TY - THES A1 - Fleckenstein, Christoph Thomas T1 - Conception and detection of exotic quantum matter in mesoscopic systems T1 - Konzeption und Detektion von exotischer Quantenmaterie in mesoskopischen Systemen N2 - In this thesis we discuss the potential of nanodevices based on topological insulators. This novel class of matter is characterized by an insulating bulk with simultaneously conducting boundaries. To lowest order, the states that are evoking the conducting behavior in TIs are typically described by a Dirac theory. In the two-dimensional case, together with time- reversal symmetry, this implies a helical nature of respective states. Then, interesting physics appears when two such helical edge state pairs are brought close together in a two-dimensional topological insulator quantum constriction. This has several advantages. Inside the constriction, the system obeys essentially the same number of fermionic fields as a conventional quantum wire, however, it possesses more symmetries. Moreover, such a constriction can be naturally contacted by helical probes, which eventually allows spin- resolved transport measurements. We use these intriguing properties of such devices to predict the formation and detection of several profound physical effects. We demonstrate that narrow trenches in quantum spin Hall materials – a structure we coin anti-wire – are able to show a topological super- conducting phase, hosting isolated non-Abelian Majorana modes. They can be detected by means of a simple conductance experiment using a weak coupling to passing by helical edge states. The presence of Majorana modes implies the formation of unconventional odd-frequency superconductivity. Interestingly, however, we find that regardless of the presence or absence of Majoranas, related (superconducting) devices possess an uncon- ventional odd-frequency superconducting pairing component, which can be associated to a particular transport channel. Eventually, this enables us to prove the existence of odd- frequency pairing in superconducting quantum spin Hall quantum constrictions. The symmetries that are present in quantum spin Hall quantum constrictions play an essen- tial role for many physical effects. As distinguished from quantum wires, quantum spin Hall quantum constrictions additionally possess an inbuilt charge-conjugation symmetry. This can be used to form a non-equilibrium Floquet topological phase in the presence of a time-periodic electro-magnetic field. This non-equilibrium phase is accompanied by topological bound states that are detectable in transport characteristics of the system. Despite single-particle effects, symmetries are particularly important when electronic in- teractions are considered. As such, charge-conjugation symmetry implies the presence of a Dirac point, which in turn enables the formation of interaction induced gaps. Unlike single-particle gaps, interaction induced gaps can lead to large ground state manifolds. In combination with ordinary superconductivity, this eventually evokes exotic non-Abelian anyons beyond the Majorana. In the present case, these interactions gaps can even form in the weakly interacting regime (which is rather untypical), so that the coexistence with superconductivity is no longer contradictory. Eventually this leads to the simultaneous presence of a Z4 parafermion and a Majorana mode bound at interfaces between quantum constrictions and superconducting regions. N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit untersuchen wir Nanobauteile auf der Basis von topologischen Isolatoren. Diese neue Materialklasse zeichnet sich in erster Linie durch ein isolierendes Inneres aus, während gleichzeitig die Oberfläche leitende Eigenschaften besitzt. Zustände, welche mit diesen leitenden Eigenschaften in Verbindung gebracht werden, können in niedrigster Ordnung durch eine Dirac-Theorie beschrieben werden. Im Falle eines zweidimensionalen topologischen Isolators impliziert das, zusammen mit Zeit-Umkehr Symmetrie, eine helikale Natur dieser Randzustände. Interessante Physik entsteht dann insbesondere, wenn zwei solcher helikalen Randkanalzustände in einer Verengung zusammengeführt werden. Dies hat verschiedene Konsequenzen. Innerhalb der Verengung findet man die gleiche Anzahl an fermionischen Feldern wie man sie auch in einem Quantendraht erwartet. Gleichzeitig besitzt eine solche Konstruktion aber mehr Symmetrien verglichen mit gewöhnlichen Quantendrähten. Außerdem kann eine Verengung in einem zwei-dimensionalen topologischen Isolator auf natürliche Weise helikal kontaktiert werden, so dass spin-aufgelöste Transportmessungen durchgeführt werden können. Diese einzigartige Kombination von Eigenschaften impliziert verschiedenste physikalische Effekte. Wie wir in dieser Arbeit zeigen entsteht in engen Schlitzen, welche in einen homogenen zwei-dimensionalen topologischen Isolator tranchiert werden, eine topologisch supraleitende Phase mit nicht-Abelschen Majorana Moden an den Systemrändern. Diese exotischen Teilchen können mit einem relativ einfachen Transportexperiment nachgewiesen werden, indem man diesen sogenannten Anti-Quantendraht schwach mit einem helikalen Randkanal koppelt und dort die Transportcharakteristiken misst. Die Präsenz von Majorana Moden ist verknüpft mit dem Entstehen von unkonventioneller Supraleitung, insbesondere von sogenannter odd-frequency Supraleitung. Wir zeigen, dass dies vielmehr eine allgemeine Erscheinung in derartigen supraleitenden Strukturen ist. Symmetrien sind von elementarer Bedeutung für viele physikalische Effekte. So führt zum Beispiel die natürlich auftretende Ladungs-Konjugation Symmetrie zusammen mit einem zeit-periodischen elektromagnetischen Feld in topologischen Anti-Quantendrähten zu einer topologischen Floquet Nichtgleichgewichts-Phase, welche wiederum durch Transportmessungen detektiert werden kann. Symmetrien spielen auch und insbesondere für Wechselwirkungseffekte eine wichtige Rolle. Hier ist besonders die Existenz eines Dirac-Punktes von großer Bedeutung. In dessen (energetischer) Nähe ist es möglich wechselwirkungs-induzierte Bandlücken zu erzeugen. Anders als Einteilchen-Bandlücken können wechselwirkungs-induzierte Bandlücken zu einer hohen Grundzustandsentartung führen. Diese wiederum ermöglicht die Entstehung komplexer nicht-Abelscher Teilchen, falls zusätzlich supraleitende Ordnung vorhanden ist. Interessanterweise können derartige Vielteilchen-Bandlücken in unserem System schon bei nur schwacher elektronischer Wechselwirkung auftreten. Dieses untypische Verhalten ermöglicht letztendlich die Entstehung von Z4 parafermionen an Grenzflächen unterschiedlicher Ordnung. KW - Kondensierte Materie KW - Supraleitung KW - Topologie KW - non-Abelian anyons Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-212847 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for dark matter in events with heavy quarks and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - This article reports on a search for dark matter pair production in association with bottom or top quarks in 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\) of pp collisions collected at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events with large missing transverse momentum are selected when produced in association with high-momentum jets of which one or more are identified as jets containing b-quarks. Final states with top quarks are selected by requiring a high jet multiplicity and in some cases a single lepton. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model expectations and limits are set on the mass scale of effective field theories that describe scalar and tensor interactions between dark matter and Standard Model particles. Limits on the dark-matter–nucleon cross-section for spin-independent and spin-dependent interactions are also provided. These limits are particularly strong for low-mass dark matter. Using a simplified model, constraints are set on the mass of dark matter and of a coloured mediator suitable to explain a possible signal of annihilating dark matter. KW - dark matter KW - proton-proton collision KW - ATLAS detector Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150089 VL - 75 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for Higgs boson pair production in the b\(\overline{b}\)b\(\overline{b}\) final state from pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - A search for Higgs boson pair production pp → hh is performed with 19.5 fb\(^{−1}\) of proton–proton collision data at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV, which were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012. The decay products of each Higgs boson are reconstructed as a high-momentum b\(\overline{b}\) system with either a pair of small-radius jets or a single large-radius jet, the latter exploiting jet substructure techniques and associated b-tagged track-jets. No evidence for resonant or non-resonant Higgs boson pair production is observed. The data are interpreted in the context of the Randall–Sundrum model with a warped extra dimension as well as the two-Higgs-doublet model. An upper limit on the cross-section for pp → G\(^{*}_{KK}\) → hh → b\(\overline{b}\)b\(\overline{b}\) of 3.2(2.3) fb is set for a Kaluza–Klein graviton G\(^{*}_{KK}\) mass of 1.0(1.5) TeV, at the 95 % confidence level. The search for non-resonant Standard Model hh production sets an observed 95 % confidence level upper limit on the production cross-section σ(pp → hh → b\(\overline{b}\)b\(\overline{b}\)) of 202 fb, compared to a Standard Model prediction of σ(pp → hh → b\(\overline{b}\)b\(\overline{b}\)) = 3.6±0.5 fb. KW - Higgs boson KW - proton-proton collision KW - ATLAS detector KW - pair production Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150119 VL - 75 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for invisible decays of the Higgs boson produced in association with a hadronically decaying vector boson in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - A search for Higgs boson decays to invisible particles is performed using 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\) of pp collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The process considered is Higgs boson production in association with a vector boson (V = W or Z) that decays hadronically, resulting in events with two or more jets and large missing transverse momentum. No excess of candidates is observed in the data over the background expectation. The results are used to constrain VH production followed by H decaying to invisible particles for the Higgs boson mass range 115 < m\(_{H}\) < 300 GeV. The 95 % confidence-level observed upper limit on σ\(_{VH}\) × BR(H → inv.) varies from 1.6 pb at 115 GeV to 0.13 pb at 300 GeV. Assuming Standard Model production and including the gg → H contribution as signal, the results also lead to an observed upper limit of 78 % at 95 % confidence level on the branching ratio of Higgs bosons decays to invisible particles at a mass of 125 GeV. KW - Higgs boson KW - ATLAS detector KW - decays Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150126 VL - 75 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for invisible particles produced in association with single-top-quarks in proton-proton collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - A search for the production of single-top-quarks in association with missing energy is performed in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt {s}\) =8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the large hadron collider using data collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\). In this search, the W boson from the top quark is required to decay into an electron or a muon and a neutrino. No deviation from the standard model prediction is observed, and upper limits are set on the production cross-section for resonant and non-resonant production of an invisible exotic state in association with a right-handed top quark. In the case of resonant production, for a spin-0 resonance with a mass of 500 GeV, an effective coupling strength above 0.15 is excluded at 95 % confidence level for the top quark and an invisible spin-1/2 state with mass between 0 and 100 GeV. In the case of non-resonant production, an effective coupling strength above 0.2 is excluded at 95 % confidence level for the top quark and an invisible spin-1 state with mass between 0 and 657 GeV. KW - single-top-quarks KW - proton-proton collision KW - ATLAS detector Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150134 VL - 75 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for metastable heavy charged particles with large ionisation energy loss in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV using the ATLAS experiment JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - Many extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of charged heavy long-lived particles, such as R-hadrons or charginos. These particles, if produced at the Large Hadron Collider, should be moving non-relativistically and are therefore identifiable through the measurement of an anomalously large specific energy loss in the ATLAS pixel detector. Measuring heavy long-lived particles through their track parameters in the vicinity of the interaction vertex provides sensitivity to metastable particles with lifetimes from 0.6 ns to 30 ns. A search for such particles with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is presented, based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 18.4 fb\(^{−1}\) of pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV. No significant deviation from the Standard Model background expectation is observed, and lifetime-dependent upper limits on R-hadrons and chargino production are set. Gluino R-hadrons with 10 ns lifetime and masses up to 1185 GeV are excluded at 95 % confidence level, and so are charginos with 15 ns lifetime and masses up to 482 GeV. KW - ATLAS detector KW - charged heavy long-lived particles KW - proton-proton collision Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150149 VL - 75 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\) of \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between E\(^{miss}_{T}\) > 150 GeV and E\(^{miss}_{T}\) > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presented. KW - ATLAS detector KW - energetic jet KW - proton-proton collision Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150152 VL - 75 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the production and lepton charge asymmetry of bosons in Pb+Pb collisions at \(\sqrt {^{S}NN}\) with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - A measurement of W boson production in lead-lead collisions at \(\sqrt {^{S}NN}\)=2.76 TeV is presented. It is based on the analysis of data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2011 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.14 nb\(^{-1}\) and 0.15 nb\(^{-1}\) in the muon and electron decay channels, respectively. The differential production yields and lepton charge asymmetry are each measured as a function of the average number of participating nucleons ⟨N\(_{part}\)⟩ and absolute pseudorapidity of the charged lepton. The results are compared to predictions based on next-to-leading-order QCD calculations. These measurements are, in principle, sensitive to possible nuclear modifications to the parton distribution functions and also provide information on scaling of W boson production in multi-nucleon systems. KW - Higgs boson KW - lead-lead collision Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149889 VL - 75 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for resonant diboson production in the ℓℓq\(\overline{q}\) final state in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - This paper reports on a search for narrow resonances in diboson production in the ℓℓq\(\overline{q}\) final state using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb\(^{−1}\) collected at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess of data events over the Standard Model expectation is observed. Upper limits at the 95 % confidence level are set on the production cross section times branching ratio for Kaluza–Klein gravitons predicted by the Randall–Sundrum model and for Extended Gauge Model W′ bosons. These results lead to the exclusion of mass values below 740 and 1590 GeV for the graviton and W′ boson respectively. KW - ATLAS detector KW - proton-proton collision KW - diboson production KW - resonances Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150171 VL - 75 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observation and measurements of the production of prompt and non-prompt J/ψ mesons in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\)=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - The production of a Z boson in association with a J/ψ meson in proton–proton collisions probes the production mechanisms of quarkonium and heavy flavour in association with vector bosons, and allows studies of multiple parton scattering. Using 20.3fb\(^{−1}\) of data collected with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV, the first measurement of associated Z+J/ψ production is presented for both prompt and non-prompt J/ψ production, with both signatures having a significance in excess of 5σ. The inclusive production cross-sections for Z boson production (analysed in μ\(^{+}\)μ\(^{−}\) or e\(^{+}\)e\(^{−}\) decay modes) in association with prompt and non-prompt J/ψ(→μ\(^{+}\)μ\(^{−}\)) are measured relative to the inclusive production rate of Z bosons in the same fiducial volume to be (36.8±6.7±2.5)×10\(^{−7}\) and (65.8±9.2±4.2)×10\(^{−7}\) respectively. Normalised differential production cross-section ratios are also determined as a function of the J/ψ transverse momentum. The fraction of signal events arising from single and double parton scattering is estimated, and a lower limit of 5.3 (3.7)mb at 68 (95)% confidence level is placed on the effective cross-section regulating double parton interactions. KW - ATLAS detector KW - Z boson KW - proton-proton-collision Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149970 VL - 75 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of the ATLAS muon trigger in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\)= 8 TeV JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - The performance of the ATLAS muon trigger system is evaluated with proton–proton collision data collected in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. It is primarily evaluated using events containing a pair of muons from the decay of Z bosons. The efficiency of the single-muon trigger is measured for muons with transverse momentum 25 < p\(_{T}\) < 100GeV, with a statistical uncertainty of less than 0.01 % and a systematic uncertainty of 0.6 %. The pT range for efficiency determination is extended by using muons from decays of J/ψ mesons, W bosons, and top quarks. The muon trigger shows highly uniform and stable performance. The performance is compared to the prediction of a detailed simulation. KW - LHC KW - proton-proton-collistion Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150032 VL - 75 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for W' → tb → qqbb decays in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - A search for a massive W′ gauge boson decaying to a top quark and a bottom quark is performed with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at the LHC. The dataset was taken at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV and corresponds to 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\) of integrated luminosity. This analysis is done in the hadronic decay mode of the top quark, where novel jet substructure techniques are used to identify jets from high-momentum top quarks. This allows for a search for high-mass W′ bosons in the range 1.5–3.0  TeV. b-tagging is used to identify jets originating from b-quarks. The data are consistent with Standard Model background-only expectations, and upper limits at 95 % confidence level are set on the W′ → tb cross section times branching ratio ranging from 0.16 pb to 0.33 pb for left-handed W′ bosons, and ranging from 0.10 pb to 0.21 pb for W′ bosons with purely right-handed couplings. Upper limits at 95 % confidence level are set on the W′-boson coupling to tb as a function of the W′ mass using an effective field theory approach, which is independent of details of particular models predicting a W′ boson. KW - ATLAS detector KW - proton-proton collision Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150068 VL - 75 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the inelastic proton–proton cross-section at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Nature Communications N2 - The dependence of the rate of proton–proton interactions on the centre-of-mass collision energy, √s, is of fundamental importance for both hadron collider physics and particle astrophysics. The dependence cannot yet be calculated from first principles; therefore, experimental measurements are needed. Here we present the first measurement of the inelastic proton–proton interaction cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy, √s, of 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are selected by requiring hits on scintillation counters mounted in the forward region of the detector. An inelastic cross-section of 60.3±2.1 mb is measured for ξ>5×10−6, where ξ is calculated from the invariant mass, MX, of hadrons selected using the largest rapidity gap in the event. For diffractive events, this corresponds to requiring at least one of the dissociation masses to be larger than 15.7 GeV. KW - Physical Sciences KW - Particle physics Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140960 VL - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of spin and parity of the Higgs boson in the WW\(^{*}\)→eνμν decay channel with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - Studies of the spin and parity quantum numbers of the Higgs boson in the WW\(^{*}\)→eνμν final state are presented, based on proton–proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb\(^{-1}\) at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt {s}\)=8 TeV. The Standard Model spin-parity J\(^{CP}\)=0\(^{++}\) hypothesis is compared with alternative hypotheses for both spin and CP. The case where the observed resonance is a mixture of the Standard-Model-like Higgs boson and CP-even (J\(^{CP}\)=0\(^{++}\)) or CP-odd (J\(^{CP}\)=0\(^{+-}\)) Higgs boson in scenarios beyond the Standard Model is also studied. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model prediction and limits are placed on alternative spin and CP hypotheses, including CP mixing in different scenarios. KW - Higgs boson KW - spin KW - parity Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149632 VL - 75 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xin A1 - Wu, Wei A1 - Li, Gang A1 - Wen, Lin A1 - Sun, Qing A1 - Ji, An-Chun T1 - Phase diagram of interacting Fermi gas in spin-orbit coupled square lattices JF - New Journal of Physics N2 - The spin-orbit (SO) coupled optical lattices have attracted considerable interest. In this paper, we investigate the phase diagram of the interacting Fermi gas with Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on a square optical lattice. The phase diagram is investigated in a wide range of atomic interactions and SOC strength within the framework of the cluster dynamical mean-field theory (CDMFT). We show that the interplay between the atomic interactions and SOC results in a rich phase diagram. In the deep Mott insulator regime, the SOC can induce diverse spin ordered phases. Whereas near the metal-insulator transition (MIT), the SOC tends to destroy the conventional antiferromagnetic fluctuations, giving rise to distinctive features of the MIT. Furthermore, the strong fluctuations arising from SOC may destroy the magnetic orders and trigger an order to disorder transition in close proximity of the MIT. KW - ultracold KW - hubbard-model KW - physics transition KW - metal-insulator transition KW - cluster dynamical mean-field theory KW - atomic gases KW - mean-field theory KW - mott insulator KW - optical lattice KW - weak ferromagnetism KW - quantum gases KW - superfluid KW - spin-orbit coupling Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151475 VL - 17 IS - 073036 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the inclusive cross-sections of single top-quark and top-antiquark \(t\)-channel production in \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A measurement of the \(t\)-channel single-top-quark and single-top-antiquark production cross-sections in the lepton+jets channel is presented, using 3.2 fb\(^{−1}\) of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015. Events are selected by requiring one charged lepton (electron or muon), missing transverse momentum, and two jets with high transverse momentum, exactly one of which is required to be \(b\)-tagged. Using a binned maximum-likelihood fit to the discriminant distribution of a neural network, the cross-sections are determined to be \({σ(tq)}\) = 156 ± 5 (stat.) ± 27 (syst.) ± 3 (lumi.) pb for single top-quark production and \(σ(\overline{t}q)\) = 91 ± 4 (stat.) ± 18 (syst.) ± 2 (lumi.) pb for single top-antiquark production, assuming a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV. The cross-section ratio is measured to be \(R_{t}\) = \(σ(tq)/σ(\overline{t}q)\) = 1.72 ± 0.09 (stat.) ± 0.18 (syst.). All results are in agreement with Standard Model predictions. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173357 VL - 2017 IS - 04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of charged-particle distributions sensitive to the underlying event in \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - We present charged-particle distributions sensitive to the underlying event, measured by the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, in low-luminosity Large Hadron Collider fills corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.6 nb\(^{−1}\). The distributions were constructed using charged particles with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.5 and with transverse momentum greater than 500 MeV, in events with at least one such charged particle with transverse momentum above 1 GeV. These distributions characterise the angular distribution of energy and particle flows with respect to the charged particle with highest transverse momentum, as a function of both that momentum and of charged-particle multiplicity. The results have been corrected for detector effects and are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators, experimentally establishing the level of underlying-event activity at LHC Run 2 energies and providing inputs for the development of event generator modelling. The current models in use for UE modelling typically describe this data to 5% accuracy, compared with data uncertainties of less than 1%. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173361 VL - 2017 IS - 03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Searches for the \(Z\)γ decay mode of the Higgs boson and for new high-mass resonances in \({pp}\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - This article presents searches for the \({Zγ}\) decay of the Higgs boson and for narrow high-mass resonances decaying to \(Z\)γ, exploiting \(Z\) boson decays to pairs of electrons or muons. The data analysis uses 36.1 fb\(^{−1}\) of \({pp}\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}=13\) recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The data are found to be consistent with the expected Standard Model background. The observed (expected — assuming Standard Model \({pp} → H → {Z}γ\) production and decay) upper limit on the production cross section times the branching ratio for \({pp} → H → {Z}γ\) is 6.6. (5.2) times the Standard Model prediction at the 95% confidence level for a Higgs boson mass of 125.09 GeV. In addition, upper limits are set on the production cross section times the branching ratio as a function of the mass of a narrow resonance between 250 GeV and 2.4 TeV, assuming spin-0 resonances produced via gluon-gluon fusion, and spin-2 resonances produced via gluon-gluon or quark-antiquark initial states. For high-mass spin-0 resonances, the observed (expected) limits vary between 88 fb (61 fb) and 2.8 fb (2.7 fb) for the mass range from 250 GeV to 2.4 TeV at the 95% confidence level. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) KW - Higgs physics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172751 VL - 2017 IS - 10 ER - TY - THES A1 - Feichtner, Thorsten T1 - Optimal Design of Focusing Nanoantennas for Light : Novel Approaches: From Evolution to Mode-Matching T1 - Optimierung von Nano-Antennen zur Fokussierung von Licht: Neue Ansätze: Von Evolution zu Moden-Anpassung N2 - Optische Antennen arbeiten ähnlich wie Antennen für Radiowellen und wandeln elektromagnetische Strahlung in elektrische Wechselströme um. Ladungsdichteansammlungen an der Antennen-Oberfläche führen zu starken und lokalisierten Nahfeldern. Da die meisten optischen Antennen eine Ausdehnung von wenigen hundert Nanometern besitzen, ermöglichen es ihre Nahfelder, Licht auf ein Volumen weit unterhalb des Beugungslimits zu fokussieren, mit Intensitäten, die mehrere Größenordnungen über dem liegen, was man mit klassischer beugender und reflektierender Optik erreichen kann. Die Aufgabe, die Abstrahlung eines Quantenemitters zu maximieren, eines punktförmigen Objektes, welches einzelne Photonen absorbieren und emittieren kann, ist identisch mit der Aufgabe, die Feldintensität am Ort des Quantenemitters zu maximieren. Darum ist es erstrebenswert, den Fokus optischer Antennen zu optimieren Optimierte Radiofrequenz-Antennen, welche auf Größenordnungen von wenigen 100 Nanometern herunterskaliert werden, zeigen bereits eine gute Funktionalität. Jedoch liegen optische Frequenzen in der Nähe der Plasmafrequenz von den Metallen, die für optische Antennen genutzt werden und die Masse der Elektronen kann nicht mehr vernachlässigt werden. Dadurch treten neue physikalische Phänomene auf. Es entstehen gekoppelte Zustände aus Licht und Ladungsdichte-Schwingungen, die sogenannten Plasmonen. Daraus folgen Effekte wie Volumenströme und kürzere effektive Wellenlängen. Zusätzlich führt die endliche Leitfähigkeit zu thermischen Verluste. Das macht eine Antwort auf die Frage nach der optimalen Geometrie für fokussierende optische Antennen schwer. Jedoch stand vor dieser Arbeit der Beweis noch aus, dass es für optische Antennen bessere Alternativen gibt als herunterskalierte Radiofrequenz-Konzepte. In dieser Arbeit werden optische Antennen auf eine bestmögliche Fokussierung optimiert. Dafür wird ein Ansatz gewählt, welcher bei Radiofrequenz-Antennen für komplexe Anwendungsfelder (z.B. isotroper Breitbandempfang) schon oft Erfolg hatte: evolutionäre Algorithmen. Die hier eingeführte erste Implementierung erlaubt eine große Freiheit in Bezug auf Partikelform und Anzahl, da sie quadratische Voxel auf einem planaren, quadratischen Gitter beliebig anordnet. Die Geometrien werden in einer binären Matrix codiert, welche als Genom dient und somit Methoden wie Mutation und Paarung als Verbesserungsmechanismus erlaubt. So optimierte Antennen-Geometrien übertreffen vergleichbare klassische Dipol-Geometrien um einen Faktor von Zwei. Darüber hinaus lässt sich aus den optimierten Antennen ein neues Funktionsprinzip ableiten: ein magnetische Split-Ring-Resonanz kann mit Dipol-Antennen leitend zu neuartigen und effektiveren Split-Ring-Antennen verbunden werden, da sich ihre Ströme nahe des Fokus konstruktiv überlagern. Im nächsten Schritt wird der evolutionäre Algorithmus so angepasst, so die Genome real herstellbare Geometrien beschreiben. Zusätzlich wird er um eine Art ''Druckertreiber'' erweitert, welcher aus den Genomen direkt Anweisungen zur fokussierten Ionenstrahl-Bearbeitung von einkristallinen Goldflocken erstellt. Mit Hilfe von konfokaler Mikroskopie der Zwei-Photonen-Photolumineszenz wird gezeigt, dass Antennen unterschiedlicher Effizienz reproduzierbar aus dem evolutionären Algorithmus heraus hergestellt werden können. Außerdem wird das Prinzip der Split-Ring-Antenne verbessert, indem zwei Ring-Resonanzen zu einer Dipol-Resonanz hinzugefügt werden. Zu guter Letzt dient die beste Antenne des zweiten evolutionäre Algorithmus als Inspiration für einen neuen Formalismus zur Beschreibung des Leistungsübertrages zwischen einer optischen Antenne und einem Punkt-Dipol, welcher sich als "dreidimensionaler Modenüberlapp" beschreiben lässt. Damit können erstmals intuitive Regeln für die Form einer optischen Antenne aufgestellt werden. Die Gültigkeit der Theorie wird analytisch für den Fall eines Dipols nahe einer metallischen Nano-Kugel gezeigt. Das vollständige Problem, Licht mittels einer optischen Antenne zu fokussieren, lässt sich so auf die Erfüllung zweier Modenüberlapp-Bedingungen reduzieren -- mit dem Feld eines Punktdipols, sowie mit einer ebenen Welle. Damit lassen sich zwei Arten idealer Antennenmoden identifizieren, welche sich von der bekannten Dipol-Antennen-Mode grundlegend unterscheiden. Zum einen lässt sich dadurch die Funktionalität der evolutionären und Split-Ring-Antennen erklären, zum lassen sich neuartige plasmonische Hohlraum-Antennen entwerfen, welche zu besserer Fokussierung von Licht führen. Dies wird numerisch im direkten Vergleich mit einer klassischen Dipolantennen-Geometrie gezeigt. N2 - Optical antennas work similar to antennas for the radio-frequency regime and convert electromagnetic radiation into oscillating electrical currents. Charge density accumulations form at the antenna surface leading to strong and localized near-fields. Since most optical antennas have dimensions of a few hundred nanometers, their near-fields allow the focusing of electromagnetic fields to volumes much smaller than the diffraction limit, with intensities several orders of magnitude larger than achievable with classical diffractive and refractive optical elements. The task to maximize the emission of a quantum emitter, a point-like entity capable of reception and emission of single photons, is identical to the task to maximize the field intensity at the position of the quantum emitter. Therefore it is desirable to optimize the capabilities of focusing optical antennas. Radio-frequency-antenna designs scaled to optical dimensions of several hundred nanometers show already a decent performance. However, optical frequencies lie near the plasma frequency of the metals used for optical antennas and the mass of electrons cannot be neglected anymore. This leads to new physical phenomena. Light can couple to charge density oscillations, yielding a so-called Plasmon. Effects emerge which have no equivalent in the very advanced field of radio-frequency-technology, e.g.~volume currents and shortened effective wavelengths. Additionally the conductivity is not infinite anymore, leading to thermal losses. Therefore, the question for the optimal geometry of a focusing optical antenna is not easy to answer. However, up to now there was no evidence that there exist better alternatives for optical antennas than down-scaled radio-frequency designs. In this work the optimization of focusing optical antennas is based on an approach, which often proved successful for radio-frequency-antennas in complex applications (e.g.~broadband and isotropic reception): evolutionary algorithms. The first implementation introduced here allows a large freedom regarding particle shape and count, as it arranges cubic voxels on a planar, square grid. The geometries are encoded in a binary matrix, which works as a genome and enables the methods of mutation and crossing as mechanism of improvement. Antenna geometries optimized in this way surpass a comparable dipolar geometry by a factor of 2. Moreover, a new working principle can be deduced from the optimized antennas: a magnetic split-ring resonance can be coupled conductively to dipolar antennas, to form novel and more effective split-ring-antennas, as their currents add up constructively near the focal point. In a next step, the evolutionary algorithm is adapted so that the binary matrices describe geometries with realistic fabrication constraints. In addition a 'printer driver' is developed which converts the binary matrices into commands for focused ion-beam milling in mono-crystalline gold flakes. It is shown by means of confocal two-photon photo-luminescence microscopy that antennas with differing efficiency can be fabricated reliably directly from the evolutionary algorithm. Besides, the concept of the split-ring antenna is further improved by adding this time two split-rings to the dipole-like resonance. The best geometry from the second evolutionary algorithm inspires a fundamentally new formalism to determine the power transfer between an antenna and a point dipole, best termed 'three-dimensional mode-matching'. Therewith, for the first time intuitive design rules for the geometry of an focusing optical antenna can be deduced. The validity of the theory is proven analytically at the case of a point dipole in from of a metallic nano sphere. The full problem of focusing light by means of an optical antenna can, thus, be reduced to two simultaneous mode-matching conditions -- on the one hand with the fields of a point dipole, on the other hand with a plane wave. Therefore, two types of ideal focusing optical antenna mode patterns are identified, being fundamentally different from the established dipolar antenna mode. This allows not only to explain the functionality of the evolutionary antennas and the split-ring antenna, but also helps to design novel plamonic cavity antennas, which lead to an enhanced focusing of light. This is proven numerically in direct comparison to a classical dipole antenna design. KW - Physik KW - Plasmon KW - optical antennas KW - plasmonics KW - nano optics KW - LDOS KW - evolutionary optimization KW - mode matching KW - Optische Antennen KW - Plasmonik KW - Nano-Optik KW - Evolutionäre Optimierung Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140604 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Camargo-Molina, J. E. A1 - Garbrecht, B. A1 - O'Leary, B. A1 - Porod, W. A1 - Staub, F. T1 - Constraining the Natural MSSM through tunneling to color-breaking vacua at zero and non-zero temperature JF - Physics Letters B N2 - We re-evaluate the constraints on the parameter space of the minimal supersymmetric standard model from tunneling to charge- and/or color-breaking minima, taking into account thermal corrections. We pay particular attention to the region known as the Natural MSSM, where the masses of the scalar partners of the top quarks are within an order of magnitude or so of the electroweak scale. These constraints arise from the interaction between these scalar tops and the Higgs fields, which allows the possibility of parameter points having deep charge- and color-breaking true vacua. In addition to requiring that our electroweak-symmetry-breaking, yet QCD- and electromagnetism-preserving vacuum has a sufficiently long lifetime at zero temperature, also demanding stability against thermal tunneling further restricts the allowed parameter space. KW - Supersymmetry KW - Vacuum stability Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-118458 VL - 737 ER - TY - THES A1 - Thienel, Cornelius T1 - Exploring the transport properties of the three-dimensional topological insulator material HgTe T1 - Erkundung der Transporteigenschaften des dreidimensionalen Topologischen Isolators HgTe N2 - In der vorliegenden Dissertation werden die Transporteigenschaften von verspannten HgTe-Volumenkristallen untersucht. Verspanntes HgTe stellt einen dreidimensionalen topologischen Isolator dar und ist zur Erkundung von topologischen Oberflächenzuständen von speziellem Interesse, da es mit Hilfe von Molekularstrahlepitaxie in hoher Kristallqualität gewachsen werden kann. Die niedrige Defektdichte führt zu beachtlichen Ladungsträgerbeweglichkeiten, die deutlich über denen anderer topologischer Isolatoren liegen. Verspanntes HgTe hat jedoch eine kleine Energielücke von ca. 20 meV. Deshalb ist es für eine mögliche Verwendung des Materials ein wichtiger Aspekt, in welchem Parameterbereich Oberflächentransport stattfindet. Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, werden die HgTe-Proben bei tiefen Temperaturen (T < 100 mK) und unter dem Einfluss hoher Magnetfelder in verschiedenen Orientierungen untersucht. Der Einfluss von Gate-Elektroden ober- und unterhalb der Struktur sowie von Deckschichten, die die Oberflächen schützen, wird diskutiert. Basierend auf einer Analyse des Quanten-Hall-Effekts wird gezeigt, dass der Transport in diesem Material von topologischen Oberflächenzuständen dominiert ist. Die Abhängigkeit der topologischen Oberflächenzustände von der Gate-Spannung wird dargestellt. Durch diese Abhängigkeit ist es zum ersten Mal möglich, eine ungerade ganzzahlige Quanten-Hall-Plateau Sequenz nachzuweisen, die von den Oberflächen senkrecht zum Magnetfeld stammt. Des Weiteren wird im Rahmen dieser Arbeit in Proben hoher Oberflächenqualität zum ersten Mal für einen 3D TI der p-Typ QHE der Oberflächenzustände beobachtet. Aus der Gate-Abhängigkeit der Messungen wird geschlossen, dass das Abschirmverhalten in 3D TIs nicht trivial ist. Die Transportdaten werden mit Hilfe von intuitiven theoretischen Modellen auf qualitative Weise analysiert. N2 - In the present thesis the transport properties of strained bulk HgTe devices are investigated. Strained HgTe forms a 3D TI and is of special interest for studying topological surface states, since it can be grown by MBE in high crystal quality. The low defect density leads to considerable mobility values, well above the mobilities of other TI materials. However, strained HgTe has a small band gap of ca. 20 meV. With respect to possible applications the question is important, under which conditions the surface transport occurs. To answer this question, the HgTe devices are investigated at dilution refrigerator temperatures (T<100 mK) in high magnetic fields of different orientation. The influence of top and back gate electrodes as well as surface protecting layers is discussed. On the basis of an analysis of the quantum Hall behaviour it is shown that transport is dominated by the topological surface states in a surprisingly large parameter range. A dependence on the applied top gate voltage is presented for the topological surface states. It enables the first demonstration of an odd integer QHE sequence from the surfaces perpendicular to the magnetic field. Furthermore, the p-type QHE from the surface states is observed for the first time in any 3D TI. This is achieved in samples of high surface quality. It is concluded from the gate response that the screening behaviour in 3D TI devices is non-trivial. The transport data are qualitatively analysed by means of intuitive theoretical models. KW - Topologischer Isolator KW - Quecksilbertellurid KW - Elektronischer Transport KW - 3D topological insulator KW - Festkörperphysik KW - Hochmagnetfeld KW - Tieftemperatur KW - Quanten-Hall-Effekt Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-122031 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - König, Markus A1 - Baenninger, Matthias A1 - Garcia, Andrei G. F. A1 - Harjee, Nahid A1 - Pruitt, Beth L. A1 - Ames, C. A1 - Leubner, Philipp A1 - Brüne, Christoph A1 - Buhmann, Hartmut A1 - Molenkamp, Laurens W. A1 - Goldhaber-Gordon, David T1 - Spatially Resolved Study of Backscattering in the Quantum Spin Hall State JF - Physical Review X N2 - The discovery of the quantum spin Hall (QSH) state, and topological insulators in general, has sparked strong experimental efforts. Transport studies of the quantum spin Hall state have confirmed the presence of edge states, showed ballistic edge transport in micron-sized samples, and demonstrated the spin polarization of the helical edge states. While these experiments have confirmed the broad theoretical model, the properties of the QSH edge states have not yet been investigated on a local scale. Using scanning gate microscopy to perturb the QSH edge states on a submicron scale, we identify well-localized scattering sites which likely limit the expected nondissipative transport in the helical edge channels. In the micron-sized regions between the scattering sites, the edge states appear to propagate unperturbed, as expected for an ideal QSH system, and are found to be robust against weak induced potential fluctuations. KW - mesoscopics KW - topological insulators KW - transport KW - charge KW - wells KW - branched flow KW - nanostructures Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127225 SN - 2160-3308 VL - 3 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the W boson polarization in top quark decays with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - This paper presents measurements of the polarization of W bosons in top quark decays, derived from \(t\overline{t}\) events with missing transverse momentum, one charged lepton and at least four jets, or two charged leptons and at least two jets. Data from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV were collected with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.04 fb\(^{−1}\). The measured fractions of longitudinally, left- and right-handed polarization are F\(_0\) = 0.67 ± 0.07, F\(_L\) = 0.32 ± 0.04 and F\(_R\) = 0.01 ± 0.05, in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. As the polarization of the W bosons in top quark decays is sensitive to the Wtb vertex Lorentz structure and couplings, the measurements were used to set limits on anomalous contributions to the Wtb couplings. KW - hadron-hadron scattering Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127417 VL - 06 IS - 88 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for a fermiophobic Higgs boson in the diphoton decay channel with the ATLAS detector JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - A search for a fermiophobic Higgs boson using diphoton events produced in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=7 TeV is performed using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb\(^{−1}\) collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. A specific benchmark model is considered where all the fermion couplings to the Higgs boson are set to zero and the bosonic couplings are kept at the Standard Model values (fermiophobic Higgs model). The largest excess with respect to the background-only hypothesis is found at 125.5 GeV, with a local significance of 2.9 standard deviations, which reduces to 1.6 standard deviations when taking into account the look-elsewhere effect. The data exclude the fermiophobic Higgs model in the ranges 110.0–118.0 GeV and 119.5–121.0 GeV at 95 % confidence level. KW - unconverted photon KW - Higgs boson signal KW - photon energy scale KW - invariant mass resolution KW - diphoton invariant mass Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127427 VL - 72 IS - 2157 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for a heavy top-quark partner in final states with two leptons with the ATLAS detector at the LHC JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - The results of a search for direct pair production of heavy top-quark partners in 4.7 fb\(^{−1}\) of integrated luminosity from pp collisions at √s=7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC are reported. Heavy top-quark partners decaying into a top quark and a neutral non-interacting particle are searched for in events with two leptons in the final state. No excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Limits are placed on the mass of a supersymmetric scalar top and of a spin-1/2 top-quark partner. A spin-1/2 top-quark partner with a mass between 300 GeV and 480 GeV, decaying to a top quark and a neutral non-interacting particle lighter than 100 GeV, is excluded at 95% confidence level. KW - hadron-hadron scattering Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127511 VL - 11 IS - 094 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for top and bottom squarks from gluino pair production in final states with missing transverse energy and at least three b-jets with the ATLAS detector JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - This letter reports the results of a search for top and bottom squarks from gluino pair production in 4.7 fb\(^{−1}\) of pp collisions at √s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The search is performed in events with large missing transverse momentum and at least three jets identified as originating from a b-quark. Exclusion limits are presented for a variety of gluino-mediated models with gluino masses up to 1 TeV excluded. KW - SM Background KW - jet response KW - direct pair production KW - visible cross section KW - jet energy scale KW - Anti-k Jet KW - PDF set KW - validation region Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127523 VL - 72 IS - 2174 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of missing transverse momentum reconstruction in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV with ATLAS JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - The measurement of missing transverse momentum in the ATLAS detector, described in this paper, makes use of the full event reconstruction and a calibration based on reconstructed physics objects. The performance of the missing transverse momentum reconstruction is evaluated using data collected in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV in 2010. Minimum bias events and events with jets of hadrons are used from data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 0.3 nb\(^{−1}\) and 600 nb\(^{−1}\) respectively, together with events containing a Z boson decaying to two leptons (electrons or muons) or a W boson decaying to a lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino, from a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 36 pb\(^{−1}\). An estimate of the systematic uncertainty on the missing transverse momentum scale is presented KW - momentum scale KW - Atlas detector KW - pp collision KW - systematic uncertainty KW - transverse momentum Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127530 VL - 72 IS - 1844 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aad, G. A1 - Abbott, B. A1 - Abdallah, J. A1 - Abdel Khalek, S. A1 - Abdelalim, A. A. T1 - Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in the H→WW(⋆)→ℓνℓνH→WW(⋆)→ℓνℓν decay mode with 4.7 fb\(^{−1}\) of ATLAS data at \(\sqrt{s}\)=7 TeV JF - Physics Letters B N2 - A search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in the H→WW(⋆)→ℓνℓνH→WW(⋆)→ℓνℓν (ℓ=e,μℓ=e,μ) decay mode is presented. The search is performed using proton–proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb\(^{−1}\) at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV collected during 2011 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess of events over the expected background is observed. An upper bound is placed on the Higgs boson production cross section as a function of its mass. A Standard Model Higgs boson with mass in the range between 133 GeV and 261 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level, while the expected exclusion range is from 127 GeV to 233 GeV. KW - ATLAS KW - LHC KW - Higgs KW - WW Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127307 VL - 761 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aad, G. A1 - Abbott, B. A1 - Abdallah, J. A1 - Abdelalim, A. A. A1 - Abdesselam, A. T1 - Electron performance measurements with the ATLAS detector using the 2010 LHC proton-proton collision data JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - Detailed measurements of the electron performance of the ATLAS detector at the LHC are reported, using decays of the Z, W and J/ψ particles. Data collected in 2010 at s√=7 TeV are used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of almost 40 pb\(^{−1}\). The inter-alignment of the inner detector and the electromagnetic calorimeter, the determination of the electron energy scale and resolution, and the performance in terms of response uniformity and linearity are discussed. The electron identification, reconstruction and trigger efficiencies, as well as the charge misidentification probability, are also presented. KW - electromagnetic calorimeter KW - Atlas detector KW - calorimeter Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127313 VL - 72 IS - 1909 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aad, G. A1 - Abbott, B. A1 - Abdallah, J. A1 - Abdelalim, A. A. A1 - Abdesselam, A. T1 - Performance of the ATLAS Trigger System in 2010 JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - Proton–proton collisions at √s=7 TeV and heavy ion collisions at \(\sqrt{sNN}\)=2.76 TeV were produced by the LHC and recorded using the ATLAS experiment’s trigger system in 2010. The LHC is designed with a maximum bunch crossing rate of 40 MHz and the ATLAS trigger system is designed to record approximately 200 of these per second. The trigger system selects events by rapidly identifying signatures of muon, electron, photon, tau lepton, jet, and B meson candidates, as well as using global event signatures, such as missing transverse energy. An overview of the ATLAS trigger system, the evolution of the system during 2010 and the performance of the trigger system components and selections based on the 2010 collision data are shown. A brief outline of plans for the trigger system in 2011 is presented. KW - ATLAS KW - Trigger System Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127321 VL - 72 IS - 1849 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aad, G. A1 - Abbott, B. A1 - Abdallah, J. A1 - Abdelalim, A. A. A1 - Abdesselam, A. T1 - Forward-backward correlations and charged-particle azimuthal distributions in pp interactions using the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - Using inelastic proton-proton interactions at s√=900 GeV and 7 TeV, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC, measurements have been made of the correlations between forward and backward charged-particle multiplicities and, for the first time, between forward and backward charged-particle summed transverse momentum. In addition, jet-like structure in the events is studied by means of azimuthal distributions of charged particles relative to the charged particle with highest transverse momentum in a selected kinematic region of the event. The results are compared with predictions from tunes of the pythia and herwig++ Monte Carlo generators, which in most cases are found to provide a reasonable description of the data. KW - Hadron-Hadron Scattering Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127336 VL - 7 IS - 19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of inclusive two-particle angular correlations in pp collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - We present a measurement of two-particle angular correlations in proton- proton collisions at √s=900 GeV and 7 TeV. The collision events were collected during 2009 and 2010 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider using a single-arm minimum bias trigger. Correlations are measured for charged particles produced in the kinematic range of transverse momentum p\(_T\)  > 100 MeV and pseudorapidity |η| < 2.5. A complex structure in pseudorapidity and azimuth is observed at both collision energies. Results are compared to PYTHIA 8 and HERWIG++ as well as to the AMBT2B, DW and Perugia 2011 tunes of PYTHIA 6. The data are not satisfactorily described by any of these models. KW - hadron-hadron scattering Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127350 VL - 05 IS - 157 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for heavy neutrinos and right-handed W bosons in events with two leptons and jets in pp collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\)=7TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - This letter reports on a search for hypothetical heavy neutrinos, N, and right-handed gauge bosons, W R, in events with high transverse momentum objects which include two reconstructed leptons and at least one hadronic jet. The results were obtained from data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.1 fb\(^{−1}\) collected in proton–proton collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed. Excluded mass regions for Majorana and Dirac neutrinos are presented using two approaches for interactions that violate lepton and lepton-flavor numbers. One approach uses an effective operator framework, the other approach is guided by the Left–Right Symmetric Model. The results described in this letter represent the most stringent limits to date on the masses of heavy neutrinos and W\(_R\) bosons obtained in direct searches. KW - dilepton invariant mass, KW - heavy neutrino KW - non-prompt lepton KW - Anti-k Jet KW - fake lepton Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127796 VL - 72 IS - 2056 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of τ polarization in W→τν decays with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - In this paper, a measurement of τ polarization in W→τν decays is presented. It is measured from the energies of the decay products in hadronic τ decays with a single final state charged particle. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 24 pb\(^{−1}\), were collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2010. The measured value of the τ polarization is P\(_τ\)=−1.06±0.04 (stat)\(^{+0.05}_{−0.07}\) (syst), in agreement with the Standard Model prediction, and is consistent with a physically allowed 95 % CL interval [−1,−0.91]. Measurements of τ polarization have not previously been made at hadron colliders. KW - total systematic uncertainty KW - energy scale uncertainty KW - multijet background KW - electroweak background KW - jet energy KW - Monte Carlo methods KW - signal template KW - track momentum KW - calorimeter KW - detector track KW - transverse momentum KW - ATLAS detector KW - jet axis KW - multijet event KW - track multipilicty Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127807 VL - 72 IS - 2062 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of event shapes at large momentum transfer with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - A measurement of event shape variables is presented for large momentum transfer proton-proton collisions using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Six event shape variables calculated using hadronic jets are studied in inclusive multi-jet events in 35 pb\(^{−1}\) of integrated luminosity at a center-of-mass energy of √s=7 TeV. These measurements are compared to predictions by three Monte Carlo event generators containing leading-logarithmic parton showers matched to leading order matrix elements for 2→2 and 2→n (n=2,…,6) scattering. Measurements of the third-jet resolution parameter, aplanarity, thrust, sphericity, and transverse sphericity are generally well described. The mean value of each event shape variable is evaluated as a function of the average momentum of the two leading jets p\(_{T,1}\) and p\(_{T,2}\), with a mean p\(_T\) approaching 1 TeV. KW - JES uncertainty KW - event shape variable KW - jet energy scale KW - event shape observable KW - jet cross section KW - high jet multiplicity KW - jet calibration KW - parton shower KW - energy scale KW - MC program KW - hadronic final state KW - jet transverse momentum KW - MC event generator KW - systematic uncertainty Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127813 VL - 72 IS - 2211 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking with the ATLAS detector based on a disappearing-track signature in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - In models of anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking (AMSB), the lightest chargino is predicted to have a lifetime long enough to be detected in collider experiments. This letter explores AMSB scenarios in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV by attempting to identify decaying charginos which result in tracks that appear to have few associated hits in the outer region of the tracking system. The search was based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.02 fb\(^{−1}\) collected with the ATLAS detector in 2011. The p\(_T\) spectrum of candidate tracks is found to be consistent with the expectation from Standard Model background processes and constraints on the lifetime and the production cross section were obtained. In the minimal AMSB framework with m\(_{3/2}\)<32 TeV, m\(_0\)<1.5 TeV, tanβ=5 and μ>0, a chargino having mass below 92 GeV and a lifetime between 0.5 ns and 2 ns is excluded at 95 % confidence level. KW - chargino decay KW - anomaly mediation KW - supersymmetry KW - symmetry breaking KW - scattering KW - chargino lifetime KW - sparticle cascade decay KW - chargino mass KW - track data analysis KW - transverse momentum momentum spectrum KW - background KW - Monte Carlo KW - experimental results KW - sparticle pair production KW - chargino --> neutralino pi KW - CERN LHC Coll KW - ATLAS KW - 7000 GeV-cms Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127850 VL - 72 IS - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A search for \(t\overline t\) resonances with the ATLAS detector in 2.05 fb\(^{−1}\) of proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV JF - European Physical Journal C N2 - A search for top quark pair resonances in final states containing at least one electron or muon has been performed with the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The search uses a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.05 fb\(^{−1}\), which was recorded in 2011 at a proton-proton centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. No evidence for a resonance is found and limits are set on the production cross-section times branching ratio to \(t\overline t\) for narrow and wide resonances. For narrow Z′ bosons, the observed 95 % Bayesian credibility level limits range from 9.3 pb to 0.95 pb for masses in the range of m Z′=500 GeV to m\(_{Z′}\)=1300 GeV. The corresponding excluded mass region for a leptophobic topcolour Z′ boson (Kaluza-Klein gluon excitation in the Randall-Sundrum model) is m\(_{Z′}\)<880 GeV (m\(_{gKK}\)<1130 GeV). KW - dilepton invariant mass KW - dilepton channel KW - jet channel KW - top quark mass KW - heavy flavour quark KW - reconstructed mass spectrum KW - muon channel KW - single top production KW - electron energy deposition KW - multijet background KW - non-prompt lepton KW - light quark jet KW - jet sample KW - pair invariant mass KW - event selcetion cut Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127959 VL - 72 IS - 2083 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of W\(^{±}\)Z production in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C N2 - A study of W\(^{±}\)Z production in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb\(^{−1}\) collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2011. In total, 317 candidates, with a background expectation of 68±10 events, are observed in double-leptonic decay final states with electrons, muons and missing transverse momentum. The total cross-section is determined to be σ\(^{tot}_{WZ}\)=19.0\(^{+1.4}_{−1.3}\)(stat.)±0.9(syst.)±0.4(lumi.) pb, consistent with the Standard Model expectation of 17.6\(^{+1.1}_{−1.0}\) pb. Limits on anomalous triple gauge boson couplings are derived using the transverse momentum spectrum of Z bosons in the selected events. The cross-section is also presented as a function of Z boson transverse momentum and diboson invariant mass. KW - ATLAS Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127963 VL - 72 IS - 2173 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for high-mass resonances decaying to dilepton final states in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is used to search for high-mass resonances decaying to an electron-positron pair or a muon-antimuon pair. The search is sensitive to heavy neutral Z′ gauge bosons, Randall-Sundrum gravitons, Z* bosons, techni-mesons, Kaluza-Klein Z/γ bosons, and bosons predicted by Torsion models. Results are presented based on an analysis of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb\(^{−1}\) in the e\(^+\)e\(^−\) channel and 5.0 fb\(^{−1}\) in the μ\(^+\)μ\(^−\)channel. A Z′ boson with Standard Model-like couplings is excluded at 95 % confidence level for masses below 2.22 TeV. A Randall-Sundrum graviton with coupling k/\(\overline M_{Pl}\)=0.1 is excluded at 95 % confidence level for masses below 2.16 TeV. Limits on the other models are also presented, including Technicolor and Minimal Z′ Models. KW - hadron-hadron scattering Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127974 VL - 11 IS - 138 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for anomalous production of prompt like-sign lepton pairs at √s=7TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - An inclusive search for anomalous production of two prompt, isolated leptons with the same electric charge is presented. The search is performed in a data sample corresponding to 4.7 fb\(^{−1}\) of integrated luminosity collected in 2011 at √s=7TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Pairs of leptons (e\(^{±}\)e\(^{±}\), e\(^{±}\)μ\(^{±}\), and μ\(^{±}\)μ\(^{±}\)) with large transverse momentum are selected, and the dilepton invariant mass distribution is examined for any deviation from the Standard Model expectation. No excess is found, and upper limits on the production cross section of like-sign lepton pairs from physics processes beyond the Standard Model are placed as a function of the dilepton invariant mass within a fiducial region close to the experimental selection criteria. The 95% confidence level upper limits on the cross section of anomalous e\(^{±}\)e\(^{±}\), e\(^{±}\)μ\(^{±}\), or μ\(^{±}\)μ\(^{±}\) production range between 1.7 fb and 64 fb depending on the dilepton mass and flavour combination. KW - hadron-hadron scattering Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127983 VL - 12 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurements of the pseudorapidity dependence of the total transverse energy in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV with ATLAS JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - This paper describes measurements of the sum of the transverse energy of particles as a function of particle pseudorapidity, η, in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy, √s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are performed in the region |η| < 4.8 for two event classes: those requiring the presence of particles with a low transverse momentum and those requiring particles with a significant transverse momentum. In the second dataset measurements are made in the region transverse to the hard scatter. The distributions are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators, which generally tend to underestimate the amount of transverse energy at high |η|. KW - hadron-hadron scattering Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127998 VL - 11 IS - 033 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W→eν and W→μν decays, using data from pp collisions at s√=7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb\(^{−1}\). Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse momentum, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f\(_0\), f\(_L\) and f\(_R\) over two ranges of W transverse momentum (p\(^W_T\)):3550 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For p\(^W_T\)>50 GeV, the values of f\(_0\) and f\(_L\)−f\(_R\), averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be: f\(_0\)=0.127±0.030±0.108 and f\(_L\)−f\(_R\)=0.252±0.017±0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects. KW - good agreement KW - transverse plane KW - Atlas detector KW - transverse momentum KW - helicity fraction KW - Pp Collision KW - lepton flavour KW - systematic effect Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127615 VL - 72 IS - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapidity gap cross sections measured with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at √s=7TeV JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - Pseudorapidity gap distributions in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV are studied using a minimum bias data sample with an integrated luminosity of 7.1 μb\(^{−1}\). Cross sections are measured differentially in terms of Δη\(^F\), the larger of the pseudorapidity regions extending to the limits of the ATLAS sensitivity, at η=±4.9, in which no final state particles are produced above a transverse momentum threshold pcutT. The measurements span the region 0<Δη\(^F\)<8 for 200MeV 20 GeV and rapidity |y| < 2.8. This corresponds to a measurement of the effective area parameter for hard double-parton interactions of \(\sigma_{eff} = 15 ± 3 (stat.)^{+5}_{−3} (sys.)\) mb. KW - hard double-patron interactions Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-131531 VL - 15 IS - 033038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for extra dimensions in diphoton events from proton–proton collisions at \(\sqrt {s} = 7\)  TeV in the ATLAS detector at the LHC JF - New Journal of Physics N2 - The large difference between the Planck scale and the electroweak scale, known as the hierarchy problem, is addressed in certain models through the postulate of extra spatial dimensions. A search for evidence of extra spatial dimensions in the diphoton channel has been performed using the full set of proton–proton collisions at \(\sqrt {s} = 7\) TeV recorded in 2011 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. This dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of \(4.9 fb^{−1}\). The diphoton invariant mass spectrum is observed to be in good agreement with the Standard Model expectation. In the context of the model proposed by Arkani–Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali, 95% confidence level lower limits of between 2.52 and 3.92 TeV are set on the ultraviolet cutoff scale MS depending on the number of extra dimensions and the theoretical formalism used. In the context of the Randall–Sundrum model, a lower limit of 2.06 (1.00) TeV at 95% confidence level is set on the mass of the lightest graviton for couplings of \(k/\overline {M}_{Pl} = 0.1 (0.01)\). Combining with the ATLAS dilepton searches based on the 2011 data, the 95% confidence level lower limit on the Randall–Sundrum graviton mass is further tightened to 2.23 (1.03) TeV for \(k/\overline {M}_{Pl} = 0.1 (0.01)\). KW - diphoton events KW - proton-proton collision Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-131548 VL - 15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for doubly charged Higgs bosons in like-sign dilepton final states at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - A search for doubly charged Higgs bosons decaying to pairs of electrons and/or muons is presented. The search is performed using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb\(^{−1}\) of pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Pairs of prompt, isolated, high-p\(_T\) leptons with the same electric charge (\(e^±e^±, e^±μ^±, μ^±μ^±\)) are selected, and their invariant mass distribution is searched for a narrow resonance. No significant excess over Standard Model background expectations is observed, and limits are placed on the cross section times branching ratio for pair production of doubly charged Higgs bosons. The masses of doubly charged Higgs bosons are constrained depending on the branching ratio into these leptonic final states. Assuming pair production, coupling to left-handed fermions, and a branching ratio of 100 % for each final state, masses below 409 GeV, 375 GeV, and 398 GeV are excluded for \(e^±e^±, e^±μ^±\), and \(μ^±μ^±\), respectively. KW - background expectation KW - cross section time KW - acceptance time efficiency KW - partial decay width KW - WZ production KW - extrapolation factor KW - dilepton mass KW - charge misidentification KW - systematic uncertainty KW - non-prompt lepton KW - neutral Higgs boson KW - producation cross section KW - invariant mass distribution KW - MC simulation KW - leptonic final state Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-129540 VL - 72 IS - 2244 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A search for \(t\overline t\) resonances in lepton+jets events with highly boosted top quarks collected in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A search for resonant production of high-mass top-quark pairs is performed on 2.05 fb\(^{−1}\) of proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV collected in 2011 with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. This analysis of the lepton+jets final state is specifically designed for the particular topology that arises from the decay of highly boosted top quarks. The observed \(t\overline t\) invariant mass spectrum is found to be compatible with the Standard Model prediction and 95% credibility level upper limits are derived on the \(t\overline t\) production rate through new massive states. An upper limit of 0.7 pb is set on the production cross section times branching fraction of a narrow 1 TeV resonance. A Kaluza-Klein gluon with a mass smaller than 1.5 TeV is excluded. KW - hadron-hadron scattering Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-129555 VL - 09 IS - 41 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for light scalar top-quark pair production in final states with two leptons with the ATLAS detector in √s=7 TeV proton–proton collisions JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - A search is presented for the pair production of light scalar top quarks in √s=7 TeV proton–proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. This analysis uses the full data sample collected during 2011 running that corresponds to a total integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb\(^{−1}\). Light scalar top quarks are searched for in events with two opposite-sign leptons (e, μ), large missing transverse momentum and at least one jet in the final state. No excess over Standard Model expectations is found, and the results are interpreted under the assumption that the light scalar top decays to a b-quark in addition to an on-shell chargino whose decay occurs through a virtual W boson. If the chargino mass is 106 GeV, light scalar top-quark masses up to 130 GeV are excluded for neutralino masses below 70 GeV. KW - signal cross section KW - jet energy scale KW - jet energy scale uncertainty KW - dead region KW - jet energy resolution KW - top quark pair KW - charingo mass KW - top quark decay KW - SM background KW - simulaed event sample KW - MC simulation KW - visible cross section KW - anti-k jet KW - top event dilepton invariant mass Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-129561 VL - 72 IS - 2237 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bechtle, Philip A1 - Bringmann, Torsten A1 - Desch, Klaus A1 - Dreiner, Herbi A1 - Hamer, Matthias A1 - Hensel, Carsten A1 - Krämer, Michael A1 - Nguyen, Nelly A1 - Porod, Werner A1 - Prudent, Xavier A1 - Sarrazin, Björn A1 - Uhlenbrock, Mathias A1 - Wienemann, Peter T1 - Constrained supersymmetry after two years of LHC data: a global view with Fittino JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - We perform global fits to the parameters of the Constrained Minimal Super-symmetric Standard Model (CMSSM) and to a variant with non-universal Higgs masses (NUHM1). In addition to constraints from low-energy precision observables and the cosmological dark matter density, we take into account the LHC exclusions from searches in jets plus missing transverse energy signatures with about 5 fb\(^{−1}\) of integrated luminosity. We also include the most recent upper bound on the branching ratio B\(_s\)  → μμ from LHCb. Furthermore, constraints from and implications for direct and indirect dark matter searches are discussed. The best fit of the CMSSM prefers a light Higgs boson just above the experimentally excluded mass. We find that the description of the low-energy observables, (g − 2)\(_μ\) in particular, and the non-observation of SUSY at the LHC become more and more incompatible within the CMSSM. A potential SM-like Higgs boson with mass around 126 GeV can barely be accommodated. Values for B(B\(_s\)→μμ) just around the Standard Model prediction are naturally expected in the best fit region. The most-preferred region is not yet affected by limits on direct WIMP searches, but the next generation of experiments will probe this region. Finally, we discuss implications from fine-tuning for the best fit regions. KW - supersymmetry phenomenology Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-129573 VL - 06 IS - 098 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ATLAS search for a heavy gauge boson decaying to a charged lepton and a neutrino in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - The ATLAS detector at the LHC is used to search for high-mass states, such as heavy charged gauge bosons (W′), decaying to a charged lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino. Results are presented based on the analysis of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb\(^{−1}\). No excess beyond Standard Model expectations is observed. A W′ with Sequential Standard Model couplings is excluded at the 95 % credibility level for masses up to 2.55 TeV. Excited chiral bosons (W∗) with equivalent coupling strength are excluded for masses up to 2.42 TeV. KW - systematic uncertainty KW - muon decay channel KW - partial decay width KW - simulated signal event KW - background cross section KW - primary vertex KW - sequential standard model KW - muon spectrometer KW - Cl Lowe limit KW - QCD background KW - coupling strength KW - isolation requirement KW - chiral boson KW - experimental systematic uncertainty Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128888 VL - 72 IS - 2241 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for supersymmetry in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, and at least one tau lepton in 7 TeV proton-proton collision data with the JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - A search for supersymmetry (SUSY) in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, and at least one hadronically decaying τ lepton, with zero or one additional light lepton (e/μ), has been performed using 4.7 fb\(^{−1}\) of proton-proton collision data at \(\sqrt s\)=7TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed and a 95 % confidence level visible cross-section upper limit for new phenomena is set. In the framework of gauge-mediated SUSY-breaking models, lower limits on the mass scale Λ are set at 54 TeV in the regions where the \(\tilde τ_1\) is the next-to-lightest SUSY particle (tanβ>20). These limits provide the most stringent tests to date of GMSB models in a large part of the parameter space considered. KW - multi-jet background KW - jet energy scale KW - systematic uncertainty KW - jet background KW - anti-k jet KW - jet energy resolution KW - MC expectation KW - GMSB model KW - Cl Lowe limit KW - transverse momentum KW - single top event KW - SM background KW - MC simulation KW - transverse momentum vector KW - SUSY breaking scale Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128891 VL - 72 IS - 2215 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the charge asymmetry in top quark pair production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - A measurement of the top-antitop production charge asymmetry A C is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.04 fb\(^{−1}\) of pp collisions at √s=7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are selected with a single lepton (electron or muon), missing transverse momentum and at least four jets of which at least one jet is identified as coming from a b-quark. A kinematic fit is used to reconstruct the t\(\overline t\) event topology. After background subtraction, a Bayesian unfolding procedure is performed to correct for acceptance and detector effects. The measured value of A\(_C\) is AC=−0.019±0.028 (stat.)±0.024 (syst.), consistent with the prediction from the MC@NLO Monte Carlo generator of A\(_C\) =0.006±0.002. Measurements of A\(_C\) in two ranges of invariant mass of the top-antitop pair are also shown. KW - jet multiplicity KW - B-tagged jet KW - systematic uncertainty KW - jet energy resolution KW - top quark masse KW - muon channel KW - jet scale energy KW - light quark jet KW - heavy flavour KW - single top production KW - single top event KW - fake lepton KW - top quark pair KW - multijet background KW - JES Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128904 VL - 72 IS - 2039 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the top quark mass with the template method in the \(t\overline t\)→lepton+jets channel using ATLAS data JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - The top quark mass has been measured using the template method in the \(t\overline t\)→lepton+jets channel based on data recorded in 2011 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The data were taken at a proton-proton centre-of-mass energy of √s=7 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.04 fb\(^{−1}\). The analyses in the e+jets and μ+jets decay channels yield consistent results. The top quark mass is measured to be m\(_{top}\)=174.5±0.6\(_{stat}\)±2.3\(_{syst}\) GeV. KW - JES uncertainty KW - jet energy scale KW - top quark mass KW - jet channel KW - single top quark KW - jet energy scale uncertainty KW - systematic uncertainty KW - calorimeter response KW - simulated signal event KW - top quark decay KW - jet reconstruction efficiency KW - jet energy measurement KW - light quark jet KW - single top quark production KW - inclusive jet sample Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128912 VL - 72 IS - 2046 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the cross section for top-quark pair production in pp collisions at √s=7TeV with the ATLAS detector using final states with two high-p\(_T\) leptons JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A measurement is reported of the production cross section of top-quark pairs (\(t\overline t\)) in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Candidate events have a signature consistent with containing two isolated leptons, large missing transverse momentum, and at least two jets. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.70 fb\(^{−1}\), a \(t\overline t\) production cross section σ\(_{t\overline t}\)=176±5(stat.)\(^{+14}_{−11}\)(syst.)±8(lum.) pb is measured for an assumed top-quark mass of m\(_t\)  = 172.5 GeV. This measurement is in good agreement with Standard Model predictions. KW - hadron-hadron scattering Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128924 VL - 5 IS - 59 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of \(t\overline t\) production with a veto on additional central jet activity in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C N2 - A measurement of the jet activity in \(t\overline t\) events produced in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented, using 2.05 fb\(^{−1}\) of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The \(t\overline t\) events are selected in the dilepton decay channel with two identified b-jets from the top quark decays. Events are vetoed if they contain an additional jet with transverse momentum above a threshold in a central rapidity interval. The fraction of events surviving the jet veto is presented as a function of this threshold for four different central rapidity interval definitions. An alternate measurement is also performed, in which events are vetoed if the scalar transverse momentum sum of the additional jets in each rapidity interval is above a threshold. In both measurements, the data are corrected for detector effects and compared to the theoretical models implemented in MC@NLO, Powheg, Alpgen and Sherpa. The experimental uncertainties are often smaller than the spread of theoretical predictions, allowing deviations between data and theory to be observed in some regions of phase space. KW - jet reconstruction efficiency KW - jet energy scale KW - jet energy scale uncertainty KW - fiducial cross section KW - individual systematic uncertainty KW - jet energy resolution KW - systematic uncertainty KW - muon reconstruction efficiency KW - rapidity interval KW - pythia parton shower KW - jet transverse momentum KW - underlying event tune KW - particle level jet KW - additional jet KW - MC event generator Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128931 VL - 72 IS - 2043 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for excited electrons and muons in \(\sqrt {s}=8\) TeV proton–proton collisions with the ATLAS detector JF - New Journal of Physics N2 - The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is used to search for excited electrons and excited muons in the channel \(pp →ℓℓ^\ast→ℓℓ\gamma \), assuming that excited leptons are produced via contact interactions. The analysis is based on \(13 fb^{−1}\) of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. No evidence for excited leptons is found, and a limit is set at the 95% credibility level on the cross section times branching ratio as a function of the excitedlepton mass \(m_{ℓ^\ast}\) . For \(m_{ℓ^\ast}\) ≽0.8 TeV, the respective upper limits on \(\sigma B(ℓ→ ℓ\gamma)\) are 0.75 and 0.90 fb for the \(e^\ast\) and \(μ^\ast\) searches. Limits on \(\sigma B\) are converted into lower bounds on the compositeness scale \(\Lambda\). In the special case where \(\Lambda = m_{ℓ^\ast}\), excited-electron and excited-muon masses below 2.2 TeV are excluded. KW - excited electrons KW - muons Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-131557 VL - 15 IS - 093011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for WH production with a light Higgs boson decaying to prompt electron-jets in proton–proton collisions at \(\sqrt {s}=7\)  TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - New Journal of Physics N2 - A search is performed for WH production with a light Higgs boson decaying to hidden-sector particles resulting in clusters of collimated electrons, known as electron-jets. The search is performed with \(2.04 fb^{−1}\) of data collected in 2011 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in proton–proton collisions at \(\sqrt {s}=7 TeV\) . One event satisfying the signal selection criteria is observed, which is consistent with the expected background rate. Limits on the product of the WH production cross section and the branching ratio of a Higgs boson decaying to prompt electron-jets are calculated as a function of a Higgs boson mass in the range from 100 to 140 GeV. KW - Higgs boson Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-131565 VL - 15 IS - 043009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kilian, W. A1 - Ohl, T. A1 - Reuter, J. A1 - Speckner, C. T1 - QCD in the color-flow representation JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - For many practical purposes, it is convenient to formulate unbroken non-abelian gauge theories like QCD in a color-flow basis. We present a new derivation of SU(N) interactions in the color-flow basis by extending the gauge group to U(N) × U(1)′ in such a way that the two U(1) factors cancel each other. We use the quantum action principles to show the equivalence to the usual basis to all orders in perturbation theory. We extend the known Feynman rules to exotic color representations (e.g. sextets) and discuss practical applications as they occur in automatic computation programs. KW - QCD KW - scattering amplitudes KW - 1/N expansion Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-129583 VL - 10 IS - 022 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hunt for new phenomena using large jet multiplicities and missing transverse momentum with ATLAS in 4.7 fb\(^{−1}\) of √s=7TeV proton-proton collisions JF - The Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - Results are presented of a search for new particles decaying to large numbers of jets in association with missing transverse momentum, using 4.7 fb\(^{−1}\) of pp collision data at √s=7TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2011. The event selection requires missing transverse momentum, no isolated electrons or muons, and from ≥6 to ≥9 jets. No evidence is found for physics beyond the Standard Model. The results are interpreted in the context of a MSUGRA/CMSSM supersymmetric model, where, for large universal scalar mass m 0, gluino masses smaller than 840 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level, extending previously published limits. Within a simplified model containing only a gluino octet and a neutralino, gluino masses smaller than 870 GeV are similarly excluded for neutralino masses below 100 GeV. KW - hadron-hadron scattering Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-129591 VL - 07 IS - 167 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langenfeld, Ulrich A1 - Moch, Sven-Olaf A1 - Pfoh, Torsten T1 - QCD threshold corrections for gluino pair production at hadron colliders JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - We present the complete threshold enhanced predictions in QCD for the total cross section of gluino pair production at hadron colliders at next-to-next-to-leading order. Thanks to the computation of the required one-loop hard matching coefficients our results are accurate to the next-to-next-to-leading logarithm. In a brief phenomenological study we provide predictions for the total hadronic cross sections at the LHC and we discuss the uncertainties arising from scale variations and the parton distribution functions. KW - resummation KW - supersymmetric standard model Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-129609 VL - 11 IS - 070 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for second generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - The European Physical Journal C N2 - The results of a search for the production of second generation scalar leptoquarks are presented for final states consisting of either two muons and at least two jets or a muon plus missing transverse momentum and at least two jets. A total of 1.03 fb\(^{−1}\) integrated luminosity of proton-proton collision data produced by the Large Hadron Collider at s√=7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector is used for the search. The event yields in the signal regions are found to be consistent with the Standard Model background expectations. The production of second generation leptoquarks is excluded for a leptoquark mass m\(_{LQ}\)<594 (685) GeV at 95 % confidence level, for a branching ratio of 0.5 (1.0) for leptoquark decay to a muon and a quark. KW - jet energy scale KW - top quark mass KW - multi-jet background KW - simulated event sample KW - SM background KW - acceptance time efficiency KW - top quark contribution KW - top quark pair KW - primary vertex KW - single top quark production KW - signal cross section KW - systematic uncertainty KW - single top quark Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128957 VL - 72 IS - 2151 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for same-sign top-quark production and fourth-generation down-type quarks in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A search is presented for same-sign top-quark production and down-type heavy quarks of charge −1/3 in events with two isolated leptons (e or μ) that have the same electric charge, at least two jets and large missing transverse momentum. The data are selected from pp collisions at √s=7TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.04 fb\(^{−1}\). The observed data are consistent with expectations from Standard Model processes. Upper limits are set at 95 % confidence level on the cross section of new sources of same-sign top-quark pair production of 1.4-2.0 pb depending on the assumed mediator mass. Upper limits are also set on the pair-production cross-section for new heavy down-type quarks; a lower limit of 450 GeV is set at 95 % confidence level on the mass of heavy down-type quarks under the assumption that they decay 100 % of the time to W t. KW - hadron-hadron scattering Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128960 VL - 04 IS - 69 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Jet mass and substructure of inclusive jets in √s=7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS experiment JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - Recent studies have highlighted the potential of jet substructure techniques to identify the hadronic decays of boosted heavy particles. These studies all rely upon the assumption that the internal substructure of jets generated by QCD radiation is well understood. In this article, this assumption is tested on an inclusive sample of jets recorded with the ATLAS detector in 2010, which corresponds to 35 pb\(^{−1}\) of pp collisions delivered by the LHC at √s=7TeV. In a subsample of events with single pp collisions, measurements corrected for detector efficiency and resolution are presented with full systematic uncertainties. Jet invariant mass, k\(_t\) splitting scales and N-subjettiness variables are presented for anti-k\(_t\) R = 1.0 jets and Cambridge-Aachen R = 1.2 jets. Jet invariant-mass spectra for Cambridge-Aachen R = 1.2 jets after a splitting and filtering procedure are also presented. Leading-order parton-shower Monte Carlo predictions for these variables are found to be broadly in agreement with data. The dependence of mean jet mass on additional pp interactions is also explored. KW - hadron-hadron scattering Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128970 VL - 05 IS - 128 ER - TY - THES A1 - Winkler, Marco T1 - On the Role of Triadic Substructures in Complex Networks T1 - Über die Bedeutung von Dreiecksstrukturen in komplexen Netzwerken N2 - In the course of the growth of the Internet and due to increasing availability of data, over the last two decades, the field of network science has established itself as an own area of research. With quantitative scientists from computer science, mathematics, and physics working on datasets from biology, economics, sociology, political sciences, and many others, network science serves as a paradigm for interdisciplinary research. One of the major goals in network science is to unravel the relationship between topological graph structure and a network’s function. As evidence suggests, systems from the same fields, i.e. with similar function, tend to exhibit similar structure. However, it is still vague whether a similar graph structure automatically implies likewise function. This dissertation aims at helping to bridge this gap, while particularly focusing on the role of triadic structures. After a general introduction to the main concepts of network science, existing work devoted to the relevance of triadic substructures is reviewed. A major challenge in modeling triadic structure is the fact that not all three-node subgraphs can be specified independently of each other, as pairs of nodes may participate in multiple of those triadic subgraphs. In order to overcome this obstacle, we suggest a novel class of generative network models based on so called Steiner triple systems. The latter are partitions of a graph’s vertices into pair-disjoint triples (Steiner triples). Thus, the configurations on Steiner triples can be specified independently of each other without overdetermining the network’s link structure. Subsequently, we investigate the most basic realization of this new class of models. We call it the triadic random graph model (TRGM). The TRGM is parametrized by a probability distribution over all possible triadic subgraph patterns. In order to generate a network instantiation of the model, for all Steiner triples in the system, a pattern is drawn from the distribution and adjusted randomly on the Steiner triple. We calculate the degree distribution of the TRGM analytically and find it to be similar to a Poissonian distribution. Furthermore, it is shown that TRGMs possess non-trivial triadic structure. We discover inevitable correlations in the abundance of certain triadic subgraph patterns which should be taken into account when attributing functional relevance to particular motifs – patterns which occur significantly more frequently than expected at random. Beyond, the strong impact of the probability distributions on the Steiner triples on the occurrence of triadic subgraphs over the whole network is demonstrated. This interdependence allows us to design ensembles of networks with predefined triadic substructure. Hence, TRGMs help to overcome the lack of generative models needed for assessing the relevance of triadic structure. We further investigate whether motifs occur homogeneously or heterogeneously distributed over a graph. Therefore, we study triadic subgraph structures in each node’s neighborhood individually. In order to quantitatively measure structure from an individual node’s perspective, we introduce an algorithm for node-specific pattern mining for both directed unsigned, and undirected signed networks. Analyzing real-world datasets, we find that there are networks in which motifs are distributed highly heterogeneously, bound to the proximity of only very few nodes. Moreover, we observe indication for the potential sensitivity of biological systems to a targeted removal of these critical vertices. In addition, we study whole graphs with respect to the homogeneity and homophily of their node-specific triadic structure. The former describes the similarity of subgraph distributions in the neighborhoods of individual vertices. The latter quantifies whether connected vertices are structurally more similar than non-connected ones. We discover these features to be characteristic for the networks’ origins. Moreover, clustering the vertices of graphs regarding their triadic structure, we investigate structural groups in the neural network of C. elegans, the international airport-connection network, and the global network of diplomatic sentiments between countries. For the latter we find evidence for the instability of triangles considered socially unbalanced according to sociological theories. Finally, we utilize our TRGM to explore ensembles of networks with similar triadic substructure in terms of the evolution of dynamical processes acting on their nodes. Focusing on oscillators, coupled along the graphs’ edges, we observe that certain triad motifs impose a clear signature on the systems’ dynamics, even when embedded in a larger network structure. N2 - Im Zuge des Wachstums des Internets und der Verfügbarkeit nie da gewesener Datenmengen, hat sich, während der letzten beiden Jahrzehnte, die Netzwerkwissenschaft zu einer eigenständigen Forschungsrichtung entwickelt. Mit Wissenschaftlern aus quantitativen Feldern wie der Informatik, Mathematik und Physik, die Datensätze aus Biologie, den Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Soziologie, Politikwissenschaft und vielen weiteren Anwendungsgebieten untersuchen, stellt die Netzwerkwissenschaft ein Paradebeispiel interdisziplinärer Forschung dar. Eines der grundlegenden Ziele der Netzwerkwissenschaft ist es, den Zusammenhang zwischen der topologischen Struktur und der Funktion von Netzwerken herauszufinden. Es gibt zahlreiche Hinweise, dass Netz-werke aus den gleichen Bereichen, d.h. Systeme mit ähnlicher Funktion, auch ähnliche Graphstrukturen aufweisen. Es ist allerdings nach wie vor unklar, ob eine ähnliche Graphstruktur generell zu gleicher Funktionsweise führt. Es ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation, zur Klärung dieser Frage beizutragen. Das Hauptaugenmerk wird hierbei auf der Rolle von Dreiecksstrukturen liegen. Nach einer allgemeinen Einführung der wichtigsten Grundlagen der Theorie komplexer Netzwerke, wird eine Übersicht über existierende Arbeiten zur Bedeutung von Dreiecksstrukturen gegeben. Eine der größten Herausforderungen bei der Modellierung triadischer Strukturen ist die Tatsache, dass nicht alle Dreiecksbeziehungen in einem Graphen unabhängig voneinander bestimmt werden können, da zwei Knoten an mehreren solcher Dreiecksbeziehungen beteiligt sein können. Um dieses Problem zu lösen, führen wir, basierend auf sogenannten Steiner-Tripel-Systemen, eine neue Klasse generativer Netzwerkmodelle ein. Steiner-Tripel-Systeme sind Zerlegungen der Knoten eines Graphen in paarfremde Tripel (Steiner-Tripel). Daher können die Konfigurationen auf Steiner-Tripeln unabhängig voneinander gewählt werden, ohne dass dies zu einer Überbestimmung der Netzwerkstruktur führen würde. Anschließend untersuchen wir die grundlegendste Realisierung dieser neuen Klasse von Netzwerkmodellen, die wir das triadische Zufallsgraph-Modell (engl. triadic random graph model, TRGM) nennen. TRGMs werden durch eine Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung über alle möglichen Dreiecksstrukturen parametrisiert. Um ein konkretes Netzwerk zu erzeugen wird für jedes Steiner-Tripel eine Dreiecksstruktur gemäß der Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung gezogen und zufällig auf dem Tripel orientiert. Wir berechnen die Knotengradverteilung des TRGM analytisch und finden heraus, dass diese einer Poissonverteilung ähnelt. Des Weiteren wird gezeigt, dass TRGMs nichttriviale Dreiecksstrukturen aufweisen. Außerdem finden wir unvermeidliche Korrelationen im Auftreten bestimmter Subgraphen, derer man sich bewusst sein sollte. Insbesondere wenn es darum geht, die Bedeutung sogenannter Motive (Strukturen, die signifikant häufiger als zufällig erwartet auftreten) zu beurteilen. Darüber hinaus wird der starke Einfluss der Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung auf den Steiner-Tripeln, auf die generelle Dreiecksstruktur der erzeugten Netzwerke gezeigt. Diese Abhängigkeit ermöglicht es, Netzwerkensembles mit vorgegebener Dreiecksstruktur zu konzipieren. Daher helfen TRGMs dabei, den bestehenden Mangel an generativen Netzwerkmodellen, zur Beurteilung der Bedeutung triadischer Strukturen in Graphen, zu beheben. Es wird ferner untersucht, wie homogen Motive räumlich über Graphstrukturen verteilt sind. Zu diesem Zweck untersuchen wir das Auftreten von Dreiecksstrukturen in der Umgebung jedes Knotens separat. Um die Struktur individueller Knoten quantitativ erfassen zu können, führen wir einen Algorithmus zur knotenspezifischen Musterauswertung (node-specific pattern mining) ein, der sowohl auf gerichtete, als auch auf Graphen mit positiven und negativen Kanten angewendet werden kann. Bei der Analyse realer Datensätze beobachten wir, dass Motive in einigen Netzen hochgradig heterogen verteilt, und auf die Umgebung einiger, weniger Knoten beschränkt sind. Darüber hinaus finden wir Hinweise auf die mögliche Fehleranfälligkeit biologischer Systeme auf ein gezieltes Entfernen ebendieser Knoten. Des Weiteren studieren wir ganze Graphen bezüglich der Homogenität und Homophilie ihrer knotenspezifischen Dreiecksmuster. Erstere beschreibt die Ähnlichkeit der lokalen Dreiecksstrukturen zwischen verschiedenen Knoten. Letztere gibt an, ob sich verbundene Knoten bezüglich ihrer Dreiecksstruktur ähnlicher sind, als nicht verbundene Knoten. Wir stellen fest, dass diese Eigenschaften charakteristisch für die Herkunft der jeweiligen Netzwerke sind. Darüber hinaus gruppieren wir die Knoten verschiedener Systeme bezüglich der Ähnlichkeit ihrer lokalen Dreiecksstrukturen. Hierzu untersuchen wir das neuronale Netz von C. elegans, das internationale Flugverbindungsnetzwerk, sowie das Netzwerk internationaler Beziehungen zwischen Staaten. In Letzterem finden wir Hinweise darauf, dass Dreieckskonfigurationen, die nach soziologischen Theorien als unbalanciert gelten, besonders instabil sind. Schließlich verwenden wir unser TRGM, um Netzwerkensembles mit ähnlicher Dreiecksstruktur bezüglich der Eigenschaften dynamischer Prozesse, die auf ihren Knoten ablaufen, zu untersuchen. Wir konzentrieren uns auf Oszillatoren, die entlang der Kanten der Graphen miteinander gekoppelt sind. Hierbei beobachten wir, dass bestimmte Dreiecksmotive charakteristische Merkmale im dynamischen Verhalten der Systeme hinterlassen. Dies ist auch der Fall, wenn die Motive in eine größere Netzwerkstruktur eingebettet sind. KW - Netzwerk KW - Komplexes System KW - Substruktur KW - Dreieck KW - Networks KW - Complex Systems KW - Statistics KW - Machine Learning KW - Biological Networks KW - Statistische Physik KW - Statistische Mechanik KW - Data Mining KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Graphentheorie Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-116022 SN - 978-3-7375-5654-5 PB - epubli GmbH CY - Berlin ER - TY - THES A1 - Reis, Felix T1 - Realization and Spectroscopy of the Quantum Spin Hall Insulator Bismuthene on Silicon Carbide T1 - Realisierung und Spektroskopie des Quanten-Spin-Hall-Isolators Bismuten auf Siliziumkarbid N2 - Topological matter is one of the most vibrant research fields of contemporary solid state physics since the theoretical prediction of the quantum spin Hall effect in graphene in 2005. Quantum spin Hall insulators possess a vanishing bulk conductivity but symmetry-protected, helical edge states that give rise to dissipationless charge transport. The experimental verification of this exotic state of matter in 2007 lead to a boost of research activity in this field, inspired by possible ground-breaking future applications. However, the use of the quantum spin Hall materials available to date is limited to cryogenic temperatures owing to their comparably small bulk band gaps. In this thesis, we follow a novel approach to realize a quantum spin Hall material with a large energy gap and epitaxially grow bismuthene, i.e., Bi atoms adopting a honeycomb lattice, in a \((\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3})\) reconstruction on the semiconductor SiC(0001). In this way, we profit both from the honeycomb symmetry as well as the large spin-orbit coupling of Bi, which, in combination, give rise to a topologically non-trivial band gap on the order of one electronvolt. An in-depth theoretical analysis demonstrates that the covalent bond between the Si and Bi atoms is not only stabilizing the Bi film but is pivotal to attain the quantum spin Hall phase. The preparation of high-quality, unreconstructed SiC(0001) substrates sets the basis for the formation of bismuthene and requires an extensive procedure in ultra-pure dry H\(_2\) gas. Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements unveil the (\(1\times1\)) surface periodicity and smooth terrace planes, which are suitable for the growth of single Bi layers by means of molecular beam epitaxy. The chemical configuration of the resulting Bi film and its oxidation upon exposure to ambient atmosphere are inspected with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the excellent agreement of probed and calculated band structure. In particular, it evidences a characteristic Rashba-splitting of the valence bands at the K point. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy probes signatures of this splitting, as well, and allows to determine the full band gap with a magnitude of \(E_\text{gap}\approx0.8\,\text{eV}\). Constant-current images and local-density-of-state maps confirm the presence of a planar honeycomb lattice, which forms several domains due to different, yet equivalent, nucleation sites of the (\(\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3}\))-Bi reconstruction. Differential conductivity measurements demonstrate that bismuthene edge states evolve at atomic steps of the SiC substrate. The probed, metallic local density of states is in agreement with the density of states expected from the edge state's energy dispersion found in density functional theory calculations - besides a pronounced dip at the Fermi level. By means of temperature- and energy-dependent tunneling spectroscopy it is shown that the spectral properties of this suppressed density of states are successfully captured in the framework of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory and most likely originate from enhanced electronic correlations in the edge channel. N2 - Topologische Materie ist seit der Vorhersage des Quanten-Spin-Hall-Effekts in Graphen im Jahr 2005 eines der spannendsten Forschungsgebiete der gegenwärtigen Festkörperphysik. Quanten-Spin-Hall-Isolatoren besitzen zwar eine verschwindende Volumen-Leitfähigkeit, aber symmetriegeschützte, helikale Randzustände, welche verlustfreien Ladungstransport erlauben. Der 2007 erfolgte experimentelle Nachweis dieses außergewöhnlichen Materiezustands führte, inspiriert von möglicherweise bahnbrechenden zukünftigen Anwendungen, zu einem sprunghaften Anstieg der Forschungsaktivitäten auf diesem Gebiet. Jedoch ist der Nutzen der derzeit verfügbaren Quanten-Spin-Hall-Materialien aufgrund ihrer vergleichsweise kleinen Volumen-Bandlücken auf kryogene Temperaturen beschränkt. In dieser Arbeit verfolgen wir einen neuen Weg, ein Quanten-Spin-Hall-Material mit einer großen Energielücke zu realisieren und wachsen Bismuten, ein Honigwabengitter aus Bi-Atomen, epitaktisch in einer \((\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3})\)-Rekonstruktion auf den Halbleiter SiC(0001). Dadurch nutzen wir sowohl die Honigwaben-Symmetrie, als auch die große Spin-Bahn-Wechselwirkung von Bi aus, welche in Kombination zu einer topologisch nicht-trivialen Bandlücke in der Größenordnung eines Elektronenvolts führen. Eine eingehende theoretische Analyse zeigt, dass die kovalente Bindung zwischen den Si- und Bi-Atomen nicht nur den Bi-Film stabilisiert, sondern entscheidend zur Ausprägung der Quanten-Spin-Hall-Phase beiträgt. Die Präparation unrekonstruierter SiC(0001)-Substrate hoher Güte ist der Grundstein für das Bismutenwachstum und erfordert die Anwendung einer aufwändigen Prozedur in hochreinem, trockenem H\(_2\)-Gas. Messungen mit Rastertunnelmikroskopie enthüllen die (\(1\times1\))-Periodizität der Oberfläche und glatte Terrassenebenen, welche für das Aufwachsen einzelner Bi-Lagen mittels eines dedizierten Molekularstrahlepitaxieprozesses geeignet sind. Die chemische Konfiguration der Filme und ihre Oxidation nach Kontakt mit Umgebungsluft wird mit Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie untersucht. Winkelaufgelöste Photoelektronenspektroskopie legt die exzellente Übereinstimmung zwischen gemessener und berechneter Bandstruktur offen. Insbesondere zeigt sie die charakteristische Rashba-Spinaufspaltung der Valenzbänder am K-Punkt. Messungen mit Rastertunnelspektroskopie beinhalten ebenso Hinweise dieser Aufspaltung, und ermöglichen die Bestimmung der vollständigen Größe der Bandlücke von \(E_\text{gap}\approx0.8\,\text{eV}\). Konstantstrom-Aufnahmen und Karten der lokalen Zustandsdichte bestätigen die Ausbildung eines planaren Honigwabengitters, welches aufgrund unterschiedlicher, jedoch äquivalenter Nukleationszentren der (\(\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3}\))-Bi-Rekonstruktion in mehreren Domänen auftritt. Messungen der differenziellen Leitfähigkeit offenbaren, dass sich Bismuten-Randzustände an atomaren Stufen des SiC-Substrats ausbilden. Die gemessene, lokale Zustandsdichte und die gemäß der Energiedispersion des Randzustands in Dichtefunktionaltheorierechnungen erwartete Zustandsdichte stimmen - abgesehen von einem starken Abfall am Fermi-Niveau - überein. Mit temperatur- und energieabhängiger Tunnelspektroskopie wird gezeigt, dass die spektralen Eigenschaften dieser unterdrückten Leitfähigkeit erfolgreich im Rahmen der Tomonaga-Luttinger-Flüssigkeitstheorie beschrieben und wahrscheinlich durch verstärkte elektronische Korrelationen im Randkanal ausgelöst werden. KW - Zweidimensionales Material KW - Topologischer Isolator KW - Siliziumcarbid KW - Rastertunnelmikroskopie KW - Photoelektronenspektroskopie KW - Bismuthene KW - Silicon Carbide KW - scanning tunneling spectroscopy KW - photoelectron spectroscopy KW - molecular beam epitaxy KW - quantum spin hall insulator KW - two-dimensional topological insulator KW - helical edge states KW - Luttinger liquid KW - honeycomb lattice Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258250 ER - TY - THES A1 - Proppert, Sven Martin T1 - Design, implementation and characterization of a microscope capable of three-dimensional two color super-resolution fluorescence imaging T1 - Design, Implementierung und Charakterisierung eines Mikroskops für dreidimensionale zwei Farben superhochauflösende Fluoreszenz-Bildgebung N2 - This thesis reviews the fundamentals of three-dimensional super-resolution localization imaging. In order to infer the axial coordinate of the emission of single fluorophores, the point spread function is engineered following a technique usually referred to as astigmatic imaging by the introduction of a cylindrical lens to the detection path of a microscope. After giving a short introduction to optics and localization microscopy, I outline sources of aberrations as frequently encountered in 3D-localization microscopy and will discuss their respective impact on the precision and accuracy of the localization process. With the knowledge from these considerations, experiments were designed and conducted to verify the validity of the conclusions and to demonstrate the abilities of the proposed microscope to resolve biological structures in the three spatial dimensions. Additionally, it is demonstrated that measurements of huge volumes with virtually no aberrations is in principle feasible. During the course of this thesis, a new method was introduced for inferring axial coordinates. This interpolation method based on cubic B-splines shows superior performance in the calibration of a microscope and the evaluation of subsequent measurement and will therefore be used and explained in this work. Finally, this work is also meant to give future students some guidance for entering the field of 3D localization microscopy and therefore, detailed protocols are provided covering the specific aspects of two color 3D localization imaging. N2 - In dieser Arbeit werden die Grundlagen der dreidimensionalen hochauflösenden Lokalisationsmikroskopie erarbeitet und daraus Spezifikationen für ein geeignetes Mikroskop abgeleitet. Zur Gewinnung der axialen Koordinate der Emission einzelner Farbstoffe wird die Punktspreizfunktion in der Detektion astigmatisch mithilfe einer zylindrischen Linse verändert. Nach einer kurzen Einleitung in die Grundzüge der Optik und der Lokalisationsmikroskopie werden die Ursachen für typische Aberrationen besprochen, wie sie in der 3D-Lokalisationsmikroskopie häufig auftreten. Weiterhin wird der Einfluss dieser Aberrationen auf die erreichbare Präzision und Exaktheit des Lokalisationsprozesses behandelt. Mit dem Wissen aus diesen Überlegungen wurden Experimente entworfen und durchgeführt um die getroffenen Schlussfolgerungen zu validieren und zu demonstrieren, dass das vorgeschlagene Mikroskop dazu in der Lage ist, biologische Strukturen in den drei räumlichen Dimensionen aufzulösen. Weiterhin wird gezeigt, dass beinahe aberrationsfreie Mikroskopie großer Volumina prinzipiell möglich ist. Während der Arbeit an dieser Promotion wurde eine neue Methode zur Gewinnung der axialen Koordinaten eingeführt. Diese auf kubischen B-splines basierende Interpolationsmethode stellte sich als anderen Routinen überlegen in der Kalibration eines Mikroskops und der anschließenden Auswertung von Messungen heraus. Deshalb wird dieses Verfahren in der vorliegenden Arbeit verwendet und erklärt. Da diese Doktorarbeit auch den Anspruch hat, zukünftigen Studenten den Einstieg in die hochauflösende 3D Mikroskopie zu erleichtern, werden abschließend detaillierte Protokolle für spezifische Aspekte der zwei Farben 3D Lokalisationsmikroskopie zur Verfügung gestellt. KW - Dimension 3 KW - aberration KW - Einzelmolekülmikroskopie KW - single molecule microscopy KW - 3D KW - super-resolution KW - Mikroskopie KW - Hochauflösendes Verfahren KW - Aberration Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-107905 ER - TY - THES A1 - Tam, Jason T1 - Search for Second Generation Scalar Leptoquarks using the ATLAS Detector T1 - Suche nach skalaren Leptoquarks der zweiten Generation unter Verwendung des ATLAS Detektors N2 - Leptoquarks are hypothetical particles that attempt to explain the coincidental similarities between leptons and quarks included in SM. Their exact properties vary between different theoretical models, and there are no strong theoretical constraints on their possible mass values. They can possibly be produced from particle collisions, and there have already been searching efforts at previous collider experiments. Their presence have yet been observed, and this fact has been translated into lower bound exclusions on their possible mass values. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) being the most recently constructed particle collider with the highest collision energies ever achieved experimentally, provides a new platform to continue the search for Leptoquarks at even higher mass ranges. This thesis describes a search for pair-produced second-generation Leptoquarks using 20.3 fb−1 of data recorded by the ATLAS detector of LHC at √s = 8 TeV. Events with two oppositely charged muons and two or more jets in the final state were used. Candidate leptoquark events were selected with the help of four observables: the di-muon invariant mass (Mμμ ), the sum of the pT of the two muons (LT ), the sum of the pT of the two leading jets (HT ) and the average Leptoquark mass (MLQ ). Monte Carlo simulations of SM background processes have shown to be in good agreement with data, both in the region constructed using selection requirements for candiate leptoquark events and in the designated control regions. Since no significant excess of events was observed in data, a exclusion limit was set as a function of the Leptoquark mass. N2 - Leptoquarks sind hypothetische Teilchen, mit deren Hilfe versucht wird die zufälligen Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den im Standardmodell enthaltenen Leptonen und Quarks zu erkl� ären. Ihre exakten Eigenschaften variieren zwischen verschiedenen theoretischen Modellen und es gibt keine starken theoretischen Beschr� änkungen auf ihre möglichen Massen. Sie können wohl bei Teilchenkollisionen erzeugt werden und es gab bereits an früheren Beschleuniger-Experimenten Bem� ühungen bei der Suche nach ihnen. Ihre Existenz konnte bisher nicht beobachtet werden, was in untere Ausschlussgrenzen f� ür m� ögliche Massen übertragen wurde. Der zuletzt gebaute Teilchenbeschleuniger, der Large Hadron Collider (LHC) erreicht die bisher höchsten Kollisionsenergien und bietet damit eine neue Grundlage, um die Suche nach Leptoquarks bei noch höheren Massenregionen fortzusetzen. (...) KW - Leptoquark KW - ATLAS KW - Leptoquark KW - Exotics KW - Particle Physics Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-103451 ER - TY - THES A1 - Riegler, David T1 - Emergent phenomena in strongly correlated electron systems: Auxiliary particle approach to the many-body problem T1 - Emergente Phänomene in stark korrelierten Elektronensystemen: Hilfsteilchenansatz für das Vielteilchenproblem N2 - Emergent phenomena in condensed matter physics like, e.g., magnetism, superconductivity, or non-trivial topology often come along with a surprise and exert great fascination to researchers up to this day. Within this thesis, we are concerned with the analysis of associated types of order that arise due to strong electronic interactions and focus on the high-\(T_c\) cuprates and Kondo systems as two prime candidates. The underlying many-body problem cannot be solved analytically and has given rise to the development of various approximation techniques to tackle the problem. In concrete terms, we apply the auxiliary particle approach to investigate tight-binding Hamiltonians subject to a Hubbard interaction term to account for the screened Coulomb repulsion. Thereby, we adopt the so-called Kotliar-Ruckenstein slave-boson representation that reduces the problem to non-interacting quasiparticles within a mean-field approximation. Part I provides a pedagogical review of the theory and generalizes the established formalism to encompass Gaussian fluctuations around magnetic ground states as a crucial step to obtaining novel results. Part II addresses the two-dimensional one-band Hubbard model, which is known to approximately describe the physics of the high-\(T_c\) cuprates that feature high-temperature superconductivity and various other exotic quantum phases that are not yet fully understood. First, we provide a comprehensive slave-boson analysis of the model, including the discussion of incommensurate magnetic phases, collective modes, and a comparison to other theoretical methods that shows that our results can be massively improved through the newly implemented fluctuation corrections. Afterward, we focus on the underdoped regime and find an intertwining of spin and charge order signaled by divergences of the static charge susceptibility within the antiferromagnetic domain. There is experimental evidence for such inhomogeneous phases in various cuprate materials, which has recently aroused interest because such correlations are believed to impact the formation of Cooper pairs. Our analysis identifies two distinct charge-ordering vectors, one of which can be attributed to a Fermi-surface nesting effect and quantitatively fits experimental data in \(\mathrm{Nd}_{2-\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{Ce}_\mathrm{x}\mathrm{CuO}_4\) (NCCO), an electron-doped cuprate compound. The other resembles the so-called Yamada relation implying the formation of periodic, double-occupied domain walls with a crossover to phase separation for small dopings. Part III investigates Kondo systems by analyzing the periodic Anderson model and its generalizations. First, we consider Kondo metals and detect weakly magnetized ferromagnetic order in qualitative agreement with experimental observations, which hinders the formation of heavy fermions. Nevertheless, we suggest two different parameter regimes that could host a possible Kondo regime in the context of one or two conduction bands. The part is concluded with the study of topological order in Kondo insulators based on a three-dimensional model with centrosymmetric spin-orbit coupling. Thereby, we classify topologically distinct phases through appropriate \(\mathbb{Z}_2\) invariants and consider paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic mean-field ground states. Our model parameters are chosen to specifically describe samarium hexaboride (\(\mbox{SmB}_6\)), which is widely believed to be a topological Kondo insulator, and we identify topologically protected surface states in agreement with experimental evidence in that material. Moreover, our theory predicts the emergence of an antiferromagnetic topological insulator featuring one-dimensional hinge-states as the signature of higher-order topology in the strong coupling regime. While the nature of the true ground state is still under debate, corresponding long-range magnetic order has been observed in pressurized or alloyed \(\mbox{SmB}_6\), and recent experimental findings point towards non-trivial topology under these circumstances. The ability to understand and control topological systems brings forth promising applications in the context of spintronics and quantum computing. N2 - Emergente Phänomene in der Physik der kondensierten Materie, wie z. B. Magnetismus, Supraleitung oder nicht-triviale Topologie gehen oft mit Überraschungen einher und faszinieren Wissenschaftler bis heute. Innerhalb dieser Arbeit befassen wir uns mit der Analyse damit assoziierter Art von Ordnung, die durch starke elektronische Wechselwirkungen entsteht und konzentrieren uns auf die Kuprat-Hochtemperatursupraleiter und Kondo-Systeme als zwei prominente Kandidaten. Das zugrunde liegende Vielteilchenproblem kann nicht analytisch gelöst werden und hat zur Entwicklung vielfältiger Näherungsverfahren geführt, um das Problem anzugehen. Konkret wenden wir den Hilfsteilchenansatz an, um tight-binding Hamiltonoperatoren zu untersuchen, die einen Hubbard-Wechselwirkungsterm aufweisen, um die abgeschirmte Coulomb-Abstoßung zu berücksichtigen. Dabei benutzen wir die sogenannte Kotliar-Ruckenstein-Slave-Boson-Darstellung, die das Problem im Rahmen einer Molekularfeldnäherung auf nicht-wechselwirkende Quasiteilchen zurückführt. Teil I beinhaltet eine pädagogisch aufgearbeitete Zusammenfassung der Theorie und verallgemeinert durch die Berücksichtigung Gaußscher Fluktuationen um magnetische Grundzustände den etablierten Formalismus, was sich als entscheidender Schritt herausstellt, um neuartige Ergebnisse erzielen zu können. Teil II befasst sich mit dem zweidimensionalen Einband-Hubbard-Modell, von dem bekannt ist, dass es näherungsweise die Physik der Kuprat-Hochtemperatursupraleiter beschreibt, welche Hochtemperatursupraleitung und verschiedene andere exotische Quantenphasen aufweisen, die noch nicht vollständig verstanden sind. Zunächst machen wir eine ausführliche Slave-Boson-Analyse des Modells, einschließlich der Diskussion inkommensurabler magnetischer Phasen, kollektiver Moden und eines Vergleichs mit anderen theoretischen Methoden, der zeigt, dass unsere Ergebnisse durch die neu implementierten Fluktuationskorrekturen massiv verbessert werden können. Danach konzentrieren wir uns auf den unterdotierten Bereich und finden eine Verflechtung von Spin- und Ladungsordnung, die durch Divergenzen der statischen Ladungssuszeptibilität innerhalb der antiferromagnetischen Domäne signalisiert wird. Es gibt experimentelle Hinweise auf derartige inhomogene Phasen in verschiedenen Kuprat-Materialien, was in letzter Zeit vermehrt Interesse geweckt hat, da angenommen wird, dass entsprechende Korrelationen die Bildung von Cooper-Paaren beeinflussen. Unsere Analyse identifiziert zwei unterschiedliche Ladungsordnungsvektoren, von denen einer einem Fermi-Flächeneffekt zugeschrieben werden kann und quantitativ zu experimentellen Daten von \(\mathrm{Nd}_{2-\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{Ce}_\mathrm{x}\mathrm{CuO}_4\) (NCCO), einer elektronendotierten Kupratverbindung, passt. Der andere erinnert an die sogenannte Yamada-Beziehung und impliziert die Bildung von periodischen, doppelt besetzten Domänenwänden und einem Übergang zu Phasenseperation für kleine Dotierungen. Teil III untersucht Kondo-Systeme durch Analyse des periodischen Anderson-Modells und seiner Verallgemeinerungen. Zunächst betrachten wir Kondo-Metalle und finden schwach magnetisierte ferromagnetische Ordnung in qualitativer Übereinstimmung mit experimentellen Beobachtungen, welche die Bildung von schweren Fermionen hemmt. Dennoch identifizieren wir zwei verschiedene Parameterbereiche, die ein mögliches Kondo-Regime im Kontext von einem oder zwei Leitungsbändern beherbergen könnten. Der Teil wird mit der Untersuchung topologischer Ordnung in Kondo-Isolatoren basierend auf einem dreidimensionalen Modell mit zentrosymmetrischer Spin-Bahn-Kopplung abgeschlossen. Dabei klassifizieren wir topologisch unterscheidbare Phasen durch geeignete \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-Invarianten und betrachten paramagnetische und antiferromagnetische Molekularfeld-Grundzustände. Unsere Modellparameter wurden gewählt, um insbesondere Samariumhexaborid (\(\mbox{SmB}_6\)) zu beschreiben, von dem allgemein angenommen wird, dass es sich um einen topologischen Kondo-Isolator handelt, und wir identifizieren topologisch geschützte Oberflächenzustände in Übereinstimmung mit experimentellen Befunden in diesem Material. Darüber hinaus sagt unsere Theorie die Emergenz eines antiferromagnetischen topologischen Isolators mit eindimensionalen Randzuständen als Merkmal von Topologie höherer Ordnung im Parameterbereich starker Korrelationen voraus. Während das Wesen des korrekten Grundzustands noch umstritten ist, wurde eine entsprechende langreichweitige magnetische Ordnung in unter Druck stehendem oder legiertem \(\mbox{SmB}_6\) beobachtet und kürzliche experimentelle Befunde weisen unter diesen Umständen auf nicht-triviale Topologie hin. Die Fähigkeit, topologische Systeme zu verstehen und zu kontrollieren, bringt vielversprechende Anwendungen im Kontext von Spintronik und Quantencomputing hervor. KW - Elektronenkorrelation KW - Mean-Field-Theorie KW - Hochtemperatursupraleiter KW - Kondo-System KW - Topologischer Isolator KW - Slave-boson method KW - Hubbard model KW - Cuprate superconductor KW - Heavy fermion KW - Topological Kondo insulators Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-274737 ER - TY - THES A1 - Beyl, Stefan T1 - Hybrid Quantum Monte Carlo for Condensed Matter Models T1 - Hybrid-Quanten-Monte-Carlo für Modelle der kondensierten Materie N2 - In this thesis we consider the hybrid quantum Monte Carlo method for simulations of the Hubbard and Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. In the first instance, we discuss the hybrid quantum Monte Carlo method for the Hubbard model on a square lattice. We point out potential ergodicity issues and provide a way to circumvent them by a complexification of the method. Furthermore, we compare the efficiency of the hybrid quantum Monte Carlo method with a well established determinantal quantum Monte Carlo method for simulations of the half-filled Hubbard model on square lattices. One reason why the hybrid quantum Monte Carlo method loses the comparison is that we do not observe the desired sub-quadratic scaling of the numerical effort. Afterwards we present a formulation of the hybrid quantum Monte Carlo method for the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model in two dimensions. Electron-phonon models like this are in general very hard to simulate using other Monte Carlo methods in more than one dimensions. It turns out that the hybrid quantum Monte Carlo method is much better suited for this model . We achieve favorable scaling properties and provide a proof of concept. Subsequently, we use the hybrid quantum Monte Carlo method to investigate the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model in detail at half-filling in two dimensions. We present numerical data for staggered valence bond order at small phonon frequencies and an antiferromagnetic order at high frequencies. Due to an O(4) symmetry the antiferromagnetic order is connected to a superconducting charge density wave. Considering the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model without tight-binding hopping reveals an additional unconstrained Z_2 gauge theory. In this case, we find indications for π-fluxes and a possible Z_2 Dirac deconfined phase as well as for a columnar valence bond ordered state at low phonon energies. In our investigations of the several phase transitions we discuss the different possibilities for the underlying mechanisms and reveal first insights into a rich phase diagram. N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit betrachten wir die Hybrid-Quanten-Monte-Carlo-Methode für Simulationen des Hubbard- sowie des Su-Schrieffer-Heeger-Modells. Zunächst diskutieren wir die Hybrid-Quanten-Monte-Carlo-Methode am Beispiel des Hubbard-Modells auf dem Quadratgitter. Wir zeigen mögliche Ergodizitätsprobleme auf und präsentieren eine Möglichkeit, diese durch Verwendung komplexwertiger Hilfsfelder zu vermeiden. Für Simulationen des halbgefüllten Hubbard-Modells auf Quadratgittern vergleichen wir die Effizienz der Hybrid-Quanten-Monte-Carlo-Methode mit der einer weit verbreiteten und gebräuchlichen Determinanten-Quanten-Monte-Carlo-Methode. Ein Grund für die Niederlage der Hybrid-Quanten-Monte-Carlo-Methode in diesem Vergleich ist die Skalierung des benötigten Rechenaufwandes. Die erhoffte sub-quadratische Skalierung in Abhängigkeit von Systemgröße und inverser Temperatur wird nicht beobachtet. Anschließend präsentieren wir eine Formulierung der Hybrid-Quanten-Monte-Carlo-Methode zur Untersuchung des halbgefüllten Su-Schrieffer-Heeger-Modells in zwei Dimensionen. Elektron-Phonon-Modelle wie dieses sind in mehr als einer Dimension für gewöhnlich mit anderen Quanten-Monte-Carlo-Methoden nur schwer simulierbar. Es stellt sich heraus, dass sich die Hybrid-Quanten-Monte-Carlo-Methode deutlich besser zur Simulation dieses Modells eignet. Wir erreichen eine vorteilhafte Skalierung des Rechenaufwandes und präsentieren einen Machbarkeitsnachweis. Folglich verwenden wir die Hybrid-Quanten-Monte-Carlo-Methode für nähere Untersuchungen des Su-Schrieffer-Heeger-Modells. Wir zeigen numerische Resultate für eine gestaffelte Ordnung aus Valenzbindungen bei kleinen Phononfrequenzen und für eine antiferromagnetischen Ordnung bei hohen Frequenzen. Aufgrund einer O(4)-Symmetrie ist die antiferromagnetische Ordnung mit einer supraleitenden Ladungsdichtewelle verknüpft. Ohne Tight-Binding-Hüpfparameter offenbart das Su-Schrieffer-Heeger-Modell eine zusätzliche spezielle Z_2 -Eichsymmetrie, die nicht den Satz von Gauß erfüllt. In diesem Fall finden wir Hinweise für einen π-Flux-Zustand. Bei niedrigen Phononenergien gibt es außerdem Anzeichen für einen möglichen Z_2 Dirac deconfined Zustand sowie eine spaltenweise Ordnung von Valenzbindungen. Bei Untersuchungen der Phasenübergänge beleuchten wir die möglichen Mechanismen, die den Übergängen zugrunde liegen. Zum Abschluss diskutieren wir das vielfältige Phasendiagramm, in welches wir erste Einblicke ermöglichen. KW - Monte-Carlo-Simulation KW - Elektron-Phonon-Wechselwirkung KW - Hubbard-Modell KW - Kondensierte Materie KW - Hybrid Quantum Monte Carlo KW - Su-Schrieffer-Heeger-Modell KW - SSH model Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-191225 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurements of top-quark pair differential cross-sections in the lepton+jets channel in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV using the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - Measurements of differential cross-sections of top-quark pair production in fiducial phase-spaces are presented as a function of top-quark and \(t\overline{t}\) system kinematic observables in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb\(^{−1}\), recorded in 2015 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Events with exactly one electron or muon and at least two jets in the final state are used for the measurement. Two separate selections are applied that each focus on different top-quark momentum regions, referred to as resolved and boosted topologies of the \(t\overline{t}\) final state. The measured spectra are corrected for detector effects and are compared to several Monte Carlo simulations by means of calculated \(χ^2\) and \(p\)-values. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172386 VL - 2017 IS - 191 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for production of WW/WZ resonances decaying to a lepton, neutrino and jets in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\)= 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - A search is presented for narrow diboson resonances decaying to WW or WZ in the final state where one W boson decays leptonically (to an electron or a muon plus a neutrino) and the other W/Z boson decays hadronically. The analysis is performed using an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\) of pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the large hadron collider. No evidence for resonant diboson production is observed, and resonance masses below 700 and 1490 GeV are excluded at 95 % confidence level for the spin-2 Randall–Sundrum bulk graviton G\(^{*}\) with coupling constant of 1.0 and the extended gauge model W′ boson respectively. KW - ATLAS detector KW - W boson KW - Z boson KW - proton-proton collision Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150164 VL - 75 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the top-quark mass in the fully hadronic decay channel from ATLAS data at \(\sqrt {s}\)=7TeV JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - The mass of the top quark is measured in a data set corresponding to 4.6  fb\(^{-1}\) of proton–proton collisions with centre-of-mass energy \(\sqrt {s}\)=7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events consistent with hadronic decays of top–antitop quark pairs with at least six jets in the final state are selected. The substantial background from multijet production is modelled with data-driven methods that utilise the number of identified b-quark jets and the transverse momentum of the sixth leading jet, which have minimal correlation. The top-quark mass is obtained from template fits to the ratio of three-jet to dijet mass. The three-jet mass is calculated from the three jets produced in a top-quark decay. Using these three jets the dijet mass is obtained from the two jets produced in the W boson decay. The top-quark mass obtained from this fit is thus less sensitive to the uncertainty in the energy measurement of the jets. A binned likelihood fit yields a top-quark mass of m\(_{t}\)= 175.1 ± 1.4 (stat.) ± 1.2 (syst.) GeV. KW - ATLAS KW - proton–proton collisions KW - top-quark mass KW - fully hadronic KW - LHC Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149905 VL - 75 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lee, Eun-Hye A1 - Song, Jin-Dong A1 - Han, Il-Ki A1 - Chang, Soo-Kyung A1 - Langer, Fabian A1 - Höfling, Sven A1 - Forchel, Alfred A1 - Kamp, Martin A1 - Kim, Jong-Su T1 - Structural and optical properties of position-retrievable low-density GaAs droplet epitaxial quantum dots for application to single photon sources with plasmonic optical coupling JF - Nanoscale Research Letters N2 - The position of a single GaAs quantum dot (QD), which is optically active, grown by low-density droplet epitaxy (DE) (approximately 4 QDs/μm\(^{2}\)), was directly observed on the surface of a 45-nm-thick Al\(_{0.3}\)Ga\(_{0.7}\)As capping layer. The thin thickness of AlGaAs capping layer is useful for single photon sources with plasmonic optical coupling. A micro-photoluminescence for GaAs DE QDs has shown exciton/biexciton behavior in the range of 1.654 to 1.657 eV. The direct observation of positions of low-density GaAs DE QDs would be advantageous for mass fabrication of devices that use a single QD, such as single photon sources. KW - quantum dot KW - droplet epitaxy KW - micro-photoluminescence KW - single photon KW - GaAs Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143692 VL - 10 IS - 114 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bauernfeind, Maximilian Josef Xaver T1 - Epitaxy and Spectroscopy of Two-Dimensional Adatom Systems: the Elemental Topological Insulator Indenene on SiC T1 - Epitaxie und Spektroskopie zweidimensionaler Adatom Systeme: der elementare Topologische Isolator Indenene auf SiC N2 - Two-dimensional (2D) topological insulators are a new class of materials with properties that are promising for potential future applications in quantum computers. For example, stanene represents a possible candidate for a topological insulator made of Sn atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. However, it has a relatively fragile low-energy spectrum and sensitive topology. Therefore, to experimentally realize stanene in the topologically non-trivial phase, a suitable substrate that accommodates stanene without compromising these topological properties must be found. A heterostructure consisting of a SiC substrate with a buffer layer of adsorbed group-III elements constitutes a possible solution for this problem. In this work, 2D adatom systems of Al and In were grown epitaxially on SiC(0001) and then investigated structurally and spectroscopically by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and photoelectron spectroscopy. Al films in the high coverage regime \( (\Theta_{ML}\approx2\) ML\( ) \) exhibit unusually large, triangular- and rectangular-shaped surface unit cells. Here, the low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) pattern is brought into accordance with the surface topography derived from STM. Another Al reconstruction, the quasi-one-dimensional (1D) Al phase, exhibits a striped surface corrugation, which could be the result of the strain imprinted by the overlayer-substrate lattice mismatch. It is suggested that Al atoms in different surface areas can occupy hexagonal close-packed and face-centered cubic lattice sites, respectively, which in turn lead to close-packed transition regions forming the stripe-like corrugations. On the basis of the well-known herringbone reconstruction from Au(111), a first structural model is proposed, which fits well to the structural data from STM. Ultimately, however, thermal treatments of the sample could not generate lower coverage phases, i.e. in particular, a buffer layer structure. Strong metallic signatures are found for In high coverage films \( (\Theta_{ML}\approx3\) to \(2\) ML\() \) by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES), which form a \( (7\times7) \), \( (6\times4\sqrt{3}) \), and \( (4\sqrt{3}\times4\sqrt{3}) \) surface reconstruction. In all these In phases electrons follow the nearly-free electron model. Similar to the Al films, thermal treatments could not obtain the buffer layer system. Surprisingly, in the course of this investigation a triangular In lattice featuring a \( (1\times1) \) periodicity is observed to host massive Dirac-like bands at \( K/K^{\prime} \) in ARPES. Based on this strong electronic similarity with graphene at the Brillouin zone boundary, this new structure is referred to as \textit{indenene}. An extensive theoretical analysis uncovers the emergence of an electronic honeycomb network based on triangularly arranged In \textit{p} orbitals. Due to strong atomic spin-orbit coupling and a comparably small substrate-induced in-plane inversion symmetry breaking this material system is rendered topologically non-trivial. In indenene, the topology is intimately linked to a bulk observable, i.e., the energy-dependent charge accumulation sequence within the surface unit cell, which is experimentally exploited in STS to confirm the non-trivial topological character. The band gap at \( K/K^{\prime} \), a signature of massive Dirac fermions, is estimated by ARPES to approximately 125 meV. Further investigations by X-ray standing wave, STM, and LEED confirm the structural properties of indenene. Thus, this thesis presents the growth and characterization of the novel quantum spin Hall insulator material indenene. N2 - Zweidimensionale (2D) topologische Isolatoren sind eine neue Materialklasse mit vielversprechenden Eigenschaften für potenzielle zukünftige Anwendungen in Quantencomputern. Stanene stellt hier beispielsweise einen möglichen Kandidaten für einen topologischen Isolator dar. Diese 2D-Schicht besteht aus Sn-Atomen, angeordnet in einem hexagonalen Gitter. Allerdings weist dieses Gitter ein relativ fragiles Niederenergiespektrum und eine empfindliche Topologie auf. Um Stanene daher in der topologisch nicht-trivialen Phase experimentell realisieren zu können, muss ein geeignetes Substrat gefunden werden, das Stanene aufnehmen kann, ohne die topologischen Eigenschaften zu beeinträchtigen. Eine Heterostruktur aus einem SiC-Substrat mit einer Pufferschicht aus adsorbierten Gruppe-III Elementen stellt hier eine mögliche Lösung für dieses Problem dar. Im Hinblick darauf wurden für diese Arbeit 2D-Adatomsysteme aus Al und In epitaktisch auf SiC(0001) gewachsen und mittels Rastertunnelmikroskopie (engl.: scanning tunneling microscopy, STM) und Photoelektronenspektroskopie strukturell und spektroskopisch untersucht. Al-Schichten mit hoher Bedeckung \( (\Theta_{ML}\approx2\) ML\( ) \) weisen ungewöhnlich große, dreieckig und rechteckig geformte Oberflächeneinheitszellen auf. Hierbei wird das Beugungsmuster der niederenergetischen Elektronenbeugung (engl.: low-energy electron diffraction, LEED) mit der aus STM abgeleiteten Oberflächentopographie in Einklang gebracht. Eine andere Al-Rekonstruktion, die quasi-eindimensionale (1D) Al-Phase, zeigt eine gestreifte Oberflächenkorrugation, die ein Ergebnis der Verspannung durch die Fehlanpassung des Al-Gitters auf dem Substratgitter sein könnte. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass Al-Atome in verschiedenen Oberflächenbereichen sowohl jeweils hexagonal-dichtgepackte als auch kubisch flächenzentrierte Gitterplätze einnehmen können. In Übergangsregionen zwischen beiden Bereichen erzeugt dies dicht gepackte Al-Atome, die wiederum die streifenartigen Korrugationen hervorrufen. Auf der Basis der bekannten Fischgrätenrekonstruktion von Au(111) wird ein erstes Strukturmodell vorgeschlagen, das gut mit strukturellen STM-Daten übereinstimmt. Letztendlich konnten jedoch durch thermische Behandlungen der Probe keine Phasen mit geringerer Bedeckung, das heißt insbesondere die Pufferschichtstruktur, erzeugt werden. In-Hochbedeckungsphasen \( (\Theta_{ML}\approx3\) to \(2\) ML\() \) weisen ein ausgeprägtes metallisches Verhalten auf in der Rastertunnelspektroskopie (engl.: scanning tunneling spectroscopy, STS) und winkelaufgelösten Photoelektronenspektroskopie (engl.: angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, ARPES). Zudem bilden diese Phasen eine \( (7\times7) \), \( (6\times4\sqrt{3}) \), and \( (4\sqrt{3}\times4\sqrt{3}) \)-Oberflächenrekonstruktion aus. In all diesen Phasen folgen die Elektronen dem Modell der quasifreien Elektronen. Ähnlich zu den Al-Filmen konnte auch hier nach thermischen Behandlungen der Probe keine Pufferschichtstruktur erzeugt werden. Überraschenderweise tritt im Laufe dieser Untersuchung ein Dreiecksgitter aus In-Atomen mit einer \( (1\times1) \)-Periodizität auf, das bei \( K/K^{\prime} \) massive Dirac-artige Bänder in ARPES zeigt. Aufgrund der starken Ähnlichkeit mit der Graphene-Bandstruktur am Brillouinzonenrand, wird dieses neuartige Materialsystem \textit{Indenene} benannt. Eine umfangreiche theoretische Untersuchung legt die Entstehung eines elektronischen Honigwabennetzwerks offen, dass sich aufgrund von dreieckig angeordneten In \textit{p}-Orbitalen bildet. Durch starke atomare Spin-Bahn-Wechselwirkung und einen vergleichsweisen schwachen substratinduzierten Inversionssymmetriebruch in der Ebene, ist dieses Materialsystem topologisch nicht-trivial. In Indenene ist die Topologie eng mit einer Volumenobservablen, genauer die energieabhängige Ladungsakkumulationsequenz innerhalb der Oberflächeneinheitszelle, verknüpft. Diese Sequenz wird mittels STS experimentell ausgenutzt, um den topologisch nicht-trivialen Charakter zu bestätigen. Die Bandlücke bei \( K/K^{\prime} \), charakteristisch für massive Dirac-Fermionen, wird mittels ARPES auf ungefähr 125 meV abgeschätzt. Weitere Untersuchungen basierend auf stehenden Röntgenwellen, STM, und LEED bestätigen die strukturellen Eigenschaften von Indenene. Dementsprechend wird in dieser Arbeit dasWachstum und auch die Charakterisierung des neuartigen Quanten Spin Hall Isolators Indenene vorgestellt. KW - Dreiecksgitter KW - Monoschicht KW - Indium KW - Topologischer Isolator KW - Siliciumcarbid KW - Monolage KW - Siliziumkarbid KW - STM KW - Triangular lattice KW - Monolayer KW - Silicon carbide KW - ARPES KW - Rastertunnelmikroskop Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-311662 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurements of the W production cross sections in association with jets with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - This paper presents cross sections for the production of a W boson in association with jets, measured in proton–proton collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the large hadron collider. With an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb\(^{−1}\), this data set allows for an exploration of a large kinematic range, including jet production up to a transverse momentum of 1 TeV and multiplicities up to seven associated jets. The production cross sections for W bosons are measured in both the electron and muon decay channels. Differential cross sections for many observables are also presented including measurements of the jet observables such as the rapidities and the transverse momenta as well as measurements of event observables such as the scalar sums of the transverse momenta of the jets. The measurements are compared to numerous QCD predictions including next-to-leading-order perturbative calculations, resummation calculations and Monte Carlo generators. KW - ATLAS detector KW - W boson KW - proton-prton-collision Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149925 VL - 75 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Constraints on the off-shell Higgs boson signal strength in the high-mass ZZ and WW final states with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - Measurements of the ZZ and WW final states in the mass range above the 2m\(_Z\) and 2m\(_W\) thresholds provide a unique opportunity to measure the off-shell coupling strength of the Higgs boson. This paper presents constraints on the off-shell Higgs boson event yields normalised to the Standard Model prediction (signal strength) in the ZZ→4ℓ, ZZ→2ℓ2ν and WW→eνμν final states. The result is based on pp collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb\(^{-1}\) at a collision energy of \(\sqrt {s}\)=8 TeV. Using the CL\(_S\) method, the observed 95 % confidence level (CL) upper limit on the off-shell signal strength is in the range 5.1–8.6, with an expected range of 6.7–11.0. In each case the range is determined by varying the unknown gg→ZZ and gg→WW background K-factor from higher-order quantum chromodynamics corrections between half and twice the value of the known signal K-factor. Assuming the relevant Higgs boson couplings are independent of the energy scale of the Higgs boson production, a combination with the on-shell measurements yields an observed (expected) 95 % CL upper limit on Γ\(_H\)/Γ\(^{SM}_{H}\) in the range 4.5–7.5 (6.5–11.2) using the same variations of the background K-factor. Assuming that the unknown gg→VV background K-factor is equal to the signal K-factor, this translates into an observed (expected) 95 % CL upper limit on the Higgs boson total width of 22.7 (33.0) MeV. KW - Higgs boson KW - coupling strength Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149615 VL - 75 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of transverse energy–energy correlations in multi-jet events in pp collisions at \(\sqrt {s}\)=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector and determination of the strong coupling constant αs(m\(_{Z}\)) JF - Physics Letters B N2 - High transverse momentum jets produced in pp collisions at a centre of mass energy of 7 TeV are used to measure the transverse energy–energy correlation function and its associated azimuthal asymmetry. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in the year 2011 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 158 pb\(^{-1}\). The selection criteria demand the average transverse momentum of the two leading jets in an event to be larger than 250 GeV. The data at detector level are well described by Monte Carlo event generators. They are unfolded to the particle level and compared with theoretical calculations at next-to-leading-order accuracy. The agreement between data and theory is good and provides a precision test of perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics at large momentum transfers. From this comparison, the strong coupling constant given at the Z   boson mass is determined to be αs(m\(_{Z}\))=0.1173±0.0010 (exp.) \(^{+0.0065}_{−0.0026}\) (theo.). KW - physics KW - high transverse momentum jets KW - transverse energy–energy correlation function Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143398 VL - 750 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of three-jet production cross-sections in pp collisions at 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy using the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - Double-differential three-jet production cross-sections are measured in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt {s}\) = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the large hadron collider. The measurements are presented as a function of the three-jet mass (m\(_{jjj}\)), in bins of the sum of the absolute rapidity separations between the three leading jets (|Y\(^{*}\)|). Invariant masses extending up to 5 TeV are reached for 8 < |Y\(^{*}\)| < 10. These measurements use a sample of data recorded using the ATLAS detector in 2011, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.51 fb\(^{-1}\). Jets are identified using the anti-k\(_{t}\) algorithm with two different jet radius parameters, R = 0.4 and R = 0.6. The dominant uncertainty in these measurements comes from the jet energy scale. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations corrected to account for non-perturbative effects are compared to the measurements. Good agreement is found between the data and the theoretical predictions based on most of the available sets of parton distribution functions, over the full kinematic range, covering almost seven orders of magnitude in the measured cross-section values. KW - proton-proton-collisions KW - ATLAS detector Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149918 VL - 75 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the top quark mass in the t\(\overline{t}\)→ lepton+jets and t\(\overline{t}\)→ dilepton channels using \(\sqrt {s}\)=7 TeV ATLAS data JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - The top quark mass was measured in the channels t\(\overline{t}\) → lepton+jets and t\(\overline{t}\) → dilepton (lepton = e,μ) based on ATLAS data recorded in 2011. The data were taken at the LHC with a proton–proton centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt {s}\) = 7 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb\(^{-1}\). The t\(\overline{t}\) → lepton+jets analysis uses a three-dimensional template technique which determines the top quark mass together with a global jet energy scale factor (JSF), and a relative b-to-light-jet energy scale factor(bJSF), where the terms b-jets and light-jets refer to jets originating from b-quarks and u, d, c, s-quarks or gluons, respectively. The analysis of the t\(\overline{t}\) → dilepton channel exploits a one-dimensional template method using the m\(_{lb}\) observable, defined as the average invariant mass of the two lepton+b-jet pairs in each event. The top quark mass is measured to be 172.33±0.75(stat + JSF + bJSF)±1.02(syst) GeV, and 173.79 ± 0.54(stat) ± 1.30(syst) GeV in the t\(\overline{t}\) → lepton+jets and t\(\overline{t}\) → dilepton channels, respectively. The combination of the two results yields m\(_{top}\) =172.99 ± 0.48(stat) ± 0.78(syst) GeV, with a total uncertainty of 0.91 GeV. KW - top quark mass Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149890 VL - 75 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for supersymmetry in events containing a same-flavour opposite-sign dilepton pair, jets, and large missing transverse momentum in \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields N2 - Two searches for supersymmetric particles in final states containing a same-flavour opposite-sign lepton pair, jets and large missing transverse momentum are presented. The proton–proton collision data used in these searches were collected at a centre-of-mass energy \(\sqrt {s}\) = 8 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\). Two leptonic production mechanisms are considered: decays of squarks and gluinos with Z bosons in the final state, resulting in a peak in the dilepton invariant mass distribution around the Z-boson mass; and decays of neutralinos (e.g. \(\tilde{χ}\)\(^{0}_{2}\) → ℓ\(^{+}\)ℓ\(^{−}\)\(\tilde{χ}\)\(^{0}_{1}\)), resulting in a kinematic endpoint in the dilepton invariant mass distribution. For the former, an excess of events above the expected Standard Model background is observed, with a significance of three standard deviations. In the latter case, the data are well-described by the expected Standard Model background. The results from each channel are interpreted in the context of several supersymmetric models involving the production of squarks and gluinos. KW - ATLAS detector KW - supersymmetry KW - proton-proton collision Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150184 VL - 75 IS - 7 ER -