TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Sodian, Beate T1 - A longitudinal study of young children's memory behavior and Performance in a sort-recall task N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1991 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62169 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich A1 - Clarke, AH A1 - Wagner, H. T1 - A syntactic approach to the analysis of nonverbal behaviour N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1983 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-52403 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Marquardt, Christian A1 - Hartl, Lydia A1 - Nutzinger, Detlef O. A1 - Hölzl, Rupert A1 - Strian, Friedrich T1 - Anxiety induced by cardiac perceptions in patients with panic attack: a field study N2 - In panic disorder bodily sensations appear to play an important role as a trigger for anxiety. In our psychophysiological model of panic attacks we postulate the following vicious circle: individuals with panic attacks perceive even quite small increases in heart rate and interpret these changes as being catastrophic. This elicits anxiety and a further increase in heart rate. To evaluate this model we conducted a field study of 28 subjects with panic attacks and 20 healthy controls. A 24 hr ambulatory ECG was recorded and the subjects were instructed to report any cardiac perceptions during this period and to rate the anxiety elicited by these perceptions. The incidence of cardiac perceptions was about the same in both groups, but only subjects with panic attacks reported anxiety associated with such perceptions. Analysis of the ECGs revealed that in both groups heart rate accelerations preceded cardiac perceptions. Following cardiac perceptions, the healthy controls showed a heart rate deceleration, whereas the subjects with panic attacks had a further acceleration. This heart rate increase after cardiac perceptions was positively related to the level of anxiety elicited by the perceptions. These results provide clear evidence in support of the vicious circle model of panic attacks. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1991 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61334 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich T1 - Audiovisuell unterstützte Beobachtung N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1991 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50347 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich T1 - Ausdruck N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1987 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50363 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich T1 - Ausdrucksforschung N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1987 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50350 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Lutzenberger, W. A1 - Rau, H. A1 - Birbaumer, N. A1 - Rickard, T. C. A1 - Yaroush, R. A. A1 - Bourne, L. E. J. T1 - Brain potentials during mental arithmetic: effects of extensive practice and problem difficulty N2 - Recent behavioral investigations indicate that the processes underlying mental arithmetic change systematically with practice from deliberate, conscious calculation to automatic, direct retrieval of answers from memory [Bourne, L.E.Jr. and Rickard, T.C., Mental calculation: The development of a cognitive skill, Paper presented at the Interamerican Congress of Psychology, San Jose, Costa Rica, 1991; Psychol. Rev., 95 (1988) 492-527]. Results reviewed by Moscovitch and Winocur [In: The handbook of aging and cognition, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1992, pp. 315-372] suggest that consciously controlled processes are more dependent on frontal lobe function than are automatic processes. It is appropriate, therefore to determine whether transitions in the locus of primary brain activity occur with practice on mental calculation. In this experiment, we examine the relationship between characteristics of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and mental arithmetic. Single-digit mental multiplication problems varying in difficulty (problem size) were used, and subjects were trained on these problems for four sessions. Problem-size and practice effects were reliably found in behavioral measures (RT). The ERP was characterized by a pronounced late positivity after task presentation followed by a slow wave, and a negativity during response indication. These components responded differentially to the practice and problem-size manipulations. Practice mainly affected topography of the amplitude of positivity and offset latency of slow wave, and problem-size mainly offset latency of slow wave and pre-response negativity. Fronto-central positivity diminished from session to session, and the focus of positivity centered finally at centro-parietal regions. This finding suggests that frontal lobe processing is necessary as long as task performance is not automatized, while automatized arithmetic processing requires parietal brain activity only. The pre-response negativity observed in the first session and during more difficult tasks is assumed to reflect excitatory preparatory processes, which could be associated with activation of calculation strategies. KW - Psychologie KW - Mental arithmetic KW - Event-related potential KW - Practice KW - Automatization KW - Problem size Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61345 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich A1 - Vollmer, Heinz C. T1 - Changes of personality and depression during treatment of drug addicts N2 - In accordance with various other studies. the present longitudinal study gave no clues for specific personality variables or traits 01' drug addicts. Personality factors did not allow a valid prediction of the kind 01' th~apy termination. nor were there clear deviations from the norm. Analyzed as a group. the addicts showed only minor changes that appeared over the course of treatment. These results correspond to data reported on alcohol dependency (cf. Wanke 1987). A more differentiated picture is gained when stable and changeable components of personality and analyzed separately. Changeable components are of special relevance for treatment. From the current study these were characteristics of action regulation, that is, activation and impulse control, social interaction, and somatic reactions (sleep disorders, bodily reactions to drug deprivation). For relapse prevention, attention should be given to stable, persistent, problematic components. Persistent suicidal ideas turned out to be one such aspect. Like the differentiation between state and trait anxiety, stable and variable components could also be separated for other domains of personality when they are used to describe the course of treatment. How can personality concepts and instruments for assessment be utilized for treatment? The claim of therapists to predict the outcome of a treatment may be realized for only a delimited period of time. Especially at such critical points as shortly before relapse, a firm prediction might be possible only rarely (Wanke 1987). Lack of predictability could be a warning which, however, can be verified only afterward. According to the current results, one benefit of personality concepts could be to specify targets of change on an individual basis and thus clarify effects of therapeutic interventions. Personality concepts can help patients to better understand their problems and to recognize changes as weil as persistent areas of vulnerability. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50287 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pressley, Michael A1 - Borkowski, John G. A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Cognitive strategies: Good strategy users coordinate metacognition and knowledge N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1987 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50469 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Clarke, AH A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich T1 - Computer-aided video N2 - The recent developments in microprocessor electronics and time-code equipment have vastly improved the efficiency of working with video material so that through the combination of data processing and video recording equipment a substantial rationalization of both data acquisition procedures and functional control of the recording machines may be achieved. Such a system, in which video editing and time-code control equipment is interfaced to a process computer, has been developed for the analysis of human communicative behaviour. The system provides exact indexing of the recorded material, automatic search and edit routines for the videotape machines and synchronicity of registered data. In summary, it can be maintained that given a sound theoretical basis, modern video and computer technologies can substantially increase the efficiency and accuracy of behavioural observation and analysis. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1983 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50332 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Treiber, B. T1 - Determinanten der Leistungsveränderung im Mathematikunterricht - Ein Modellvergleich für unterschiedliche Schulleistungstypen T1 - Classroom differences in the determination of achievement changes KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1986 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50419 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weinert, F. E. A1 - Knopf, Monika A1 - Körkel, J. A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Vogel, K. A1 - Wetzel, M. T1 - Die Entwicklung einiger Gedächtnisleistungen bei Kindern und älteren Erwachsenen in Abhängigkeit von kognitiven, metakognitiven und motivationalen Einflußfaktoren N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1984 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50458 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krüger, Hans-Peter A1 - Rausche, A. T1 - Die Prüfung von Verlaufskurven auf das Vorliegen von Trends über die exakte Verteilung von Spearman's S N2 - no abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1980 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-79827 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krebs, H. A1 - Janke, W. A1 - Macht, Michael A1 - Weijers, H.-G. A1 - Weyers, P. T1 - Differentielle Tierpsychologie: Hypo- und hyperphage Reaktionen unter Streß N2 - no abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80175 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Domain-specific knowledge and memory Performance N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1991 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50494 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krüger, Hans-Peter A1 - Kohnen, Ralf A1 - Lienert, Gustav A. T1 - Drei Forderungen zur Prüfung der Homogenität von Zentren bei Multicenter-Studien N2 - Es wird argumentiert, daß bei der Prüfung der Homgenität von Zentren in mehrfaktoriellen Multicenter-Studien vor allem entscheidend ist, daß sich die Zentren in den faktoriellen Variablen nicht unterscheiden, deren Effekte in der späteren Auswertung interpretiert werden sollen. Dazu wird folgendes Procedere vorgeschlagen: (1) überprüfe, ob in allen Zentren die Randomisierungsbedingungen eingehalten wurden, (2) überprüfe, ob die Zentren homogen bezogen auf die eingebrachten Schichtvariablen (z.B. Geschlecht, Indikation) sind und (3) überprüfe, ob die Zentren homogen sind bezogen auf die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den eingebrachten faktoriellen Variablen. Es wird gezeigt, daß vor allem Forderung (3) für die Interpretationsfähigkeit der Ergebnisse von entscheidender Bedeutung ist. Möglichkeiten der statistischen Prüfung dieser Voraussetzungen werden an einem Beispiel aus der klinischen Prüfung eines Psychopharmakons vorgestellt. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1981 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-101730 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krebs, H. A1 - Janke, W. A1 - Macht, Michael A1 - Weijers, H.-G. A1 - Weyers, P. T1 - Effects of noise-induced stress on eating behavior in food deprived laboratory rats N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55272 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Näslung, J. C. A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Emerging literacy from kindergarten to second grade: Evidence from the Munich Longitudinal Study on the Genesis of Individual Competencies N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50513 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Strian, F. A1 - Lautenbacher, S. A1 - Karlbauer, G. A1 - Hölzl, R. T1 - Emotionale Auswirkungen der autonomen Deafferentierung bei Diabetes-Neuropathie N2 - Bei 46 Typ-I-Diabetikern im Alter zwischen 15 und 44 Jahren wurden die Auswirkungen der viszeralen Deafferentierung bei autonomer Diabetesneuropathie auf körperliche Befindlichkeit und Emotionalität untersucht. Die Erfassung des Ausprägungsgrad der autonomen Neuropathie erfolgte mit vegetativen Funktionstest. Diabetiker ohne Neuropathie (N = 14), mit leichter Neuropathie (N = 23) und mit schwerer Neuropathie (N = 9) wurden miteinander verglichen. Gering ausgeprägte autonome Neuropathie führt zu vegetativen Funktionsstörungen, ist aber gleichzeitig mit einer verminderten Wahrnehmung körperlicher Beschwerden - erfaßt mit der Freiburger Beschwerdenliste - verbunden. Im Streß- und Copingverhalten (SCOPE) und in bestimmten Persönlichkeitsdimensionen (FPI) finden sich dabei Hinweise auf eine verminderte emotionale Reaktivität. Patienten mit fortgeschrittener autonomer Neuropathie haben zumeist ausgeprägte diabetische Folgekrankheiten (diabetische Retinopathie, Makro- und Mikroangiopathie etc.), scheinen aber die damit verbundenen körperlichen Beeinträchtigungen und emotionalen Belastungen nicht stärker als Diabetiker ohne Neuropathie wahrzunehmen. Die autonome Deafferentierung bei Diabetikern scheint somit sowohl zu einer gestörten Wahrnehmung körperlicher Beschwerden wie auch zu einer beeinträchtigten emotionalen Reaktionsfähigkeit zu führen. N2 - Bei 46 Typ-I-Diabetikern im Alter zwischen 15 und 44 Jahren wurden die Auswirkungen der viszeralen Deafferentierung bei autonomer Diabetesneuropathie auf körperliche Befindlichkeit und Emotionalität untersucht. Die Erfassung des Ausprägungsgrad der autonomen Neuropathie erfolgte mit vegetativen Funktionstest. Diabetiker ohne Neuropathie (N = 14), mit leichter Neuropathie (N = 23) und mit schwerer Neuropathie (N = 9) wurden miteinander verglichen. Gering ausgeprägte autonome Neuropathie führt zu vegetativen Funktionsstörungen, ist aber gleichzeitig mit einer verminderten Wahrnehmung körperlicher Beschwerden - erfaßt mit der Freiburger Beschwerdenliste - verbunden. Im Streß- und Copingverhalten (SCOPE) und in bestimmten Persönlichkeitsdimensionen (FPI) finden sich dabei Hinweise auf eine verminderte emotionale Reaktivität. Patienten mit fortgeschrittener autonomer The perception of visceral activity is impaired in diabetics with autonomie neuropathy. This should affect the perception of somatic complaints and the emotional state of these patients. The degree of auronomic neuropathy was examined with three physiological tests for autonomie functions. Differences were evaluated between diabetics without neuropathy (N = 14), with mild neuropathy (N = 23) and with severe neuropathy (N = 9). It was found that mild autonomie neuropathy is related to a small increase in somatic problems (resulting from diabetes). In spite of this, autonomie deafferentation leads to a de~rease in somatic complaints (Freiburger Beschwerden Liste (FBL» and to a reduction in emotionality (assessed with personality questionaires (SCOPE and FPI». Patients with severe autonomie neuropathy exhibit frequent somatic problems. The somatic complaints and the emotionality of these patients are comparable with diabetics without neuropathy. The results show that autonomie deafferentation in diabetics is related to a reduced perception of somatic complaints and a decrease in the emotionality of these patients. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55283 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hommers, Wilfried T1 - Entschuldigung und Reparaturhilfe für Brandschäden durch "Zündeln" im Urteil von Kindern und Erwachsenen N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie KW - Kongress Y1 - 1991 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43463 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich T1 - FACS [Facial Action Coding System] N2 - FACS, Abk. f. Facial Action Coding System, ein von EKMAN u. FRIESEN 1978, entwickeltes, auf den schwedischen Anatomen HJORTSJÖ 1970 zurückgehendes System zur Beschreibung der Mimik. [Wörterbucheintrag] KW - Psychologie KW - FACS Y1 - 1987 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50370 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Geschlechtsunterschiede beim Schriftspracherwerb: Befunde aus den Münchner Längsschnittstudien LOGIK und SCHOLASTIK N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50566 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Gifted children: How different are they? Review of: Lebensumweltanalyse hochbegabter Kinder - Das Marburger Hochbegabtenprojekt N2 - Rezension zu: Detlef H. Rost: Lebensumweltanalyse hochbegabter Kinder - das Marburger Hochbegabtenprojekt. - Seattle, WA: Hogrefe, 1993. - 261 S. - ISBN 3-8017-0479-3 KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87438 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Hans-Peter T1 - Grundlagen und Probleme von Dimensionen in der Psychologie / Heinrich Wottawa N2 - Buchbesprechung von Grundlagen und Probleme von Dimensionen in der Psychologie / Heinrich Wottawa. - Meisenheim am Glan: Hain, 1979. - 122 S., ISBN: 3-445-01927-4. - (Psychologia universalis ; 40) KW - Dimension KW - Psychologie KW - Skalierung KW - Testtheorie KW - Faktorenanalyse KW - Rezension Y1 - 1980 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41546 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Hartl, Lydia A1 - Marquardt, Christian A1 - Stalmann, Henrica A1 - Strian, Friedrich T1 - Heartbeat and arrhythmia perception in diabetic autonomic neuropathy N2 - A comparative study of diabetics with autonomic neuropathy (N = 13) as against nonneuropathic diabetics (N = 16) and healthy control persons (N = 20) was carried out with respect 10 heart rate both at rest and under stress, frequency of cardiac arrhythmias in a 24-h ECG and accuracy of heartbeat and arrhythmia perception. In the subjects with diabetic autonomic neuropathy, the spontaneaus variability and stress-induced reactivity of the heart rate as weil as the number of tachycardic episodes were reduced, whereas the frequency of ventricular extrasystoles was somewhat increased. Impaired heartbeat perception and a complete Ioss of perception of arrhythmias as a consequence of neuropathic deafferentation could be demonstrated. Cardiac perception disordersalso playavital roJe in other clinical problems, e.g. silent myocardial infarction and Iack of awareness of hypoglycaemia in diabetes mellitus. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1991 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-73599 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich A1 - Rimé, Bernard T1 - Individual differences in emotional reactions N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1986 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50252 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Kausalmodelle zur Beschreibung und Erklärung von Rechtschreibleistungen in der Grundschule - Eine Sekundäranalyse T1 - Testing causal models of spelling ability - A secondary analysis N2 - Vorgestellt wird ein Versuch, die in der einschlägigen literatur postulierte multifaktorielle Bedingtheit von Rechtschreibleistungen in der Grundschule über ein angemessenes methodisches Design zu prüfen. Zentral ist dabei die Frage, ob sich identische Kausalstrukturen für beginnende und geübte Rechtschreiber (Schüler der zweiten w. vierten Klasse) nachweisen lassen. Konventioneffe Verfahren der Kausafanafysa hatten sich in der Primärstudie (Schneider 1980) als unökonomisch und wenig aussagekräftig erwiesen, 10 daß in der Sekundäranalvse auf eine flexiblere Prozedur zurückgegriffen wird. Mit diesem Verfahren zur AnaIVse von Strukturgleichungssysteman (LiSREL) ist es möglich, für die Gruppe der Zweitund Viertkläßler Modelle zu entwickeln und zu überprüfen, die mit den Ausgangsdaten kompatibel sind. Als wesentliches Ergebnis zeigt sich, daß die theoretisch postulierte Bedingungsstruktur nur für die Viertkläßler (eingeschränkt) bestätigt werden kann, während für die Schüler der zweiten Klassenstufe ein grundlegend verschiedenes Muster resultiert. N2 - In this studv an attempt is made to find a ca usa I pattern describing and explaining spelling in elementarv school children. The main question concerns the structural equivalence of this pattern for beginning and advanced speilers (second w. fourth graden). Whereas in a primary analysis (Schneider 1980) the limitations of traditional path analytic procedur81 made it impossible to handle the problem adequate' V, the advantages of a more flexible program system (LISREL) can be demonstrated in this secondary analysis. Parsimonious and rat her elegant causal models are constructed and tested for both age groupI, showing different causal panerns for beginning and advanced speilers. Only in case of the fourth graders the resulting causal structure has soma simifarity to the modal derived from theoreticaf assumptions. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1982 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50546 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krüger, Hans-Peter A1 - Kohnen, Ralph T1 - Kognitive, emotionale und physiologische Determinanten sozialer Zustände N2 - The psychological and physiological effects of a socially oriented sensitivity training were evaluated. It is shown that decreased physical distance as well as increased intimacy yields high activation, both in psychological measures (experienced stress) and in pulse frequences. One result (highly significant and replicated in other experiments) was paradoxical: when Ss had to caress the face of a heterosexual vis-a-vis, they reported high experienced stress, but pulse frequences dropped rapidely below the resting pulse. Some suggestions are made to explain these findings. The question arises whether an autonomic somatic process, induced by social Stimulation, but independent of the cognitive coping is responsible for these results. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1981 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86055 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Macht, Michael T1 - Kovariation und Dissoziation psychophysiologischer Variablen unter kurzzeitig verminderter Energiezufuhr N2 - no abstract available KW - Psychologie KW - Medizinische Psychologie KW - Kongress KW - Magdeburg <1994> KW - Physiologische Psychologie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80187 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Bös, Klaus A1 - Rieder, H. T1 - Leistungsprognose bei jugendlichen Spitzensportlern N2 - Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Versuch gemacht, neuere Befunde der kognitiven Psychologie, insbesondere der Expertiseforschung, zur Entwicklung außergewöhnlicher Fertigkeiten und Kenntnisse auf den Bereich des Sports zu übertragen und damit deren Generalisierungsmöglichkeiten zu prüfen. In einem ersten Schritt werden dabei die Grundannahmen der traditionellen fähigkeitsorientierten Leistungsprognose mit denen der neueren Expertiseforschung verglichen und im Hinblick auf ihre empirische Bewährung untersucht. Der zweite Schritt besteht darin, daß mögliche Parallelen zwischen der Entwicklung kognitiver und sportlicher Expertise aufgezeigt und an Fallbeispielen demonstriert werden. Dies leitet zum Schwerpunkt des vorliegenden Beitrags über, der in einer Reanalyse von Daten besteht, die im Rahmen einer fünfjährigen Längsschnittstudie an jugendlichen deutschen Tennistalenten gewonnen wurden (vgl. Rieder, Krahl, Sommer, Weicker & Weiss, 1983). Da in dieser Untersuchung sowohl Daten zur Entwicklung allgemeiner motorischer Basisfähigkeiten wie auch zur Entwicklung sportartspezifischer Fertigkeiten erhoben worden waren, ließ sich die Bedeutsamkeit dieser beiden Komponenten für den sportlichen Erfolg relativ genau bestimmen. Weiterhin waren Informationen zu Hintergrundmerkmalen wie z.B. der elterlichen Unterstützung, der Trainingsintensität sowie Merkmalen der Motivation und Konzentration verfügbar, von denen anzunehmen war, daß sie zusätzlich dazu geeignet sein sollten, individuelle Unterschiede in den beobachteten Entwicklungsverläufen zu erklären. KW - Aufmerksamkeit KW - Leistung KW - Sportpsychologie KW - Kongress KW - Ringberg KW - Kognitive Psychologie KW - Aufsatzsammlung KW - Leistungssport KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50556 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich T1 - Mensch - Umwelt - Beziehungen : Soziale Interaktion und soziale Kognition N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50290 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Metagedächtnis - Theoretische Fundierung und praktische Relevanz N2 - Wolfgang Schneider fasst den Stand der Forschung zum Konzept des Metagedächtnisses zusammen. Zunächst illustriert er Probleme der Definition und der Konzeptualisierung von Metagedächtnis und lässt eine knappe Charakterisierung der wichtigsten- Erfassungsmethoden folgen. Abschliessend werden die wichtigsten Befunde zur Entwicklung des Metagedächtnisses im Kindesalter und ihre Beziehung zur Anwendung von Gedächtnisstrategien und zur Entwicklung von Gedächtnisleistungen dargestellt. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50488 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Methodische Ansätze der empirischen Erziehungs- und Sozialisationsforschung N2 - No abstract available. KW - Methode KW - Sozialisation KW - Pädagogik KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87454 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hommers, Wilfried T1 - Multinomiale und Bayes-statistische konfigurale Klassifikation T1 - Multi-nomial and Bayes-statistical configural classification N2 - Ein Verfahren zur Klassifikation von Pbn aufgrund individueller Abweichung von der Annahme wiederholter multinornialer Zufallsereignisse und aufgrund individueller maximaler Likelihood der Zugehörigkeit zu einer bestimmten Gruppe wird nebst Modelltest dargelegt. Als Anwendungsbeispiel wird über die Ergebnisse bei zwei denkbaren Klassifikationen in verschiedenen Therapiemotivationsgruppen berichtet N2 - The author suggests a method and a "model test" for the classification of subjects on grounds on individual deviation from the assumption of repeated multi-nomial chance encounters and on grounds of individual maximallikelihood of membership in a certain group. The author reports on the results reached with two conceivable classifications into different therapy-motivation groups. (L. Canders) französisch: L'auteur presente - avec test-modele - un procede permettant de c1asser les sujets selon leur tendance individuelle a s'ecarter de la croyance aux evenements fortuits multinomiques repetes et selon la likelihood maximale individuelle d'appartenance a un groupe precis. En guise d'application, on relate les resultats dans le cas de deux classifications possibles dans deux groupes differents de motivation therapeutique. (J. Chanel) KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1978 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43798 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Neuere Trends der Rechtschreibforschung N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1982 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50475 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Macht, Michael A1 - Schultz-Gambard, Evelyn A1 - Morley, John T1 - Neurochemische Regulation der Nahrungsaufnahme und emotionale Reaktivität im Hungerzustand N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1995 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55243 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich T1 - Nichtverbale Kommunikation N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1987 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50383 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich T1 - Nonverbale Kommunikation N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1986 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50230 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vollmer, H. C. A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich A1 - Ferstl, R. T1 - Prediction of premature termination of therapy in the treatment of drug addicts N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50274 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Macht, Michael T1 - Psychische und somatische Wirkungen einer kurzzeitigen Verminderung der Energiezufuhr unter Ruhebedingungen und emotionaler Belastung N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55251 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Herschbach, P. A1 - Weiner, H. A1 - von Rad, M. T1 - Psychologische Faktoren der Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia (NUD) N2 - Given the absence of any demonstrable organic reason for non~ulcer dyspepsia. and the weil known fact, that the psyche inOuences stomach function, it is widely held, that psychological factors cause NUD. To now, studies are concerned with the psychopathology and personality of NUDpatients, their illness behaviour, and with the relation between stress and abdominal pain. A critical review of these studies revea1ed, that among the psycho1ogical variables majnly anxiety and illness behaviour seems to playa central role in NUD. However. future studjes should focus more on the distinction towards other funcüonal disorders and on the djfferentation within the heterogeneous group of NUD~ patients (especially with regard to physiological variables). Besides this, it seems rewarding to examine the so far seienlifidy neglected group of subjects with abdomina] pain, who do not contact a physician. N2 - Da organische Ursachen für die Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia nicht nachweisbar sind und außerdem bekannt ist, daß die Psyche einen wichtigen Einfluß auf die Magenfu nktion hat. werden häufig psychologische Faktoren als Ursache der NUD angesehen. Bisher liegen empirische Arbeiten über die Psychopathologie und Persönlichkeitsstruktur der NUD-Patienten. deren Krankheitsverhalten sowie über den Zusammenhang zwischen Streß und Magenbeschwerden vor. Eine kritische Sichtung dieser Arbeiten ergab, daß umer den psychologischen Variablen die Angst und das Krankheitsverhalten der NUD-Patienten eine besondere Rolle zu spielen scheinen. In zukünftigen Studien sollte außerdem mehr als bisher auf die Abgrenzung gegenüber anderen funktionellen Störungsbildern und auf eine bessere Differenzierung (u. a. hinsichtlich physiologischer Funktionsveränderungen) innerhalb der heterogenen Gruppe der NUD-Patienten geachtet werden. Lohnenswert erscheint es auch, die bisher noch gar nicht untersuchten Personen mit Magenbeschwerden, aber ohne Arztkomakt. genauer psychologisch zu untersuchen. KW - Psychologie KW - Psychosomatik KW - Non-ulcer dyspepsia KW - functional dyspepsia KW - psychology Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80202 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich A1 - Wagner, H. A1 - Clarke, AH T1 - Psychopathological states and their effects on speech and gaze behaviour N2 - Internal characteristics such as depressed mood, anxiety and general negative emotions are accompanied, particularly during depressive illness, by changes in observable behaviour. Accordingly, the following questions may be examined: are intra-individual changes in speech and gaze behaviour related to changes in the internal psychopathological state? Further, do these changes occur synchronously to changes in the state of subjective well-being? A longitudinal study was made on depressed patients. Their behaviour was observed during standardised interviews and diagnostic-therapeutic discussions held at regu~ lar intervals. Various speech and gaze parameters were examined with respect to their coordination and their relationship to the subjective state of well-being. Considerable variation was found in the temporal relationship amongst these variables. The results are discussed with respect to the relevance of speech parameters and the coordination of verbal and nonverbal behaviour as indicators of the psychopathological condition. KW - Psychologie KW - Social interaction KW - depression KW - verbal and nonverbal behaviour KW - speech KW - looking behaviour KW - dyadic interaction KW - single case study Y1 - 1980 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50323 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Macht, Michael T1 - Psychophysiological effects of a short-term reduction of energy supply N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55269 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hommers, Wilfried T1 - Rechtliche Aspekte der Schadenswiedergutmachung als psychologische Problemstellung: Zum Gegenstand der Rechtspsychologie N2 - An rechtsbezogenen empirischen Arbeiten zur Schadenswiedergutmachung kann die echte Wechselseitigkeit im Verhältnis von Recht und Psychologie im Einklang mit Hommers (1981) weiter belegt werden. Da die Psychologie somit nicht nur Hilfsfunktion für die Rechtspflege, sondern die rechtlichen Gedankengänge auch umgekehrt in gewissen Bereichen Hilfsfunktion für die psychologische Theorienbildung besitzen, wird eine hinreichende Gegenstandsdefinition der Rechtspsychologie erreicht, in der eine eigenständige Rechtspsychologie i.e.S. gegenpartnerisch neben der Vereinigung der hi7fswissenschaftlichen Kriminal- und Forensischen Psychologie existiert. KW - Psychologie KW - Kongress Y1 - 1985 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43488 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Rechtschreibdiagnose in der Grundschule - Theoretische und empirische Analysen zur spezifischen Problematik T1 - Specific difficulties in assessing spelling competencies in elemantary schools N2 - Theoretische Analysen zum Problem des Recht-Schreibens weisen darauf hin, daß weniger Intelligenzmerkmale als vielmehr Gedächtnis'eistungen bei dem Erwerb der Schriftsprache von Bedeutung sind. Daraus folgt, daß für die Prüfwörter in normierten Rechtschreibtests zumindest hinreichende Vorkommensfrequenz gewährleistet sein sollte. Diese Frage wird in der vorliegenden Untersuchung am Beispiel des Allgemeinen Schulleistungstests überprüft: für die ausgewählten Klassenstufen kann gezeigt INerden, daß die Vorkommenshäufigkeit der PrüfWÖfter nicht ausreicht und damit wenig geeignet ist, um die tatsächliche Rechtschreibfertigkeit zu erfassen. Der Vergleich mit mehreren eng am Curriculum orientierten Diktatproben kann gleichzeitig die Schwierigkeiten verdeutlichen, die dann entstehen, wenn zuverlässige Bestimmungen der individuellen Rechtschreibkompetenz vorgenommen werden sollen. N2 - While there seems to be a long tradition in educationalliterature postulating astriet connection between spetting ability and test i ntelligence , recent theoretical analyses of the spetting process have emphasized the importance of basic memory skills. As a consequence ward frequency should be controlled in order to test individual spelUng competence. For a specific norm-oriented speUing test the empirical analysis can show that the importance of sufficient ward frequencv has been underestimated. The comperison with four other criterion.ariented spelling tests proves that the norm.ariented procedure cannot assess the true spelling competence; but it shows, tao, the general difficulty to come to a reliable estimation of individual spetting ,kills. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1981 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50535 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Hasselhorn, Marcus T1 - Situational context features and memory development : insights from replications of Istomina's experiment N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50397 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Clarke, AH A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich A1 - Wagner, H. T1 - Situational effects on the syntax of speech and gaze behaviour in dyads N2 - A substantial literature exists on the coordination of speaking and looking behaviour and their significance as indicators for the production and reception of social information. Within this framework, the temporal organisation of such behaviour has been 'shown to reflect both the coordination within the individual and between participants in a situation. In this paper, it is proposed that observed behavioural sequences may be formally described by rules of syntax, thus implying the likelihood of structural organisation as opposed to, for example, linear time dependence between behavioural states. This being the case, differing sets of rules and grammars respectively can be expected for various social situations. Clinical interviews and discu~sions between couples on a topic of marital conflict were analysed, the on-off patterns of speech and gaze being taken as data. The resulting behavioural repertoire was regarded, in the sense of a formal grammar, as the terminal vocabulary. A set of rewriting rules was determined and their associated probabilities inferred. The situational conditions were found to be reflectedin the syntactic features of the grammatical model - the terminal vocabulary, the production rules and the production probabilities. KW - Psychologie KW - Social interaction KW - verbal and nonverbal communication KW - mathematical linguistics KW - grammar KW - rules of syntax KW - behavioural analysis Y1 - 1980 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50316 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weyers, P. A1 - Janke, W. A1 - Macht, Michael A1 - Weijers, H.-G. T1 - Social and nonsocial open field behaviour of rats under light and noise stimulation N2 - ln two experiments, male rats were observed in pairs under different environmental stimulations in an open field. ln Experiment 1, white noise of 85 dB(A) reduced social activities and increased defecation compared to 75 dB(A) and 65 dß(A). ln Experiment 2, the illumination of the open field was varied in addition to a variation of the noise intensity. Again, 85 dB(A) as compared to 50 dB(A) reduced social activities and increased defecation, but also led to changes in non-social behaviours such as sniffing, grooming, and rearing. ln contrast, 400 lx did not differ substantially in its effects from 40 lx in any of the observed behavioural categories. Altogether, the behaviour pattern under 85 dß(A) white noise cannot satisfactorily be explained only by increased anxiety or fear. Alternative explanations are discussed. KW - Psychologie KW - Social activity KW - Stress KW - Light stimulation KW - Noise stimulation KW - Environment KW - open field behaviour KW - Emotionality KW - Rat Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61246 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kurtz, Beth A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Borkowski, John G. A1 - Carr, Martha A1 - Turner, Lisa A. T1 - Sources of memory and metamemory development: Societal, parental, and educational influences N2 - This project had two goals: (1) to examine the impact of strategy training on memory performance in German and American children, and (2) to search for environmental correlates of individual differences in cognitive processes. Following pretesting, 437 children were divided into training and control groups, with the former receiving training in clustering strategies. Trained children showed sizable strategy maintenance and transfer effects two weeks and six months later. Parents and teachers completed questionnaires about the teaching of strategies and their attributional beliefs about children's academic successes and failures. The differences in strategie behavior and attributions of German and American children were due, in part, to differences in strategy-enriched environments. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1988 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50524 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich T1 - Spezifische Signalsysteme in der menschlichen Interaktion N2 - Nonverbal communicative behaviours are associated with affective states in a way specific to the individual. This result emerged from longitudinal studies on depressed patients. From the analysis of various nonverbal behaviours it can be concluded that the depressed state is indicated by nonverbal elements in a logical "or-" rather than "and-connection" or in a hierarchical way. It is maintained that the relationship of psychological relevant states (mood) and nonverbal behaviour needs to be studied by intra-individual comparisons to reveal the specifically close relationships effective in everyday communication. With regard to the pragmatic aspect of communication, elements in the nonverbal signalling system seem to possess different levels of generality. However, from decoding studies it can be shown that even very subtle behavioural differences can be detected by an observer. Thus specific signals can become effective in interaction given a familiarity with the idiosyncratic usage. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1983 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50212 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich A1 - Bänninger-Huber, E. T1 - The coding of reported emotional experiences: antecedents and reactions N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1986 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50247 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krüger, Hans-Peter A1 - Lehmacher, Walter A1 - Wall, K. - D. T1 - The Fourfold Table up to N=80 T1 - Die Vierfeldtafel bis N=80 N2 - No abstract available. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1981 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87053 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich A1 - Wallbott, HG T1 - The German case: personality correlates of emotional reactivity N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1986 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50266 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Brun, Hedwig T1 - The role of context in young children's memory performance: Istomina revisited N2 - According to more recent studies on memory development in young children, preschoolers and kindergarteners are able to demonstrate surprisingly good memory skills in natural as weH as in laboratory-type settings. This finding is not consistent with the results of a study by Istomina (1975), conducted in 1948, leading to the concJusion that (a) preschoolers do not use voluntary remembering, and (b) children generally recall better in play situations than in typical experimental settings. In this study, two experiments were conducted to replicate Istomina's research. In the first, it was shown that Istomina's findings were replicable when methodological problems in the procedure were ignored. Experiment 2 improved methodologically upon Istomina's experimental methods and did not produce results to support her concJusions. Four- and 6-year-olds showed voluntary memory in play activities as weH as in laboratory-type settings, and remembered equally weB in both contexts. The results did not support the assumption that memory performance in young children can be substantially facilitated by motivating contexts. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1987 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-52726 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wimmer, Heinz A1 - Landerl, Karin A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - The role of rhyme awareness in learning to read a regular orthography N2 - The present research examined whether children's awareness of phonological similarities between words with respect to rhyme and consonantal word onset is of the same importance for learning to read German as it was found to be for learning to read English. In two longitudinal studies differences in phonological sensitivity among children before learning to read (at age 6 to 7) were tested with versions of Bradley & Bryant's (1985) oddity detection task. Children's reading and spelling achievements were tested about one year later at the end of grade one, and again at around the age of 10. The main finding was a developmental change in the predictive relationship of rhyme and word-onset awareness. Rhyme awareness was only minimally predictive for reading and spelling achievement at the end of grade one, but gained substantially in predictive importance for reading and spelling achievement in grades three and four. No such predictive improvement was observed for word-onset awareness. It is proposed that rhyme awareness is initially of little importance, because in the first phase of learning to read German children rely heavily on indirect word recognition via grapheme--phoneme translation and blending. The gain in the predictive importance of rhyme awareness is explained by its helpful effect on the establishment of mental representations of written words. Such mental representations allow fast, direct word recognition and orthographically correct spellings. A wareness of larger phonological units is helpful for the efficient establishment of such representations, by allowing connections of recurring grapheme clusters in written words with phonology. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50508 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hommers, Wilfried T1 - Urteilsbildung : Entwicklung der Informationen-Integration im Urteil N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie KW - Kongress Y1 - 1983 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43497 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich T1 - Verhaltensmedizin N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1990 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50304 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pfister, Roland A1 - Pohl, Carsten A1 - Kiesel, Andrea A1 - Kunde, Wilfried T1 - Your Unconscious Knows Your Name N2 - One’s own name constitutes a unique part of conscious awareness – but does this also hold true for unconscious processing? The present study shows that the own name has the power to bias a person’s actions unconsciously even in conditions that render any other name ineffective. Participants judged whether a letter string on the screen was a name or a non-word while this target stimulus was preceded by a masked prime stimulus. Crucially, the participant’s own name was among these prime stimuli and facilitated reactions to following name targets whereas the name of another, yoked participant did not. Signal detection results confirmed that participants were not aware of any of the prime stimuli, including their own name. These results extend traditional findings on ‘‘breakthrough’’ phenomena of personally relevant stimuli to the domain of unconscious processing. Thus, the brain seems to possess adroit mechanisms to identify and process such stimuli even in the absence of conscious awareness. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75304 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hommers, Wilfried T1 - Zur Gültigkeit des objektiven Erwartungsmaximierungsmodells beim Entscheidungsverhalten von Schulkindern N2 - Frühere Untersuchungen zum Entscheidungsverhalten von Kindern lassen zwei Interpretationen sogenannter lagebedingter Wahlen zu. Entscheidungen von 8- bis 14jährigen Schülern zeigten, daß sich lagebedingte Wahlen als orientiert am Erwartungsmaximum bezeichnen lassen. Die Beziehung zwischen Orientierung am Erwartungsmaximum und den Variablen Alter, Schulzugehörigkeit und Vorerfahrung erwies sich als positiv. Weiterhin konnte die Abhängigkeit der Wahlhäufigkeit des Erwartungsmaximums von der Hervorgehobenheit des Erwartungsmaximums nachgewiesen werden. Die Gültigkeit des objektiven Erwartungsmaximierungsmodells mußte aber wegen verschiedener Befunde eingeschränkt werden. N2 - Previous investigations on the decisive behabiour of children allow two interpretations of so-called situation-related choices. Decisions of students aged 8 to 14 years showed that choices due to situations may be regarded as oriented toward the expectation maximum. The relation between this orientation and variables such as age, type of school and previous experience proved to be positive. Furthermore it was verified that the frequency of choice of the expectation maximum depends on the accentuation of the expectation maximum. However, the validity of the objective model of expectation maximation had to bc restricted because of various findings KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1975 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43784 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hommers, Wilfried A1 - Trempler, V. T1 - Zur Problematik sozialpsychologischer Interpretation des Verhaltens von Kindern in Zwei-Personen-Spielen N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1979 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43860 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hommers, Wilfried T1 - Zur quantitativen Theorie von Wiedergutmachungskognitionen unter Gewinnung ihrer Merkmale aus der Jurisprudenz N2 - Grundzüge des rechtswissenschaftlichen Gedankenguts zur Schadenswiedergutmachung werden psychologischen Ansätzen dazu gegenübergestellt. Das Ergebnis ist die Feststellung, daß die stimulusbezogene Urteilsrelevanz der Schadenswiedergutmachung nicht in der psychologischen Forschung berücksichtigt wurde. Ein diesbezüglicher Untersuchungsansatz sollte sechs Merkmale besitzen: multifaktoriell, multivariat, Stimulus-Response-vergleichend, quantitativ, ontogenetisch und individual-diagnostisch. Er bildet den Prototyp eines die Moral positiver und negativer Akte umfassenden Ansatzes zur moralischen Urteilsbildung, des ses erste Ergebnisse beschrieben werden. KW - Psychologie KW - Kongress Y1 - 1983 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43519 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hommers, Wilfried T1 - Zur Skalierung des subjektiven Werts von Zensuren bei Schulkindern N2 - Der Schwerpunkt empirisch-psychologischer Auseinandersetzung mit der Problematik von Schulzensuren lag bei der Prüfung ihrer Testgütekriterien. Diese Arbeit befaßt sich dagegcn mit dem subjektiven Wert von Schulnoten. Vorrangige Aufgabe war bislang die Erstellung eines Meßverfahrens für den subjektiven Wert der Schulnoten. Allgemeines Kennzeichen des hier benutzten Verfahrens ist seine entsehcidungstheoretische Grundlegung und die Zielsetzung, die Ab'stände der Zensurenwerte zu definieren. Untcr Verwendung dieser Methode liegen Arbeiten von BECKER und SIEGEL [1J, SCHMIDT [6J und SCHl\'IIDT u. a. [7J vor. Den Untersuchungen ist gemeinsam, daß als Ypn mindestens 17 Jahre alte Schüler oder Studenten mitwirkten. Auch in der methodisch anders ansetzenden Arbeit von MÜLLERFOHRBRODT und DANN [5J zu diesem Problembereich stammten die Vpn aus der umschriehenen Altcrsgruppe. Übergeordnetes Ziel dieser Arbeit ist deswegen die Prüfung der Durchführbarkeit einer entscheidungstheoretischen Skalierungsmethode hei Schülern jüngeren Alters. N2 - Two sampIes (N = 309) of fourth, sixth, and eighth graders were uscd to try a decision-theoretieal scaling method of determining the subjective value of marks under threc instructions, namely, promotion, dass excrcise with the use of probabilities, and dass exereise without the use of probahilitics. Comparisons with results of similar studies show considerable differences. Considerations and evaluations of one- and two-dimensionality of behavior gavc no unequivocal results. There seem to be two groups, one comprising 'confidence' and the other 'random' sclectors. Accordingly, the decision-theoretical scaling method is not applicable to pupils of thc age gl'OUPS used in this test, if the particular situations involve certain prohabilities. Some of the tests whieh were eonducted without the use of probabilities yielded positive results. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1977 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43855 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hommers, Wilfried T1 - Zur Validität der Portfolio-Theorie im Entscheidungsverhalten von Schulkindern N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1976 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43775 ER -