TY - JOUR A1 - Schlenkrich, Oliver T1 - Identifying Profiles of Democracies: A Cluster Analysis Based on the Democracy Matrix Dataset from 1900 to 2017 JF - Politics and Governance N2 - This study examines types of democracies that result from trade-offs within the democratic quality. Recently, the existence and relevance of trade-offs has been widely discussed. The idea is that the functions associated with the quality of democracy cannot all be maximized simultaneously. Thus, trade-offs are expressed in distinct profiles of democracy. Different profiles of democracy favour certain democracy dimensions over others due to their institutional design. Conceptually, we differentiate between four different democracy profiles: a libertarian-majoritarian (high political freedom, lower political equality, and lower political and legal control values), an egalitarian-majoritarian (high equality combined with lower freedom and control values), as well as two control-focused democracy profiles (high control values either with high degrees of freedom or high degrees of equality). We apply a cluster analysis with a focus on cluster validation on the Democracy Matrix dataset—a customized version of the Varieties-of-Democracy dataset. To increase the robustness of the cluster results, this study uses several different cluster algorithms, multiple fit indices as well as data resampling techniques. Based on all democracies between 1900 and 2017, we find strong empirical evidence for these democracy profiles. Finally, we discuss the temporal development and spatial distribution of the democracy profiles globally across the three waves of democracy, as well as for individual countries. KW - cluster analysis KW - democracy KW - democracy profiles KW - quality of democracy KW - trade-offs Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150882 SN - 2183-2463 VL - 7 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lauth, Hans-Joachim A1 - Suda, Martha A1 - Mohamad-Klotzbach, Christoph T1 - Editorial JF - Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft N2 - No abstract available. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235079 SN - 1865-2646 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lin, Hang T1 - A Mixed Bag of Results: Village Elections in Contemporary China N2 - While there is only little transformation to the absolute power of the party-state to be detected, some grassroots democratic experiments, however, are receiving enormous attention of the world, especially village elections. Nevertheless, this preliminary exercise of democracy is widely characterized as a mixed bag of results. Since its first conduction, it has experienced immense development and bought great impact not only on different rural political institutions, but also on common mass villagers, as well as changes to the local governance. But at the same time, the limitations of the factual effectiveness of these elections can hardly be underestimated and such aspects as the standardization of electoral procedures are still to be further improved. Moreover, given the wide variations across Chinese countryside and the strong oppositions from all levels, the future of China’s village elections remain hard to gauge. KW - China KW - Politik KW - Chinese politics KW - Village election KW - Local governance KW - Rural politics Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-68684 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lemm, Lukas T1 - Is there a decline of democracy in the EU between 2004 and 2016? The relevance of data selection: a replication study of Smolka (2021) and comparison of democracy measures JF - Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft N2 - Is there a Decline of Democracy? Democracy measurement provides the basis for answering this question. However, there are different measurement tools based on different meanings of democracy that have been shown to vary in their concept validity. Therefore, it is relevant to examine whether the results of the different measurement tools converge or diverge with respect to a potential decline of democracy. Smolka (2021) finds a decline of democracy for new and old EU states based on standardized data from the Democracy Barometer. A re-analysis using the original data of the Democracy Barometer and the Democracy Matrix can hardly replicate these results. A comparison of further measurements shows that the instruments diverge rather than converge. I therefore conclude with some thoughts on overcoming the selection problem that arises in light of these contrasts. KW - EU member states KW - quality of democracy KW - decline of democracy KW - replication studies KW - robustness checks KW - measuring democracy Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-270107 SN - 1865-2654 VL - 15 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheuermann, Manuela T1 - „Frauen, Frieden und Sicherheit“ unter den Bedingungen der COVID-19 Pandemie T1 - “Women, Peace and Security” under the conditions of COVID-19 pandemics JF - Zeitschrift für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung N2 - Die COVID-19 Pandemie und ihre gesamtgesellschaftlichen Folgen werden zum Stresstest für die globale Agenda „Frauen, Frieden und Sicherheit“. Mit dieser Agenda verfolgt die Weltgemeinschaft seit dem Jahr 2000 das Ziel, Frauen in Situationen von gewaltsamen Konflikten und in der Phase des Wiederaufbaus vor Gewalt und Menschenrechtsverletzungen zu schützen, ihnen eine belangvolle Partizipation im Friedensprozess zu ermöglichen und so zu einem gendersensiblen Friedensbildungsprozess beizutragen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass die Folgen der Corona-Krise einen Rückfall im Implementierungsprozess der Agenda auslösen könnten, insbesondere in Bezug auf Geschlechterstereotype. Es wird diskutiert ob bestimmte als traditionell-weiblich perzipierte Rollen verfestigt werden und welche Auswirkungen diese Beobachtung auf die Zukunft der globalen Agenda haben könnte. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist hierbei das Konzept der globalen Fürsorge. N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences for society as a whole are becoming a stress test for the global agenda “Women, Peace and Security“. With this agenda, the international community has been pursuing since 2000 the goal of protecting women in situations of violent conflict and in the reconstruction phase from violence and human rights violations, enabling them to participate in the peace process in a meaningful way and thus contributing to a gender-sensitive peacebuilding process. The paper argues that the consequences of the Corona crisis could trigger a relapse in the implementation process of the Agenda, especially with regard to gender stereotypes. It is discussed whether certain roles perceived as traditional feminine are being consolidated and what effects this observation could have on the future of the global agenda. The concept of global care is of particular importance. KW - COVID-19 Pandemie KW - Geschlechterstereotype KW - Rollenbilder von Frauen KW - Feministische Friedensforschung KW - Partizipation von Frauen KW - Globale Fürsorge KW - gender stereotypes KW - female roles KW - feminist peace research KW - female participation KW - global care Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235579 SN - 2192-1741 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Landman, Todd A1 - Lauth, Hans-Joachim T1 - Political Trade-Offs: Democracy and Governance in a Changing World JF - Politics and Governance N2 - The investigation of trade-offs in political science receives only limited attention, although many scholars acknowledge the importance of trade-offs across a variety of different areas. A systematic and comprehensive examination of the topic is missing. This thematic issue of Politics and Governance sheds light on this research deficit by providing a holistic but also an integrative view on trade-offs in the political realm for the first time. Researchers of trade-offs from different political areas present and discuss their findings, and promote a fruitful exchange, which overcomes the current isolation of the approaches. They consider the theoretical and methodological questions as well as the identification of empirical tradeoffs. Furthermore, they provide insights into the possibility to balance trade-offs and strategies, which could help actors to find such compromises. KW - balancing trade-offs KW - constructed trade-offs KW - logical trade-offs KW - trade-offs Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144308 SN - 2183-2463 VL - 7 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Daniel, Antje A1 - Lauth, Hans-Joachim A1 - Rothfuß, Eberhard T1 - Local Self‐Governance and Weak Statehood: A Convincing Liaison? JF - Politics and Governance N2 - This thematic issue addresses the relationship between local self-governance and the state. Self-governance is understood as the rules that emerge in the local social and spatial context. Local self-governance of individual local groups, actors, communities, and their social and institutional arrangements are considered. From this situated collective entanglement, the interactions and relations with state authorities are analysed in the various contributions embedded in local contexts of different world regions and based on empirical social science research containing mostly interdisciplinary approaches. The nine case studies of this thematic issue reflect a variety of statehoods (weak to restrained), divers “intentionalities” of local self-governance (emancipatory and democratic, socio-economically, and socio-culturally oriented, security-driven or ecological), and their state-locality entanglements range between four forms of relationships: mutually supportive, conflictual, ambivalent, and avoiding. KW - local self‐governance KW - restrained statehood KW - self‐organisation KW - state KW - weak statehood Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-321149 SN - 2183-2463 VL - 11 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stark, Toralf A1 - Pickel, Susanne A1 - Osterberg-Kaufmann, Norma A1 - Mohamad-Klotzbach, Christoph T1 - „Dysfunktionale Demokratie(n): Merkmale, Ursachen und Folgen“. Digitale Jahrestagung des AK Demokratieforschung der DVPW am 11. März 2021 JF - Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft N2 - Kein Abstract vorhanden. KW - dysfunktionale Demokratie KW - Systemtheorie KW - Strukturfunktionalismus Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-270084 SN - 1865-2654 VL - 15 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kestler, Thomas A1 - Lucca, Juan Bautista A1 - Krause, Silvana T1 - 'Break-In Parties' and Changing Patterns of Democracy in Latin America JF - Brazilian Political Science Review N2 - Although Lijphart's typology of consensus and majoritarian democracy can be regarded as the most widely used tool to classify democratic regimes, it has been rarely applied to Latin America so far. We try to fill this gap by adapting Lijphart's typological framework to the Latin American context in the following way. In contrast to previous studies, we treat the type of democracy as an independent variable and include informal factors such as clientelism or informal employment in our assessment of democratic patterns. On this basis, we aim to answer the following questions. First, how did the patterns of democracy evolve in Latin America over the two decades between 1990 and 2010 and what kind of differences can be observed in the region? Second, what are the institutional determinants of the observed changes? We focus on the emergence of new parties because of their strong impact on the first dimension of Lijphart's typology. From our observations we draw the following tentative conclusions: If strong new parties established themselves in the party system but failed to gain the presidency, they pushed the system towards consensualism. Conversely, new parties that gained the presidency produced more majoritarian traits. KW - break-in parties KW - types of government KW - Latin America KW - democracy KW - informality Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171333 VL - 10 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kestler, Thomas T1 - Exploring the Relationship Between Social Movement Organizations and the State in Latin America JF - Politics and Governance N2 - Under conditions of weak statehood, societal actors are supposed to assume functions usually attributed to the state. Social self-organization is expected to emerge when the state leaves important social problems unattended. Should social self-organization, therefore, be regarded as a reaction to state weakness and as compensation for state failure in the provision of basic services? Does society organize itself on its own in areas where the state is absent or ineffective? By the example of two Latin American social movements, this article aims to show that social self-organization—at least on a larger scale—is not independent of the state, but rather a result of a dynamic interaction with the state. The two examples this article explores are the middle-class Venezuelan neighborhood movement and the Argentine piquetero movement of unemployed workers. Both movements emerged as reactions to the state’s failure and retreat from essential social functions and both developed into extensive and influential social actors. For that reason, they can be regarded as crucial cases for observing the patterns and conditions of social self-organization and autonomous collective action within the specific Latin American context. Despite their different backgrounds and social bases, the two cases reveal remarkable similarities. They show that the emergence and development of self-organized social groups cannot be conceived simply as a reaction to state weakness, but rather should be viewed as a dynamic interaction with the state. KW - Argentina KW - neighborhood movement KW - piquetero movement KW - social movements KW - social self‐organization KW - state–society relations KW - Venezuela Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-321152 SN - 2183-2463 VL - 11 IS - 2 ER -