TY - JOUR A1 - Reber, Elisabeth T1 - Constructing evidence at Prime Minister's Question Time: An analysis of the grammar, semantics and pragmatics of the verb see JF - Intercultural Pragmatics N2 - Abstract Constructing evidence constitutes a practice to establish the speaker's authority at Prime Minister's Question Time (PMQT), a weekly half-hour session in the British House of Commons. Here the verb see constitutes a resource for both the questioning Leader of the Opposition (LO) and Members of Parliament (MP) as well as for the responding Prime Minister (PM) to claim first-hand perceptual experience. This paper takes an integrated approach, offering a combined analysis of the grammatical formatting, semantics and pragmatics of the verb see in the context of evidential moves at PMQT. It shows how the verb see is functional in referring to the perceptual basis of a claim made and how its grammatical formatting is reflective of the contingencies of the local interactional context. The analysis is grounded in 32 sessions of PMQT (ca. 16 hrs of video-recordings). The results can be summarised as follows: 1) The evidential function of the verb is achieved through its context-specific grammatical formatting and semantics. 2) The reference to the perceptual basis of a claim evoked by see may co-occur with epistemic qualification and evaluative expressions. 3) The formatting of the verb may be indexical of the political relationship between the questioner and the responding PM. KW - parliamentary interaction KW - perception KW - evidentiality KW - epistemic modality KW - see Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195549 SN - 1613-365X SN - 1612-295X N1 - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 357 EP - 387 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gwosdek, Hedwig T1 - Nicholas Orme. English School Exercises, 1420–1530. Studies and Texts 181. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2013, xi + 441 pp., $ 95.00. JF - Anglia N2 - No abstract available. KW - exercise Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195318 SN - 1865-8938 SN - 0340-5222 N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 132 IS - 3 ER - TY - THES A1 - Medynska, Thomas T1 - Metaphorik in der ministeriellen Fragestunde in Parlamenten des Commonwealth of Nations – eine kontrastive Analyse unter spezieller Berücksichtigung von pragmatischen und interkulturellen Gesichtspunkten T1 - Metaphors in ministerial question times in parliaments of the Commonwealth of Nations - a contrastive analysis in special consideration of pragmatic and intercultural aspects N2 - In demokratischen Regierungssystemen sind die Minister als Agenten der exekutiven Staatsgewalt gegenüber dem Parlament für ihre Handlungen verantwortlich. Die ministerielle Fragestunde ist hierbei ein gewichtiges Kontollinstrument und Gegenstand der vorliegenden kontrastiven Metaphernanalyse unter spezieller Berücksichtigung von pragmatischen und kulturellen Gesichtspunkten. Neben einer Diskussion und Kontextualisierung kognitiver Metapherntheorien wird vor allem im Rahmen einer Korpusanalyse festgestellt, welche Quelldomänen in diesem Diskursgenre quantitativ am häufigsten und qualitativ am bedeutsamsten für das zum Zeitpunkt der globalen Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise relevante Makrotopik der Wirtschaftsrezession auftreten; außerdem welche interkulturellen Variationen und Konventionaliäten in den konzeptuellen Metaphern bestehen. N2 - In the course of this contrastive metaphor analysis the metaphoric source domains in the parliamentary discourse of question time are qualitatively and quantitatively examined against the background of cognitive metaphor theories . A detailed original corpus analysis of three versions of question time reveals which intercultural variations and conventionalities exist in the assessed conceptual metaphors KW - Englisch KW - Politische Sprache KW - Metapher KW - Commonwealth KW - Parlament KW - Fragestunde KW - Minister KW - Metaphorik KW - Diskursanalyse KW - kognitive Semantik KW - Korpuslinguistik Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-112089 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ferschke, Oliver T1 - Semantic Relations in WordNet and the BNC N2 - From the introduction: It is not always easy to define what a word means. We can choose between a variety of possibilities, from simply pointing at the correct object as we say its name to lengthy definitions in encyclopaedias, which can sometimes fill multiple pages. Although the former approach is pretty straightforward and is also very important for first language acquisition, it is obviously not a practical solution for defining the semantics of the whole lexicon. The latter approach is more widely accepted in this context, but it turns out that defining dictionary and encyclopaedia entries is not an easy task. In order to simplify the challenge of defining the meaning of words, it is of great advantage to organize the lexicon in a way that the structure in which the words are integrated gives us information about the meaning of the words by showing their relation to other words. These semantic relations are the focal point of this paper. In the first chapter, different ways to describe meaning will be discussed. It will become obvious why semantic relations are a very good instrument to organizing the lexicon. The second chapter deals with WordNet, an electronic lexical database which follows precisely this approach. We will examine the semantic relations which are used in WordNet and we will study the distinct characteristics of each of them. Furthermore, we will see which contribution is made by which relation to the organization of the lexicon. Finally, we will look at the downside of the fact that WordNet is a manually engineered network by examining the shortcomings of WordNet. In the third chapter, an alternative approach to linguistics is introduced. We will discuss the principles of corpus linguistics and, using the example of the British National Corpus, we will consider possibilities to extract semantic relations from language corpora which could help to overcome the deficiencies of the knowledge based approach. In the fourth chapter, I will describe a project the goal of which is to extend WordNet by findings from cognitive linguistics. Therefore, I will discuss the development process of a piece of software that has been programmed in the course of this thesis. Furthermore, the results from a small‐scale study using this software will be analysed and evaluated in order to check for the success of the project. N2 - Der Verfasser beschäftigt sich in seiner Magisterarbeit auf sehr detaillierte Weise mit semantischen Relationen von Wörtern. In einer Projektstudie versucht Herr Ferschke, auf der Basis eines bestehenden semantischen Netzes bestimmte kognitiv-relevante Objekte halb-automatisch herauszufiltern. Untermauert wird sein Projekt durch. eine Befragung Studierender zur konzeptuellen Einordnung dieser Objekte. Im ersten Kapitel legt Oliver Ferschke auf sehr fundierter linguistischer Basis verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Beschreibung von Bedeutung dar. Er unterscheidet unterschiedliche Sichtweisen, was "Bedeutung" ausmacht und stellt diese klar gegenüber. Das zweite Kapitel widmet sich dem semantischen Netzwerk WordNet, welches sogenannte synsets für das Englische beschreibt. Aufbauend auf den in WordNet dargestellten semantischen Relationen stellt der Verfasser an ausgewählten Beispielen dar, wie englische Wörter in dieses Netzwerk eingebunden sind. Er bezieht sich dabei auf semantische Beziehungen wie Hyponymie, Meronymie, Gegenteile, Polysemie und belegt diese mit Beispielen. Darüber hinaus geht er auf einige Desiderata in WordNet ein. Das British National Corpus (BNC) wird im dritten Teil dieser Magisterarbeit eingehend vorgestellt. Für die Projektstudie werden aus diesem Korpus Informationen zur Häufigkeit herangezogen, um spätere Kategorisierungen auf eine möglichst quantitativ-valide Basis zu stellen. Herr Ferschke zeigt die wichtigsten Unterschiede zwischen korpuslinguistischen Herangehensweisen auf der einen Seite sowie strukturalistischen Untersuchungen und solchen, die der generativen Schule angehören, auf der anderen Seite auf. Er schließt seine Betrachtungen zu einer syntaktisch orientierten Angehensweise auf der Basis von patterns ab, die durch häufige syntaktische Muster auf bestimmte semantische Relationen schließen lassen (können). Der Verfasser stellt exemplarisch dar, wie diese patterns in einen CQLquery integriert werden können. Ebenso zeigt Herr Ferschke anhand von möglichen Konstituenten der Nominal- bzw. Präpositionalphrase, wie diese durch automatische Prozeduren im BNC identifiziert werden können. Das vierte Kapitel der vorliegenden Magisterarbeit widmet sich der Projektstudie. Es geht darum, dass Erkenntnisse der Prototypentheorie auf die Struktur von WordNet angewendet werden sollen. Mit Hilfe selbst entwickelter Software wird der Versuch unternommen, bestimmte kognitiv-relevante Ebenen der semantischen Beschreibungen zu identifizieren. Herr Ferschke verfolgt das Ziel, basic level objects innerhalb der Hierarchien von WordNet durch semi-automatische Prozeduren herauszufiltern. Seine Studie besteht aus zwei Teilen: In einem ersten voll automatischen Teil werden Wörter, die bestimmte semantische und quantitative Kriterien erfüllen, durch automatische Prozeduren identifiziert. Diese basic level objects werden im zweiten Teil des Projekts von Probanden in Bezug auf ihre Eigenschaften bewertet. Der Verfasser hat drei unterschiedliche semantische Bereiche ausgewählt, zu denen basic level objects bestimmt werden sollen: athletics, furniture, vehicle. In seinen Auswertungen stellt Herr Ferschke dar, welche potentiellen basic level objects von den Teilnehmern der Studie als solche ausgewählt wurden. Dabei werden sowohl Probleme angesprochen, die den Aufbau von WordNet betreffen und dadurch einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Auswahl der Wörter als basic level objects haben können. Ein zweites Problem, welches Herr Ferschke, diskutiert, ist die Sprachkompetenz der Probanden. Ein weiteres - vom Verfasser nicht genanntes Problem - besteht darin, inwiefern eine vorgegebene Wortdefinition die Bewertung der Studienteilnehmer beeinflusst hat. Ein nicht unwesentlicher Teil der Magisterarbeit besteht in der Konzeption und Umsetzung der Software für die Projektstudie. Dafür sind nicht nur detaillierte Kenntnisse aus dem Bereich der Informatik notwendig, sondern auch ein fundiertes Wissen im Bereich der Linguistik. Durch den Aufbau des Projekts macht Herr Ferschke sehr eindringlich klar, dass er beide Gebiete sehr gut beherrscht. Die vorliegende Arbeit ist aus linguistischer Sicht absolut fundiert und hervorragend dargestellt. Sie umfasst ein breites Spektrum linguistischer Theorien und Erklärungsmodelle und stellt die für dieses Thema wichtigen Aspekte umfassend dar. Die computerlinguistische Komponente ist ebenfalls als sehr gut zu beurteilen, zumal eine Verknüpfung zwischen der Prototypentheorie auf der einen Seite und WordNet auf der anderen Seite nicht ganz einfach ist. Das Problem liegt in erster Linie darin, die gegebene Struktur von WordNet für Aspekte der Prototypentheorie nutzbar zu machen. Dies ist Oliver Ferschke ohne Zweifel gelungen. Die vorliegende Magisterarbeit verdient die Note 'sehr gut' (1,0). KW - WordNet KW - Kognitive Linguistik KW - Kognitive Semantik KW - Linguistik KW - Angewandte Linguistik KW - Java 2 Enterprise Edition KW - Synonymie KW - Hyperonymie KW - Antonym KW - Korpus KW - Semantische Relation KW - Polysemie KW - Taxonomie KW - Logik des Entailment KW - Lin Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-46188 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fick, Annabella T1 - Conrad Hilton, Be My Guest and American Popular Culture JF - European Journal of Life Writing N2 - Hotels are popular settings in European and American literature. They fire readers’ imagination and many of them have a personal relationship to hotels. These institutions are not only alive in the realm of literature but are real existing buildings which have become fixed parts of modern society. Conrad Hilton (1887–1979), founder of the international hotel chain of the same name, was very aware of the glamorous aspects of his field of profession and published his experiences in the autobiography Be My Guest (1957). One copy of the book was placed in each room of the Hilton chain. Due to this Hilton was reaching an enormous audience which inspired other writers to fictionalize Hilton and turn him into a character in their own books. In this paper I will show how Conrad Hilton achieved world-wide fame, partly with the help of his life account. Furthermore, the methods will be explained that he used to present himself as a prototypical American of the Cold War era. I will then focus on two fictional texts, Arthur Hailey’s novel Hotel (1965) and the TV-show Mad Men (2007) by Matthew Weiner, which both incorporated Hilton as a character, yet in very different ways. The aim of this article is to show the potential of celebrity autobiographies to inspire other cultural creations and how authors react very differently to these texts according to their own socio-historical background. N2 - Hotels sind ein beliebter Schauplatz in der europäischen und amerikanischen Literatur. Nicht zuletzt, weil jeder Leser eine persönliche Vorstellung und oft auch Beziehung zum Hotel hat. Denn Hotels beflügeln nicht nur die Fantasie von Schriftstellern, sie sind real existierende Orte, die fester Bestandteil unserer mobilen Gesellschaft sind. Conrad Hilton (1887–1979), Gründer der gleichnamigen internationalen Hotelkette, war sich der Faszination seines Berufsfeldes sehr bewusst und veröffentlichte seine Erfahrungen in einer Autobiographie mit dem Titel Be My Guest (1957). Ein Exemplar davon lies er in jedes Zimmer seiner zahlreichen Hotels legen. Dadurch erreichte sein Lebensbericht eine ungeahnte Reichweite, die andere Schriftsteller dazu inspirierte, Conrad Hilton zu fiktionalisieren und in ihren Texten als Charakter auf sehr unterschiedliche Weise zu verwenden. In diesem Artikel möchte ich darlegen, wie Conrad Hilton nicht zuletzt durch seine Autobiographie zu einer internationalen Berühmtheit wurde und welche Methoden er verwendet, um sich klar als prototypischer Amerikaner der Kalten-Kriegs-Ära zu positionieren. Im weiteren werden zwei fiktionelle Texte, der Roman Hotel (1965) von Arthur Hailey und die Fernsehserie Mad Men (2007-) von Matthew Weiner, hinsichtlich ihrer Verwendung Conrad Hiltons als Antagonist bzw. Protagonist analysiert. Ziel ist es dabei zu zeigen, welches Potenzial eine Prominentenautobiographie zur Inspiration für künstlerisches Schaffen in sich tragen und wie unterschiedlich Autoren auf Grund ihres gesellschaftshistorischen Hintergrundes auf diese Texte reagieren. KW - Mad Men KW - Celebrity Autobiography KW - Hotel KW - Conrad Hilton KW - Cold War KW - Arthur Hailey Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-129221 VL - 2 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fischer, Anne-Rose T1 - Erlesene Stimmen : semantische und funktionale Analyse von Stimmdarstellungen in englischen fiktionalen Texten T1 - Semantics and functions of voice description in fictional texts N2 - Die Arbeit ist eine korpusbasierende Analyse von Stimmbeschreibungen in englischsprachigen fiktionalen Texten, die sowohl einen sprachwissenschaftlich-semantischen als auch einen literaturwissenschaftlichen Ansatzpunkt wählt. Ersterer geht dabei auf den "Pool" des Stimmbeschreibungsmaterials ein, letzterer untersucht die Funktion von Stimmdarstellungen in der Gesamtkonzeption von Figuren und Texten und betrachtet dabei auch Aspekte wie das Verhältnis von Autor-Figur-Leser und die Informationsvergabe in fiktionalen Texten. Für die Analyse wurde ein Korpus aus Romanen, Kurzgeschichten und Dramen des 20. Jahrhunderts erstellt. Um ein möglichst breites Spektrum zu erlangen, wurden Texte von britischen, amerikanischen und Commonwealth-Autoren gewählt. Zudem wurden Trivialromane genauso berücksichtigt wie Werke der "höherstehenden" Literatur. Im Zentrum von Teil I der Analyse steht die semantische Klassifizierung von Stimmbeschreibungen nach klangbeschreibenden (z.B. shrill, rumbling, husky)und sprecherbezogenen Angaben, bei denen auch emotionale, pragmatische und machtstrukturierende Stimmangaben (z.B. happy, apologizing, condescending) eingeschlossen sind, die dem Leser Aufschluß über das Innenleben und die Beziehungsstrukturen von fiktionalen Charakteren geben. Da die Schwierigkeit der Stimmklangwiedergabe für Autoren geradezu eine willkommene Einladung für das Spiel mit Metaphern und ungewöhnlichen Vergleichen ist, wird den metaphorisch-bildhaften Stimmdarstellungen in Teil II ein Sonderkapitel gewidmet. Teil III geht schließlich auf die funktionalen Aspekte der Stimmdarstellungen ein. So dient das Zusammenspiel von Meta- und Objektsprache als Verständnissicherung für den Leser, kann aber auch Einblick in den Figurencharakter geben. Entscheidend ist jedoch die Wirkung der Stimme in der Gesamtkonzeption von Figuren, denn häufig gehen optische und akustische Figurenbeschreibungen Hand in Hand, so daß über die beiden Wahrnehmungskanäle ein komplexes Charakterbild entsteht, über das Sympathie und Antipathie des Lesers gesteuert werden können. Autoren arbeiten dabei häufig mit Stereotypen und Klischeebrüchen. Letzlich dienen die Stimmdarstellungen der Verlebendigung von Figuren und unterstützen somit die Pseudo-Realität von fiktionalen Texten. Die scheinbar unendliche Fülle von Stimmbeschreibungen zeigt, daß Figuren für den Leser nicht nur durch ihr Aussehen, sondern auch durch ihre habituelle und situationelle Stimme "lebendig" werden. N2 - This paper is a corpus-based analysis of voice description in English fictional texts, combining a linguistic-semantic with a literary viewpoint. While the former is concerned with the "pool" of language material available for describing the human voice, the latter investigates the function of voice description in the overall conception of literary characters and texts. It also includes aspects such as the author-character-reader relationship and the flow of information in fictional texts. The corpus includes 20th century novels, short stories and plays by British, American and Commonwealth authors that show consistency in the use of voice description. No distinction was made between light fiction and "real" literature. Part I focuses on a semantic classification of voice description, distinguishing between labels devoted exclusively to describing sound - e.g. shrill, rumbling or husky - and labels that characterize the speaker, e.g. voice descriptions concerned with emotions or power relations such as happy, apologizing or condescending, offering the reader insight into the inner life of a character and his/her relationship with other characters. The difficulty of accurate voice description is greeted by many authors as a welcome invitation to make use of metaphor and often quite unusual simile. Part II of this paper is therefore dedicated to the intriguing field of metaphorical voice description. Part III is concerned with the functional aspects of voice description in fictional texts. The interplay between meta-language and object-language may serve to ensure reader understanding of the narrative, but at the same time it may open a path into the character's mind. The vital point, however, is the importance of voice in the conception of fictional characters, because optic and acoustic description are often equally important in evoking a vivid picture of the figure in the mind of the reader. Voice description has therefore a fundamental role to play in the construction of the mock reality of ficitonal texts. Voice is also regarded by the reader as a personality trait or a "mirror of the soul" and authors very often employ stereotypes and the breaking of clichés to steer the reader's sympathy or antipathy. The paper concludes that the "translation" of the human voice into a written text, i.e. the change from the acoustic to the visible medium, triggers an almost infinite variety of descriptive tools. Furthermore, since readers are not interested in what a character looks like but also in what he/she sounds like, voice description is an integral part of many fictional texts. KW - Englisch KW - Literatur KW - Stimme KW - Charakterisierung KW - Geschichte 1900-2000 KW - Englische Sprachwissenschaft KW - Stimmbeschreibung KW - Semantik KW - Englische Literatur KW - fiktionale Charaktere KW - linguistics KW - voice description KW - semantics KW - English literature KW - fictional character Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-11520 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Maniruzzaman, Md. ED - Lazebna, Nataliia ED - Kumar, Dinesh T1 - Blended Learning in the New Normal: EFL Student and Teacher Perceptions and Reactions T2 - Studies in Modern English N2 - To reopen educational institutions and return to the classroom, we all need to modify how we act to successfully face the challenges of the new normal resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and entailing our insights into and the after-effects of the pandemic. More specifically, the new normal might encompass online education we are getting used to during the pandemic and the age-old onsite education as well. Thoughtfully integrated, online and onsite learning combine to create blended learning. However, the pertinent literature reveals that English as a foreign language (EFL) students and teachers differently perceive and react to blended learning in diverse contexts. This study was designed to explore student and teacher perceptions of and reactions to blended learning in the Department of English, Jahangirnagar University in the new normal. Fifty undergraduates of EFL and eight teachers of the department participated in the study. To collect data from them, the Student Questionnaire and the Teacher Questionnaire were used. And the data were processed by applying the SPSS programme module. The findings revealed that the majority of the students and the teachers had mostly positive perceptions of blended learning, although the former did not have sufficient exposure to online learning and the latter lacked adequate insights into online teaching. Further, both the students and the teachers expressed mostly positive reactions to blended learning in the new normal, though the former deemed online examinations inadequately smooth and reliable, and the latter had insufficient experience of online instruction and assessment. The study categorically recommends reforming the curriculum, adopting relevant instructional strategies, developing suitable materials, customizing the assessment, integrating and installing technology, training the teachers, upskilling the students for blended learning, improving the infrastructure, and adjusting the management. KW - new normal KW - blended learning KW - undergraduates of EFL and teachers KW - perceptions KW - reactions Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-296508 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Chetvertak, Іevgeniia ED - Lazebna, Nataliia ED - Kumar, Dinesh T1 - Cyber aggression in the stance of communicative approach T2 - Studies in Modern English N2 - The article deals with the notion of internet aggression (cyber aggression). It considers the mentioned term from both psychological and communicative approaches. The paper also provides detailed analyses of the cyber aggression in political discourse. The provided ex-amples are taken from the speeches of politicians during the time of Covid pandemic. The author also identifies several types of cyber aggression. KW - aggression KW - cyber aggression KW - xenophobia Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-296152 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - BOOK ED - Lazebna, Nataliia ED - Kumar, Dinesh T1 - Studies in Modern English N2 - The book "Studies in Modern English" interprets English-language communication in the humanitarian paradigm of knowledge within the linguistic and psycho-sociocultural study of speech activity prioritizing cognitive and communicative paradigms. Digital discourse as the formation of new semiotic phenomena has crowned the rapid scientific and technological progress. Researchers' scientific achievements represented in the book are systemic and valid in terms of evidence-based narratives, which reflect the transformational horizon of information theory, communication theory, and theory of linguodidactics in modern English verbal, creative and digital environments. The book represents an integrated approach to the study of modern English as an open synergetic system, which requires a description of the relationship between verbal and nonverbal notions in digital space. The book integrates such innovative perspectives as the interaction of natural English and programming languages, cyber aggression as a communicative pattern in English-language digital discourse, ethics, and democratization of modern English language, relevant developments in the field of English language as a Foreign Language, and other related issues. A complex focus of the book in the realm of modern English-language communication concerns verbal and nonverbal notions analyzed in the context of socio-cultural and digital communicative spaces. KW - English language KW - Englischunterricht KW - Ausländer KW - digital discourse KW - social and cultural studies KW - verbal and non-verbal communication KW - English as Foreign Language Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-282426 SN - 978-3-95826-198-3 SN - 978-3-95826-199-0 N1 - Parallel erschienen als Druckausgabe in Würzburg University Press, ISBN 978-3-95826-198-3, 23,80 EUR. PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulz, Ninja T1 - Auxiliary DO in Asian Englishes JF - World Englishes N2 - To indicate emphasis, auxiliary do is used in affirmative contexts (do+) when no other auxiliary is present. It is thus rooted in the grammatical system of do‐support; however, do+ does not always bear stress and can fulfil various discourse‐marking functions (Nevalainen & Rissanen, 1986). Positioned at the intersection of grammar and discourse, do+ constitutes an interesting study for its use in ‘non‐native’ varieties of English since it can be assumed that the more salient grammatical functions are easier to master for learners. Focusing on Asian Englishes in contrast to Inner Circle varieties, this exploratory paper assesses the frequency and distribution of do+ in the spoken and written parts of eight ICE components. KW - auxiliary DO KW - Asian Englishes KW - grammar Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262630 VL - 40 IS - 4 SP - 502 EP - 518 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kushch, Elina ED - Lazebna, Nataliia ED - Kumar, Dinesh T1 - The aphoristic potential of presidential rhetoric of G. Bush Jr. T2 - Studies in Modern English N2 - This research paper concentrates on the analysis of the aphoristic potential of G. W. Bush’s presidential rhetoric. Aphorisms are the most ancient laconic forms of expressing original and completed thoughts which reveal the peculiarity of their authors’ world perception and worldview. From this perspective, these units can serve as the means of values codification. Repeatability and widespread use of aphorisms in various communications contribute to transmitting the values and ideas between the generations. Political aphorisms, which are a combination of aphoristic expressions from political communication and discourse, play an important role in this process. The authors of these expressions are not only politicians, but also philosophers, historians, writers, celebrities of different nationalities and generations. Presidential rhetoric is an integral and significant part of political discourse. The use of aphorisms as the means of codification of national and common human values in President G. W. Bush’s formal addresses and speeches is intentional. It makes them concise and original, influential and convincing. Aphoristic expressions denoting common human values show the ideas and beliefs of their authors, as well as the politician, about life, justice, equality, freedom, faith, family. Aphorisms defining national values become the means of updating concepts of democracy, unity and diversity, freedom and security, success, and opportunity to fulfill one’s potential in American society. The distinctive feature of G.W. Bush’s rhetoric is the frequent use of aphorisms whose authors are the Founding Fathers. KW - aphorism KW - common human values and national values KW - political discourse KW - presidential rhetoric Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-296456 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Shtaltovna, Yuliya ED - Lazebna, Nataliia ED - Kumar, Dinesh T1 - Linguistic Democratization of the Modern English Language: Functional Parameters of English Youth Slang Neologisms T2 - Studies in Modern English N2 - No abstract available. KW - English youth slang KW - neologism Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-296514 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kumar, Dinesh ED - Lazebna, Nataliia ED - Kumar, Dinesh T1 - A Brief Historical and Present Perspective of ELT in India T2 - Studies in Modern English N2 - English language is being taught as a second foreign language in India. For most of the learners in India, English still a foreign language or target language. The study of this language is important to fulfill different kinds of academic and professional requirements. Still, there is a big gulf between demand and supply for which the failure of the system is largely responsible as its main emphasis on to adherence to the foreign curriculum. The government tries to impose this curriculum on English teachers, but, in fact, the curriculum is outdated. KW - learner KW - language KW - curriculum KW - foreign KW - majority Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-296434 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ali, Zuraina ED - Lazebna, Nataliia ED - Kumar, Dinesh T1 - A Case Study of the Basic Learners’ Struggles in Guessing from Context to Retain Words Learned T2 - Studies in Modern English N2 - Guessing meaning from context is a challenging strategy for Second Language Learners (SLLs). In using the strategy, research found that poor students or low proficiency learners struggled in their attempts to use it. Mainly, it was reported that it was due to their vocabulary knowledge was limited. In another aspect, retaining vocabulary learnt is also important. Such is essential since learning vocabulary does not mean knowing the definition only. Yet, learners must also be able to use the vocabulary as they engage in language skills such as reading, writing, speaking and listening. The study aims at finding the hindrances faced among poor students’ using contextual clues in retaining vocabulary. The study employed a case study to collect data from two basic students studying at a tertiary level. The study found that their hindrances in guessing meaning contexts were due to their being confused in guessing meaning when reading a sentence. Also, it was found that they were not able to find clues since they lacked vocabulary to guess correctly. The study implied that guessing meaning from context required sizeable vocabulary knowledge. Therefore, more training is necessary to assist basic learners in being successful in guessing from contexts. KW - contextual clues KW - basic learners KW - vocabulary KW - vocabulary retention KW - vocabulary knowledge Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-296529 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kellen Ribeiro Weng, Ana A1 - De Toni, Plinio Marco ED - Lazebna, Nataliia ED - Kumar, Dinesh T1 - Differences and Similarities between the Fields of Bilingualism and Second Language Acquisition T2 - Studies in Modern English N2 - No abstract available. KW - bilingualism KW - second language acquisition Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-296447 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lazebna, Nataliia A1 - Prykhodko, Anatoliy ED - Lazebna, Nataliia ED - Kumar, Dinesh T1 - English-language Digital Discourse of Human-Machine Communication T2 - Studies in Modern English N2 - The paper focuses on digital discourse. This is a speech-intellectual product of innovative information technologies, a phenomenon, which needs further interdisciplinary and linguistic interpretation. The English-language digital discourse shows how linguistic verbal communication is mediated by digits and to what extent these Signum and Verbum unity reigns over the world. The paper analyzes the ways and methods of integrated and differential use of verbal and non-verbal sign systems in the English language as compared to programming languages, considering the types of synchronous changes in the socio-cultural dimension of the sign. This research describes the processes of signs transformation during their functioning in programming languages and in the English language, common and distinctive features in the arrangement of grammatical, lexical-semantic, and graphic means of (natural) English and (artificial) programming languages in their projection on different modes of communication in the system Human ↔ Machine. Programming languages are constituted by verbal means of the English language with additional use of its own semiotic resources, which testifies to their integrative linguistic and mathematical nature. The specific representation of ElDD conveys its reciprocal nature when the English language using its own tools combines them with the elements of the programming languages thus creating an effective toolkit for self-process KW - English-language digital discourse KW - linguistics KW - semiotics KW - digit KW - text processing KW - programming languages Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-296468 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lut, Kateryna A1 - Starenkova, Hanna ED - Lazebna, Nataliia ED - Kumar, Dinesh T1 - The Relationship between Language, Culture, and Development of Society T2 - Studies in Modern English N2 - The paper analyses specific characteristics of language that influence the development of culture and societies. The problem of the connection between language and culture has occupied the minds of many famous scientists: some believe that language is a part of the culture as a whole; others think that language is only a form of cultural expression. Undoubtedly, language constitutes a vital component of the cultural background underlying social development. Language is an essential means of communication and interaction. However, language is at the same time sovereign about culture as a whole and can be separate from culture or compared to culture as an equal element (i.e., that language is neither a form nor a component of culture). KW - language KW - culture KW - expression KW - development KW - communication KW - interaction KW - component KW - social KW - connection KW - background Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-296484 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lubbungu, Jive A1 - Moonga, Ireen A1 - Muyuni, Audrey A1 - Zimba, Samson ED - Lazebna, Nataliia ED - Kumar, Dinesh T1 - English Language Variation: Creation of Zambian English (ZamEnglish) T2 - Studies in Modern English N2 - In the present chapter, an attempt has been made to discuss the need to create Zambian English to address English language variations in Zambia. No language in the world can remain the same after interacting with other languages. The present chapter intends to propose and support the idea of using ‘Zambian English’ for both formal and informal business. Such a measure would create the communicative competence that the majority of the Zambians have always longed for. In Zambia, the purpose of using English language office is to deliberate day to day’s business. On the contrary, this has been found to be an obstacle to those who lack principles of command in the language usage, but are able to construct sentences for communicative purposes yet are deprived in international interactions. The views expressed in this chapter are those of the language experts who were engaged in a conver� sation with regard to the possibility of creating what would be known as Zambian English (ZamEnglish). KW - Zambian English KW - language variation KW - speech community Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-296477 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mangada, Gladys G. ED - Lazebna, Nataliia ED - Kumar, Dinesh T1 - ESL/EFL in Teaching and Learning Process T2 - Studies in Modern English N2 - Teaching comprises all types of disciplines and teachers need to look outside the confines of English as a Second Language. The acquisition of knowledge comes in a variety of the learners’ educational potential. English as a Second Language in teaching and learning, focuses on active learner’s involvement and reduction of coercion. Indeed, Gibran’s thoughts remain true that “wisdom leads one to discuss his or her potentials. To realize this, teachers in all educational levels have to portray a less dominant classroom role in accord with the importance of classroom interaction in the teaching learning process. N.A. Flaunders retorted that “in the average classroom someone is talking for two-thirds of the time, two-thirds of the task is direct influence.” What does this mean? Students’ participation or interaction in the classroom has a significant content to enhance their linguistic competence and its core basis is how to use the language as the most important factor in the classroom. Comprehending the information caters one to establish a fair and well-balanced condition that teachers are facilitators, and the learners are to stay in the frontline. In today’s classroom setting, the adoption-adaption of teaching strategies focuses on the learners’ ability to have a strong command or fluency of the language. ESL is learned around the globe and the learners’ interests are the primary goals in the teaching and learning pro� cess. Colin Blakemore once said that “True knowledge, as Plato argues, must be within us all, and learning consists of solely of discussing what we already know.” In an ESL classroom, discovery of knowledge is not a new game. Teachers do perform their tasks and the learners serve not as passive listeners but as active recipients in the transformation-sharing of all the five macro skills namely speaking, reading, writing, listening, and viewing. In fact, if commitment, knowledge of subject-matter for independent learning, and management of learning are packaged in one big box, both the teachers and the learners will operate a mutual process of generating a lively culture and quality of educational life. With the aforementioned views I had experienced in teaching ESL, the teacher’s passion for teaching and attitude in dealing with the learners create a strong impact on the learners cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. KW - English KW - teaching process KW - learning process Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-296490 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bach, Ulrich T1 - From private writing to public oration: The case of Puritan wills. Cognitive discourse analysis applied to the study of genre change N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-47211 ER -