniques. We validated the FocAn algorithm using fluorescence-labeled gamma H2AX in two glioblastoma cell lines, irradiated with 2 Gy and given up to 24 h post-irradiation for repair. We found that the data obtained with FocAn agreed well with those obtained with an already available software (FoCo) and manual counting. Moreover, FocAn was capable of identifying overlapping foci in 3D space, which ensured accurate foci counting even at high DSB density of up to similar to 200 DSB/nucleus. Conclusions FocAn is freely available an open-source 3D foci analyzer. The user-friendly algorithm FocAn requires little supervision and can automatically count the amount of DNA-DSBs, i.e. fluorescence-labeled gamma H2AX foci, in 3D image stacks acquired by laser-scanning microscopes without additional nuclei staining. KW - DNA double-strand breaks KW - ImageJ plugin KW - gamma H2AX-foci KW - Automated analysis KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Open-source tool KW - Radiation biology Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229023 VL - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tamihardja, Jörg A1 - Zehner, Leonie A1 - Hartrampf, Philipp E. A1 - Cirsi, Sinan A1 - Wegener, Sonja A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Polat, Bülent T1 - Dose-escalated salvage radiotherapy for macroscopic local recurrence of prostate cancer in the prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography era JF - Cancers N2 - Simple Summary Prostate cancer often relapses after initial radical prostatectomy, and salvage radiotherapy offers a second chance of cure for relapsed patients. Modern imaging techniques, especially prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT), enable radiation oncologists to target radiotherapy at the involved sites of disease. In a group of patients, PSMA PET/CT imaging can detect a macroscopic local recurrence with or without locoregional lymph node metastasis. In these cases, an escalation of the radiotherapy dose is often considered for controlling the visible tumor mass. As the evidence for dose-escalated salvage radiotherapy for macroscopic recurrent prostate cancer after PSMA PET/CT imaging is still limited, we address this topic in the current analysis. We found that the outcome of patients with dose-escalated salvage radiotherapy for macroscopic prostate cancer recurrence is encouragingly favorable, while the toxicity is very limited. Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to access the oncological outcome of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET/CT)-guided salvage radiotherapy (SRT) for localized macroscopic prostate cancer recurrence. Methods: Between February 2010 and June 2021, 367 patients received SRT after radical prostatectomy. Out of the 367 screened patients, 111 patients were staged by PSMA PET/CT before SRT. A total of 59 out of these 111 (53.2%) patients were treated for PSMA PET-positive macroscopic prostatic fossa recurrence. Dose-escalated SRT was applied with a simultaneous integrated boost at a median prescribed dose of 69.3 Gy (IQR 69.3–72.6 Gy). The oncological outcome was investigated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. The genitourinary (GU)/gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity evaluation utilized Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0). Results: The median follow-up was 38.2 months. The three-year biochemical progression-free survival rate was 89.1% (95% CI: 81.1–97.8%) and the three-year metastasis-free survival rate reached 96.2% (95% CI: 91.2–100.0%). The cumulative three-year late grade 3 GU toxicity rate was 3.4%. No late grade 3 GI toxicity occurred. Conclusions: Dose-escalated PSMA PET/CT-guided salvage radiotherapy for macroscopic prostatic fossa recurrence resulted in favorable survival and toxicity rates. KW - prostate cancer KW - salvage radiotherapy KW - macroscopic recurrence KW - PSMA PET/CT KW - simultaneous integrated boost Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-290302 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 14 IS - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lisowski, Dominik A1 - Trömel, Jannik A1 - Lutyj, Paul A1 - Lewitzki, Victor A1 - Hartrampf, Philipp E. A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Tamihardja, Jörg T1 - Health-related quality of life and clinical outcome after radiotherapy of patients with intracranial meningioma JF - Scientific Reports N2 - This retrospective, single-institutional study investigated long-term outcome, toxicity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in meningioma patients after radiotherapy. We analyzed the data of 119 patients who received radiotherapy at our department from 1997 to 2014 for intracranial WHO grade I-III meningioma. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT), intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or radiosurgery radiation was applied. The EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BN20 questionnaires were completed for assessment of HRQoL. Overall survival (OS) for the entire study group was 89.6% at 5 years and 75.9% at 10 years. Local control (LC) at 5 and 10 years was 82.4% and 73.4%, respectively. Local recurrence was observed in 22 patients (18.5%). Higher grade acute and chronic toxicities were observed in seven patients (5.9%) and five patients (4.2%), respectively. Global health status was rated with a mean of 59.9 points (SD 22.3) on QLQ-C30. In conclusion, radiotherapy resulted in very good long-term survival and tumor control rates with low rates of severe toxicities but with a deterioration of long-term HRQoL. KW - CNS cancer KW - outcomes research KW - radiotherapy Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301233 VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tamihardja, Jörg A1 - Schortmann, Max A1 - Lawrenz, Ingulf A1 - Weick, Stefan A1 - Bratengeier, Klaus A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Guckenberger, Matthias A1 - Polat, Bülent T1 - Moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: updated long-term outcome and toxicity analysis JF - Strahlentherapie und Onkologie N2 - Purpose Evaluation of long-term outcome and toxicity of moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with simultaneous integrated boost treatment planning and cone beam CT-based image guidance for localized prostate cancer. Methods Between 2005 and 2015, 346 consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer received primary radiotherapy using cone beam CT-based image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (IG-VMAT) with a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB). Total doses of 73.9 Gy (n = 44) and 76.2 Gy (n = 302) to the high-dose PTV were delivered in 32 and 33 fractions, respectively. The low-dose PTV received a dose (D95) of 60.06 Gy in single doses of 1.82 Gy. The pelvic lymph nodes were treated in 91 high-risk patients to 45.5 Gy (D95). Results Median follow-up was 61.8 months. The 5‑year biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) was 85.4% for all patients and 93.3, 87.4, and 79.4% for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease, respectively. The 5‑year prostate cancer-specific survival (PSS) was 94.8% for all patients and 98.7, 98.9, 89.3% for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease, respectively. The 5‑year and 10-year overall survival rates were 83.8 and 66.3% and the 5‑year and 10-year freedom from distant metastasis rates were 92.2 and 88.0%, respectively. Cumulative 5‑year late GU toxicity and late GI toxicity grade ≥2 was observed in 26.3 and 12.1% of the patients, respectively. Cumulative 5‑year late grade 3 GU/GI toxicity occurred in 4.0/1.2%. Conclusion Moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy using SIB treatment planning and cone beam CT image guidance resulted in high biochemical control and survival with low rates of late toxicity. KW - simultaneous integrated boost KW - cone beam CT KW - hypofractionation KW - intensity-modulated radiation therapy KW - image-guided radiation therapy Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232509 SN - 0179-7158 VL - 197 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Anne A1 - Wegener, Sonja A1 - Breuer, Kathrin A1 - Razinskas, Gary A1 - Weick, Stefan A1 - Exner, Florian A1 - Bratengeier, Klaus A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Sauer, Otto A1 - Polat, Bülent T1 - Comparison of sliding window and field-in-field techniques for tangential whole breast irradiation using the Halcyon and Synergy Agility systems JF - Radiation Oncology N2 - Background To implement a tangential treatment technique for whole breast irradiation using the Varian Halcyon and to compare it with Elekta Synergy Agility plans. Methods For 20 patients two comparable treatment plans with respect to dose coverage and normal tissue sparing were generated. Tangential field-in-field treatment plans (Pinnacle/Synergy) were replanned using the sliding window technique (Eclipse/Halcyon). Plan specific QA was performed using the portal Dosimetry and the ArcCHECK phantom. Imaging and treatment dose were evaluated for treatment delivery on both systems using a modified CIRS Phantom. Results The mean number of monitor units for a fraction dose of 2.67 Gy was 515 MUs and 260 MUs for Halcyon and Synergy Agility plans, respectively. The homogeneity index and dose coverage were similar for both treatment units. The plan specific QA showed good agreement between measured and calculated plans. All Halcyon plans passed portal dosimetry QA (3%/2 mm) with 100% points passing and ArcCheck QA (3%/2 mm) with 99.5%. Measurement of the cumulated treatment and imaging dose with the CIRS phantom resulted in lower dose to the contralateral breast for the Halcyon plans. Conclusions For the Varian Halcyon a plan quality similar to the Elekta Synergy device was achieved. For the Halcyon plans the dose contribution from the treatment fields to the contralateral breast was even lower due to less interleaf transmission of the Halcyon MLC and a lower contribution of scattered dose from the collimator system. KW - whole breast irradiation KW - Halcyon KW - IGRT KW - dose to OARs Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265704 VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bratengeier, Klaus A1 - Herzog, Barbara A1 - Wegener, Sonja A1 - Holubyev, Kostyantyn T1 - Finer leaf resolution and steeper beam edges using a virtual isocentre in concurrence to PTV-shaped collimators in standard distance – a planning study JF - Radiation Oncology N2 - Purpose: Investigation of a reduced source to target distance to improve organ at risk sparing during stereotactic irradiation (STX). Methods: The authors present a planning study with perfectly target-volume adapted collimator compared with multi-leaf collimator (MLC) at reduced source to virtual isocentre distance (SVID) in contrast to normal source to isocentre distance (SID) for stereotactic applications. The role of MLC leaf width and 20–80% penumbra was examined concerning the healthy tissue sparing. Several prescription schemes and target diameters are considered. Results: Paddick’s gradient index (GI) as well as comparison of the mean doses to spherical shells at several distances to the target is evaluated. Both emphasize the same results: the healthy tissue sparing in the high dose area around the planning target volume (PTV) is improved at reduced SVID ≤ 70 cm. The effect can be attributed more to steeper penumbra than to finer leaf resolution. Comparing circular collimators at different SVID just as MLC-shaped collimators, always the GI was reduced. Even MLC-shaped collimator at SVID 70 cm had better healthy tissue sparing than an optimal shaped circular collimator at SID 100 cm. Regarding penumbra changes due to varying SVID, the results of the planning study are underlined by film dosimetry measurements with Agility™ MLC. Conclusion: Penumbra requires more attention in comparing studies, especially studies using different planning systems. Reduced SVID probably allows usage of conventional MLC for STX-like irradiations. KW - radiotherapy KW - multi-leaf collimator KW - stereotactic irradiation KW - robotic table motion KW - planning study KW - virtual isocentre Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157543 VL - 12 IS - 88 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Djuzenova, Cholpon S. A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Katzer, Astrid A1 - Sisario, Dmitri A1 - Korsa, Tessa A1 - Streussloff, Gudrun A1 - Sukhorukov, Vladimir L. A1 - Flentje, Michael T1 - Opposite effects of the triple target (DNA-PK/PI3K/mTOR) inhibitor PI-103 on the radiation sensitivity of glioblastoma cell lines proficient and deficient in DNA-PKcs JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background: Radiotherapy is routinely used to combat glioblastoma (GBM). However, the treatment efficacy is often limited by the radioresistance of GBM cells. Methods: Two GBM lines MO59K and MO59J, differing in intrinsic radiosensitivity and mutational status of DNA-PK and ATM, were analyzed regarding their response to DNA-PK/PI3K/mTOR inhibition by PI-103 in combination with radiation. To this end we assessed colony-forming ability, induction and repair of DNA damage by gamma H2AX and 53BP1, expression of marker proteins, including those belonging to NHEJ and HR repair pathways, degree of apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle alterations. Results: We found that PI-103 radiosensitized MO59K cells but, surprisingly, it induced radiation resistance in MO59J cells. Treatment of MO59K cells with PI-103 lead to protraction of the DNA damage repair as compared to drug-free irradiated cells. In PI-103-treated and irradiated MO59J cells the foci numbers of both proteins was higher than in the drug-free samples, but a large portion of DNA damage was quickly repaired. Another cell line-specific difference includes diminished expression of p53 in MO59J cells, which was further reduced by PI-103. Additionally, PI-103-treated MO59K cells exhibited an increased expression of the apoptosis marker cleaved PARP and increased subG1 fraction. Moreover, irradiation induced a strong G2 arrest in MO59J cells (similar to 80% vs. similar to 50% in MO59K), which was, however, partially reduced in the presence of PI-103. In contrast, treatment with PI-103 increased the G2 fraction in irradiated MO59K cells. Conclusions: The triple-target inhibitor PI-103 exerted radiosensitization on MO59K cells, but, unexpectedly, caused radioresistance in the MO59J line, lacking DNA-PK. The difference is most likely due to low expression of the DNA-PK substrate p53 in MO59J cells, which was further reduced by PI-103. This led to less apoptosis as compared to drug-free MO59J cells and enhanced survival via partially abolished cell-cycle arrest. The findings suggest that the lack of DNA-PK-dependent NHEJ in MO59J line might be compensated by DNA-PK independent DSB repair via a yet unknown mechanism. KW - DNA damage KW - DNA-PK KW - Histone gamma H2AX KW - p53 KW - Radiation sensitivity Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265826 VL - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tamihardja, Jörg A1 - Cirsi, Sinan A1 - Kessler, Patrick A1 - Razinskas, Gary A1 - Exner, Florian A1 - Richter, Anne A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Flentje, Michael T1 - Cone beam CT-based dose accumulation and analysis of delivered dose to the dominant intraprostatic lesion in primary radiotherapy of prostate cancer JF - Radiation Oncology N2 - Background Evaluation of delivered dose to the dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL) for moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy of prostate cancer by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based dose accumulation and target coverage analysis. Methods Twenty-three patients with localized prostate cancer treated with moderately hypofractionated prostate radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) between December 2016 and February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Included patients were required to have an identifiable DIL on bi-parametric planning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After import into the RayStation treatment planning system and application of a step-wise density override, the fractional doses were computed on each CBCT and were consecutively mapped onto the planning CT via a deformation vector field derived from deformable image registration. Fractional doses were accumulated for all CBCTs and interpolated for missing CBCTs, resulting in the delivered dose for PTV\(_{DIL}\), PTV\(_{Boost}\), PTV, and the organs at risk. The location of the index lesions was recorded according to the sector map of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) Version 2.1. Target coverage of the index lesions was evaluated and stratified for location. Results In total, 338 CBCTs were available for analysis. Dose accumulation target coverage of PTV\(_{DIL}\), PTV\(_{Boost}\), and PTV was excellent and no cases of underdosage in D\(_{Mean}\), D_95%, D_02%, and D_98% could be detected. Delivered rectum D\(_{Mean}\) did not significantly differ from the planned dose. Bladder mean DMean was higher than planned with 19.4 ± 7.4 Gy versus 18.8 ± 7.5 Gy, p < 0.001. The penile bulb showed a decreased delivered mean DMean with 29.1 ± 14.0 Gy versus 29.8 ± 14.4 Gy, p < 0.001. Dorsal DILs, defined as DILs in the posterior medial peripheral zone of the prostate, showed a significantly lower delivered dose with a mean DMean difference of 2.2 Gy (95% CI 1.3–3.1 Gy, p < 0.001) compared to ventral lesions. Conclusions CBCT-based dose accumulation showed an adequate delivered dose to the dominant intraprostatic lesion and organs at risk within planning limits. Cautious evaluation of the target coverage for index lesions adjacent to the rectum is warranted to avoid underdosage. KW - adaptive radiotherapy KW - deformable image registration KW - dominant intraprostatic lesion KW - dose accumulation KW - prostate cancer KW - prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265656 VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Hartmann, Oliver A1 - Reissland, Michaela A1 - Prieto-Garcia, Cristian A1 - Klann, Kevin A1 - Pahor, Nikolett A1 - Schülein-Völk, Christina A1 - Baluapuri, Apoorva A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Abazari, Arya A1 - Gerhard-Hartmann, Elena A1 - Kopp, Hans-Georg A1 - Essmann, Frank A1 - Rosenfeldt, Mathias A1 - Münch, Christian A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Diefenbacher, Markus E. T1 - PTEN mutant non-small cell lung cancer require ATM to suppress pro-apoptotic signalling and evade radiotherapy JF - Cell & Bioscience N2 - Background Despite advances in treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, carriers of certain genetic alterations are prone to failure. One such factor frequently mutated, is the tumor suppressor PTEN. These tumors are supposed to be more resistant to radiation, chemo- and immunotherapy. Results We demonstrate that loss of PTEN led to altered expression of transcriptional programs which directly regulate therapy resistance, resulting in establishment of radiation resistance. While PTEN-deficient tumor cells were not dependent on DNA-PK for IR resistance nor activated ATR during IR, they showed a significant dependence for the DNA damage kinase ATM. Pharmacologic inhibition of ATM, via KU-60019 and AZD1390 at non-toxic doses, restored and even synergized with IR in PTEN-deficient human and murine NSCLC cells as well in a multicellular organotypic ex vivo tumor model. Conclusion PTEN tumors are addicted to ATM to detect and repair radiation induced DNA damage. This creates an exploitable bottleneck. At least in cellulo and ex vivo we show that low concentration of ATM inhibitor is able to synergise with IR to treat PTEN-deficient tumors in genetically well-defined IR resistant lung cancer models. KW - PTEN KW - ATM KW - IR KW - NSCLC KW - radiotherapy KW - cancer KW - DNA-PK KW - PI3K Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-299865 SN - 2045-3701 VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Anne A1 - Exner, Florian A1 - Bratengeier, Klaus A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Weick, Stefan T1 - Impact of beam configuration on VMAT plan quality for Pinnacle\(^3\)Auto-Planning for head and neck cases JF - Radiation Oncology N2 - Background The purpose of this study was to compare automatically generated VMAT plans to find the superior beam configurations for Pinnacle3 Auto-Planning and share “best practices”. Methods VMAT plans for 20 patients with head and neck cancer were generated using Pinnacle3 Auto-Planning Module (Pinnacle3 Version 9.10) with different beam setup parameters. VMAT plans for single (V1) or double arc (V2) and partial or full gantry rotation were optimized. Beam configurations with different collimator positions were defined. Target coverage and sparing of organs at risk were evaluated based on scoring of an evaluation parameter set. Furthermore, dosimetric evaluation was performed based on the composite objective value (COV) and a new cross comparison method was applied using the COVs. Results The evaluation showed a superior plan quality for double arcs compared to one single arc or two single arcs for all cases. Plan quality was superior if a full gantry rotation was allowed during optimization for unilateral target volumes. A double arc technique with collimator setting of 15° was superior to a double arc with collimator 60° and a two single arcs with collimator setting of 15° and 345°. Conclusion The evaluation showed that double and full arcs are superior to single and partial arcs in terms of organs at risk sparing even for unilateral target volumes. The collimator position was found as an additional setup parameter, which can further improve the target coverage and sparing of organs at risk. KW - auto-planning KW - VMAT KW - single arc KW - double arc KW - full arc KW - partial arc KW - plan comparison Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200301 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bratengeier, Klaus A1 - Holubyev, Kostyantyn A1 - Wegener, Sonja T1 - Steeper dose gradients resulting from reduced source to target distance—a planning system independent study JF - Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics N2 - Purpose: To quantify the contribution of penumbra in the improvement of healthy tissue sparing at reduced source‐to‐axis distance (SAD) for simple spherical target and different prescription isodoses (PI). Method: A TPS‐independent method was used to estimate three‐dimensional (3D) dose distribution for stereotactic treatment of spherical targets of 0.5 cm radius based on single beam two‐dimensional (2D) film dosimetry measurements. 1 cm target constitutes the worst case for the conformation with standard Multi‐Leaf Collimator (MLC) with 0.5 cm leaf width. The measured 2D transverse dose cross‐sections and the profiles in leaf and jaw directions were used to calculate radial dose distribution from isotropic beam arrangement, for both quadratic and circular beam openings, respectively. The results were compared for standard (100 cm) and reduced SAD 70 and 55 cm for different PI. Results: For practical reduction of SAD using quadratic openings, the improvement of healthy tissue sparing (HTS) at distances up to 3 times the PTV radius was at least 6%–12%; gradient indices (GI) were reduced by 3–39% for PI between 40% and 90%. Except for PI of 80% and 90%, quadratic apertures at SAD 70 cm improved the HTS by up to 20% compared to circular openings at 100 cm or were at least equivalent; GI were 3%–33% lower for reduced SAD in the PI range 40%–70%. For PI = 80% and 90% the results depend on the circular collimator model. Conclusion: Stereotactic treatments of spherical targets delivered at reduced SAD of 70 or 55 cm using MLC spare healthy tissue around the target at least as good as treatments at SAD 100 cm using circular collimators. The steeper beam penumbra at reduced SAD seems to be as important as perfect target conformity. The authors argue therefore that the beam penumbra width should be addressed in the stereotactic studies. KW - radiotherapy KW - stereotactic irradiation KW - penumbra KW - leaf width KW - virtual isocenter Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177424 VL - 20 IS - 1 ER - TY - THES A1 - Häckel, Annalena T1 - Implementierung und Umsetzbarkeit eines Tablet-gestützten Screenings auf Unterstützungsbedarf in der Radioonkologie T1 - Implementation and application for the need of support in the field of radiooncology via tablet screening N2 - Die Inzidenz und Prävalenz von Krebserkrankungen präsentiert sich in den vergangenen Jahren ungebrochen hoch. Durch die stetige Optimierung der Versorgung werden Betroffenen neuartige Optionen offeriert. Moderne Onkotherapie zeichnet sich durch sektorenübergreifende Kooperation aus. Diese komplexen Versorgungskonzepte können durch innovative Technologien simplifiziert werden. Vorliegende Arbeit erörtert die Frage nach der Umsetzbarkeit Tablet-gestützter Screenings in der Routine der Strahlenmedizin. Die Erfassung der ESAS-Items und des Unterstützungsbedarfs ermöglichte nach dem Vorbild kanadischer Versorgungskonzepte definierte Aussagen zur Qualität der medizinischen Versorgung. Im Rahmen der Studie erhielten Tumorpatienten vor der perkutanen Radiotherapie (T1) ein Tablet-gestütztes Symptom-Screening. Das Tablet-Screening wurde von den Teilnehmern bezüglich Bedienung und Nutzerfreundlichkeit evaluiert. Nach Abschluss der Radiotherapie erfolgte eine telefonische Nachbefragung der Teilnehmer (T2). Insgesamt partizipierten 332 Krebspatienten am Tablet-Screening. 79 potentielle Studienprobanden nahmen nicht teil. Als Hauptursachen zeigten sich fehlende Zeit (21,5%), die Teilnahme an sonstigen Studien (20,3%) und zu hohe psychische Belastungen (17,7%). Der Anteil der Screening-Teilnehmer mit fundierten Vorkenntnissen im Umgang mit Tablet-PCs (15,7%) war gering. Probanden mit Tablet-Vorerfahrungen waren signifikant jünger als Unerfahrene. Anwendung und Nutzerfreundlichkeit erlangte hohe Zustimmung. Die wenigen (21,7%) Befürworter konventioneller Stift-Papier-Fragebögen waren signifikant älter. 219 Screening-Teilnehmer stellten ihre ausgewerteten Symptom-Fragebögen weiteren Auswertungen zur Verfügung. Der Performance-Status wurde von Patient und Mediziner eher divergent bewertet (ĸ=0,254). Von T1 zu T2 nahm der Anteil positiv gescreenter Probanden ab. Kurativpatienten markierten bei den ESAS-Items Müdigkeit, Kurzatmigkeit und Sonstiges signifikante Symptomverbesserungen. Bei Palliativpatienten zeigte Kurzatmigkeit signifikante Verbesserung, Depressionen hingegen signifikante Verschlechterung. Der schwächste Unterstützungsbedarf (23,3%) wurde beim ,,Bedarf an Informationen beim Erstellen von Patientenverfügungen‘‘ registriert. Die BUKA-Studie konnte die Chancen Tablet-gestützter Befragungen in der Routine der Radioonkologie darstellen. Das Screening markierte durchgängig positive Bewertungen sowie große Akzeptanz. Die positiven Ergebnisse deckten sich mit denen anderer Studien bezüglich EDV-gestützter Datenerhebung. Die oftmals nicht ausreichendende Zeit zur Studienteilnahme war jedoch nicht auf eine zu zeitintensive Bedienung von Tablet-PCs zurückzuführen. Die Anzahl der Screening-Items sollte der kurzen Wartezeit der Strahlenambulanz angepasst werden. EDV-Screenings sollten darüber hinaus zukünftig bereits von zuhause absolviert werden. Die zunehmende Technisierung des Alltags lässt den Anteil PC-erfahrener Patienten weiter ansteigen. Die Einführung EDV-gestützter Versionen bietet eine effektive Möglichkeit des Patienten-Monitoring als Grundlage multidisziplinärer onkologischer Versorgung. Infolge der zunehmenden PC-gestützten Verarbeitung hochsensibler Patientendaten ist die Gewährleistung vollkommener Datensicherheit dringend notwendig. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Arbeiten präsentierte das Studienkollektiv überwiegend Kurativpatienten mit gutem Allgemeinzustand. Trotz geringerer Symptombelastung konnten auch hier die positiven Effekte der Radiotherapie dargestellt werden. Der hohe Unterstützungsbedarf erschien oftmals dem mangelnden medizinischen Verständnis der Betroffenen geschuldet. Kurativpatienten äußerten deutlich mehr Interesse aktiv an der Therapie teilzuhaben. Palliativpatienten erschienen durch das Übermaß an Therapien entkräftet. N2 - In recent years the incidence and prevalence of carcinosis remained unchanged high. The continous improvement of patient centred care offers unknown possibilities. Modern cancer therapy is distinguished by overlapping cooperation. These extensive treatment options can be simplified by innovative technology. The study in hand investigates the implementabilitiy of a tablet screening in the field of radiooncology. Aquiring data on the ESAS Items and on the individual request of support as done in the Canadian cancer support system enables us to give evidence. In the present study tumor patients were screened before receiving percutane radiotherapy (T1) on a special symptom screening scale via tablet. The participants also evaluated the tablet screening on handling and usability. After the radiotheray the participants were questioned again via phone interview. In total 332 cancer patients took part in the tablet screening. 79 potential participants didn’t participate. The main reasons were the lack of time (21,5%), the participation in other studies (20,3%), and the high psychic strain (17,7%). The the number of participants with a previous knowledge in the use of tablet-computer was low (15,7%). Furthermore, they were significantly younger than the participants with that hat no previous knowledge in the use of a tablet. Handling and usabilityshowed high acceptance. The few supporters of conventional paper-pencil -quetionnaires were significantly older. In total 219 screening patients did consent the further evaluation and analysis of their screening results. Patients and physicians showed divergent results in theassessment of the patient’s performance status (k=0,254). The rate of participants with positive screening results decreased from T1 to T2. In the ESAS items fatigue, dyspnoea and other problems curative patients showed significant symptom improvement. Patients with palliative treatment also represented with significant improvemet in dyspnoea whereas the rate on depression increased significantly. Patients showed the lowest interest in the provision on information on making an advance health care directive (23,3%). The BUKA study was able to represent the opportunities of tablet screening in the routine of radiooncology. The tablet screening did resilt in an overall positive feedback and demonstrated high rate of acceptance. Similar positive results were also showen in several previous studies concerning the use computerized questionnaires. The participants complaints on the lack of time did not refer to the use of the computerized questionnaire itself but on the provided amount of time for the questionaire itself. In the future, the amount of screening items should be adjusted to the amount of waiting time in the ambulance of the radiooncology. Furthermore, computerized screening should be considered to be already done at home. The upcoming computerization in the daily routine will increase rate people with previous knowledge on computerized systems and applications even further. The implementation of computerized systems provides the opportunity of a very effective patient monitoring as a foundation vor multidisciplinary oncological treatment. As a result of the increasing digitalization of patient data the data protection is extremely important and future challenge but must be basic prerequisite. In contrast to other studies our patients predominantly represented a good performance status. Despite the low symptom stress the positive effects of a radiotherapy could be illustrated here as well. The high demand of support seemed to be due to the lack of understanding of medical information. Curative patients showed significantly more interest in taking actively part in their therapy whereas patients with palliative treatment seemed to be rather exhausted with the excess of palliative treatment options. KW - Screening KW - Tablet PC KW - Radioonkologie KW - Tablet KW - Screening KW - Unterstützungsbedarf in der Radioonkologie Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154974 ER - TY - THES A1 - Maier, Marco T1 - Therapiezieleinschätzung von palliativ bestrahlten Patienten bei Erstvorstellung in der Radioonkologie T1 - Therapy goal assessment of palliative irradiated patients at initial consultation in radiation oncology N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Häufigkeit und mögliche Prädiktoren für eine überoptimistische Therapiezieleinschätzung von palliativ bestrahlten onkologischen Patienten der Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie des Universitätsklinikum Würzburg untersucht. Dazu wurden die Frage zur Therapiezieleinschätzung, die Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS), das Distress-Thermometer und das Fatigue-Screening aus dem Patientenselbsteinschätzungsbogen, den die Patienten routinemäßig vor dem ärztlichen Erstgespräch erhalten, sowie soziodemographische und krankheitsbezogene Daten aus der elektronischen Patientenakte analysiert (Untersuchungszeitraum 05/2018–05/2019). Die Einschätzung des Therapieziels galt als überoptimistisch, wenn ein Patient fälschlicherweise von dem Behandlungsziel „Heilung“ ausging. Von einer realistischen Therapiezieleinschätzung wurde ausgegangen, wenn ein Patient von der Nichtheilbarkeit seiner Krebserkrankung ausging. Insgesamt wurden Daten von 283 Patienten ausgewertet, davon 133 Frauen (47%) und 150 Männer (53%). Das mittlere Alter lag bei 66,7 Jahren (Spannweite 30–95 Jahre). Die drei häufigsten Tumorentitäten waren Lungen- (26,9%), Brust- (18,0%) und Prostatakrebs (10,2%). 64,7% (183/283) der Patienten dieser Studie schätzten ihr Therapieziel überoptimistisch ein. Es fanden sich statistisch signifikante Zusammenhänge (p<0,05) mit einzelnen IPOS-Items, der bisherigen Dauer der Therapie unter palliativer Intention und dem Karnofsky-Index . Die beiden Variablen „Dauer der Therapie unter palliativer Intention“ und „Karnofsky-Index“ wurden in einer binär logistischen Regression als Prädiktoren für eine überoptimistische Therapiezieleinschätzung identifiziert. Da die Selbsteinschätzung vor der Erstbegegnung mit dem Strahlentherapeuten erfolgte, bleibt offen, inwieweit die Patienten- und Arzteinschätzung nach dem Aufklärungsgespräch häufiger übereinstimmen als in der vorliegenden Studie (35,3% realistische Therapiezieleinschätzung). N2 - In the present study, the frequency and possible predictors for an overoptimistic therapy goal assessment of palliative irradiated oncological patients of the Clinic and Polyclinic for Radiotherapy of the University Hospital Würzburg were investigated. For this purpose, the question on therapy goal assessment, the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS), the distress thermometer, and the fatigue screening from the patient self-assessment questionnaire, which patients routinely receive before the initial medical consultation, as well as sociodemographic and disease-related data from the electronic patient record were analyzed (study period 05/2018-05/2019). The assessment of the therapy goal was considered overoptimistic if a patient incorrectly assumed the treatment goal to be "cure." Realistic treatment goal assessment was considered when a patient assumed that his or her cancer was not curable. A total of 283 patients' data were analyzed, including 133 women (47%) and 150 men (53%). The mean age was 66.7 years (range 30-95 years). The three most common tumor entities were lung (26.9%), breast (18.0%), and prostate (10.2%) cancer. 64.7% (183/283) of patients in this study were overoptimistic about their treatment goal. Statistically significant associations (p<0.05) were found with individual IPOS items, previous duration of therapy under palliative intention, and the Karnofsky index. The two variables "duration of therapy under palliative intention" and "Karnofsky index" were identified in a binary logistic regression as predictors for an overoptimistic therapy goal assessment. Because self-assessment was performed before the initial encounter with the radiotherapist, the extent to which patient and physician assessments matched more often after the consultation than in the present study (35.3% realistic therapy goal assessment) remains open. KW - Palliativmedizin KW - Strahlentherapie KW - Radioonkologie KW - Therapieziel Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-321119 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zetzl, Teresa A1 - Renner, Agnes A1 - Pittig, Andre A1 - Jentschke, Elisabeth A1 - Roch, Carmen A1 - van Oorschot, Birgitt T1 - Yoga effectively reduces fatigue and symptoms of depression in patients with different types of cancer JF - Supportive Care in Cancer N2 - Purpose Examine the effects of an 8-week yoga therapy on fatigue in patients with different types of cancer. Methods A total of 173 cancer patients suffering from mild to severe fatigue were randomly allocated to yoga intervention (n = 84) (IG) versus waitlist control group (CG) (n = 88). Yoga therapy consisted of eight weekly sessions with 60 min each. The primary outcome was self-reported fatigue symptoms. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of depression and quality of life (QoL). Data were assessed using questionnaires before (T0) and after yoga therapy for IG versus waiting period for CG (T1). Results A stronger reduction of general fatigue (P = .033), physical fatigue (P = .048), and depression (P < .001) as well as a stronger increase in QoL (P = .002) was found for patients who attended 7 or 8 sessions compared with controls. Within the yoga group, both higher attendance rate and lower T0-fatigue were significant predictors of lower T1-fatigue (P ≤ .001). Exploratory results revealed that women with breast cancer report a higher reduction of fatigue than women with other types of cancer (P = .016) after yoga therapy. Conclusion The findings support the assumption that yoga therapy is useful to reduce cancer-related fatigue, especially for the physical aspects of fatigue. Women with breast cancer seem to benefit most, and higher attendance rate results in greater reduction of fatigue. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00016034 KW - yoga KW - complementary alternative medicine KW - mind-body intervention KW - fatigue KW - depression KW - quality of live Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235415 SN - 0941-4355 VL - 29 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radeloff, Katrin A1 - Ramos Tirado, Mario A1 - Haddad, Daniel A1 - Breuer, Kathrin A1 - Müller, Jana A1 - Hochmuth, Sabine A1 - Hackenberg, Stephan A1 - Scherzad, Agmal A1 - Kleinsasser, Norbert A1 - Radeloff, Andreas T1 - Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOPs) show genotoxic effects but no functional impact on human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) JF - Materials N2 - Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) represent a capable source for cell-based therapeutic approaches. For monitoring a cell-based application in vivo, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cells labeled with iron oxide particles is a common method. It is the aim of the present study to analyze potential DNA damage, cytotoxicity and impairment of functional properties of human (h)ASCs after labeling with citrate-coated very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOPs). Cytotoxic as well as genotoxic effects of the labeling procedure were measured in labeled and unlabeled hASCs using the MTT assay, comet assay and chromosomal aberration test. Trilineage differentiation was performed to evaluate an impairment of the differentiation potential due to the particles. Proliferation as well as migration capability were analyzed after the labeling procedure. Furthermore, the labeling of the hASCs was confirmed by Prussian blue staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution MRI. Below the concentration of 0.6 mM, which was used for the procedure, no evidence of genotoxic effects was found. At 0.6 mM, 1 mM as well as 1.5 mM, an increase in the number of chromosomal aberrations was determined. Cytotoxic effects were not observed at any concentration. Proliferation, migration capability and differentiation potential were also not affected by the procedure. Labeling with VSOPs is a useful labeling method for hASCs that does not affect their proliferation, migration and differentiation potential. Despite the absence of cytotoxicity, however, indications of genotoxic effects have been demonstrated. KW - ASCs KW - adipose tissue-derived stromal cells KW - VSOP KW - iron oxide nanoparticles KW - toxicity KW - MRI KW - cell labeling Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-222970 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 14 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zetzl, Teresa A1 - Pittig, Andre A1 - Renner, Agnes A1 - van Oorschott, Birgitt A1 - Jentschke, Elisabeth T1 - Yoga therapy to reduce fatigue in cancer: effects of reminder e-mails and long-term efficacy JF - Supportive Care in Cancer N2 - Objective To examine the efficacy of reminder e-mails to continue yoga therapy on practice frequency and fatigue in cancer patients and long-term effects of yoga on fatigue, depression, and quality of life. Methology One hundred two cancer patients who completed an 8-week yoga therapy were randomly allocated to two groups: reminder (N = 51) vs. no-reminder group (N = 51). After completing yoga therapy, the reminder group received weekly e-mails for 24 weeks, which reminded them of practicing yoga, whereas the no-reminder group did not. Primary outcomes were fatigue and practice frequency, and long-term outcomes were fatigue, depression, and quality of life. Data were assessed using questionnaires after yoga therapy (T1) and 6 months after completing yoga therapy (T2). Result A significantly stronger reduction of general (p = 0.038, d = 0.42) and emotional fatigue (p = 0.004, d = 0.59) and a higher increase of practice frequency (p = 0.015, d = 0.52) between T1 and T2 were found for the reminder group compared to the no-reminder group. In the mediation model, practice frequency as a mediator partially explained the changes in emotional fatigue (indirect effect B =  - 0.10). Long-term effects of yoga therapy regarding fatigue, depression, and quality of life were found (F > 7.46, p < 0.001, d > 0.54). Conclusion Weekly reminder e-mails after yoga therapy can positively affect general and emotional fatigue and help cancer patients with fatigue establish a regular yoga practice at home. However, higher practice frequency did not lead to higher physical or cognitive fatigue improvement, suggesting other factors that mediate efficacy on physical or cognitive fatigue, such as mindfulness or side effects of therapy. KW - reminder e-mails KW - mind–body intervention KW - complementary alternative medicine KW - long-term effects KW - Yoga KW - fatigue Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268415 SN - 1433-7339 VL - 29 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tamihardja, Jörg A1 - Razinskas, Gary A1 - Exner, Florian A1 - Richter, Anne A1 - Kessler, Patrick A1 - Weick, Stefan A1 - Kraft, Johannes A1 - Mantel, Frederick A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Polat, Bülent T1 - Comparison of treatment plans for hypofractionated high-dose prostate cancer radiotherapy using the Varian Halcyon and the Elekta Synergy platforms JF - Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics N2 - Purpose To compare radiotherapy plans between an O-ring and a conventional C-arm linac for hypofractionated high-dose prostate radiotherapy in terms of plan quality, dose distribution, and quality assurance in a multi-vendor environment. Methods Twenty prostate cancer treatment plans were irradiated on the O-ring Varian Halcyon linac and were re-optimized for the C-arm Elekta Synergy Agility linac. Dose-volume histogram metrics for target coverage and organ at risk dose, quality assurance, and monitor units were retrospectively compared. Patient-specific quality assurance with ion chamber measurements, gamma index analysis, and portal dosimetry was performed using the Varian Portal Dosimetry system and the ArcCHECK® phantom (Sun Nuclear Corporation). Prostate-only radiotherapy was delivered with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in 20 fractions of 2.5/3.0 Gy each. Results For both linacs, target coverage was excellent and plan quality comparable. Homogeneity in PTVBoost was high for Synergy as well as Halcyon with a mean homogeneity index of 0.07 ± 0.01 and 0.05 ± 0.01, respectively. Mean dose for the organs at risk rectum and bladder differed not significantly between the linacs but were higher for the femoral heads and penile bulb for Halcyon. Quality assurance showed no significant differences in terms of ArcCHECK gamma pass rates. Median pass rate for 3%/2 mm was 99.3% (96.7 to 99.8%) for Synergy and 99.8% (95.6 to 100%) for Halcyon. Agreement between calculated and measured dose was high with a median deviation of −0.6% (−1.7 to 0.8%) for Synergy and 0.2% (−0.6 to 2.3%) for Halcyon. Monitor units were higher for the Halcyon by approximately 20% (p < 0.001). Conclusion Hypofractionated high-dose prostate cancer SIB VMAT on the Halcyon system is feasible with comparable plan quality in reference to a standard C-arm Elekta Synergy linac. KW - acute toxicity KW - dose evaluation KW - Halcyon KW - hypofractionation KW - prostate cancer KW - Synergy Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260722 VL - 22 IS - 9 ER - TY - THES A1 - Cirak, Marianne T1 - Sedierung am Lebensende auf der Palliativstation T1 - Sedation therapy at the end of life on a palliative care unit N2 - Retrospektive Analyse von 181 Patienten, die im Zeitraum vom 01.02.2015 bis zum 31.03.2016 auf der Palliativstation des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg verstorben sind. Es wurde die palliative Sedierungstherapie untersucht unter folgenden Gesichtspunkten: Erfolgte sie leitliniengerecht (waren die Symptome therapierefraktär bzw. wurde eine proportionale Sedierung durchgeführt)? Wie lässt sich die palliative Sedierungstherapie von aktiver Sterbehilfe abgrenzen? Welchen Einfluss hat das Delir? Welche Qualität hatte die Dokumentation? Die Autorin kommt zu dem Schluss, dass die palliative Sedierungstherapie ein wichtiges Instrument ist zur Symptomlinderung am Lebensende. Es ist auch eine sichere Therapiemaßnahme, solange sie leitliniengerecht durchgeführt wird. Die palliative Sedierungstherapie auf der Palliativstation der Universitätsklinik Würzburg konnte als leitliniengerecht bestätigt werden. Das Delir war mit einer signifikant längeren Sedierungsdauer verbunden und Patienten mit Delir wiesen signifikant mehr Risikofaktoren für Delir auf. Der Erhebung von Risikofaktoren und der frühzeitigen Erkennung des Delirs kommen damit eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Eine korrekte Dokumentation ist aus rechtlichen Gesichtspunkten und aus Respekt vor dem Selbstbestimmungsrecht des Patienten sehr wichtig, hier gab es Verbesserungspotential. Eine Empfehlung zur strukturierten Durchführung der palliativen Sedierungstherapie wurde von der Autorin entwickelt. N2 - Retrospective analysis of 181 patients who died at the palliative care unit of the university clinic of Wuerzburg, between February 1, 2015 and March 31, 2016. The palliative sedation therapy was analyzed regarding the following questions: Was it performed in accordance with accepted guidelines (were the symptoms refractory, was the sedation proportionate)? How can palliative sedation be distinguished from euthanasia? What impact does delirium have? What quality did the documentation have? The author concludes that palliative sedation is an important tool to alleviate symptoms at the end of life. It is also a secure therapy option when it is performed in accordance with the guidelines. On the palliative care unit at the university clinic of Wuerzburg, palliative sedation was administered according to the guidelines. Delirium was linked to significantly longer sedation times, and patients with delirium had significantly more risk factors for delirium. The early detection of risk factors and delirium are therefore crucial. The correct documentation is very important due to legal aspects and out of respect for the patients’ right to self-determination. In this regard, the study showed there was room for improvement. The author developed a proposal for a structured procedure for administering palliative sedation therapy. KW - Palliative Sedierung KW - Delir KW - palliative Sedierung KW - Leitlinie KW - Delir KW - Aktive Sterbehilfe KW - Nichtmedikamentöse Therapien KW - Physiologische vs. medikamentöse Bewusstseinsminderung Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-179651 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wack, Linda J. A1 - Exner, Florian A1 - Wegener, Sonja A1 - Sauer, Otto A. T1 - The impact of isocentric shifts on delivery accuracy during the irradiation of small cerebral targets — Quantification and possible corrections JF - Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics N2 - Purpose To assess the impact of isocenter shifts due to linac gantry and table rotation during cranial stereotactic radiosurgery on D\(_{98}\), target volume coverage (TVC), conformity (CI), and gradient index (GI). Methods Winston‐Lutz (WL) checks were performed on two Elekta Synergy linacs. A stereotactic quality assurance (QA) plan was applied to the ArcCHECK phantom to assess the impact of isocenter shift corrections on Gamma pass rates. These corrections included gantry sag, distance of collimator and couch axes to the gantry axis, and distance between cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) isocenter and treatment beam (MV) isocenter. We applied the shifts via script to the treatment plan in Pinnacle 16.2. In a planning study, isocenter and mechanical rotation axis shifts of 0.25 to 2 mm were applied to stereotactic plans of spherical planning target volumes (PTVs) of various volumes. The shifts determined via WL measurements were applied to 16 patient plans with PTV sizes between 0.22 and 10.4 cm3. Results ArcCHECK measurements of a stereotactic treatment showed significant increases in Gamma pass rate for all three measurements (up to 3.8 percentage points) after correction of measured isocenter deviations. For spherical targets of 1 cm3, CI was most severely affected by increasing the distance of the CBCT isocenter (1.22 to 1.62). Gradient index increased with an isocenter‐collimator axis distance of 1.5 mm (3.84 vs 4.62). D98 (normalized to reference) dropped to 0.85 (CBCT), 0.92 (table axis), 0.95 (collimator axis), and 0.98 (gantry sag), with similar but smaller changes for larger targets. Applying measured shifts to patient plans lead to relevant drops in D\(_{98}\) and TVC (7%) for targets below 2 cm\(^3\) treated on linac 1. Conclusion Mechanical deviations during gantry, collimator, and table rotation may adversely affect the treatment of small stereotactic lesions. Adjustments of beam isocenters in the treatment planning system (TPS) can be used to both quantify their impact and for prospective correction of treatment plans. KW - isocenter KW - quality assurance KW - stereotactic radiotherapy KW - Winston‐Lutz test Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218146 VL - 21 IS - 5 ER -