TY - JOUR A1 - Dürig, Tobias A1 - Gudmundsson, Magnús Tumi A1 - Karmann, Sven A1 - Zimanowski, Bernd A1 - Dellino, Pierfrancesco A1 - Rietze, Martin A1 - Büttner, Ralf T1 - Mass eruption rates in pulsating eruptions estimated from video analysis of the gas thrust-buoyancy transition-a case study of the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland JF - Earth, Planets and Space N2 - The 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajokull volcano was characterized by pulsating activity. Discrete ash bursts merged at higher altitude and formed a sustained quasi-continuous eruption column. High-resolution near-field videos were recorded on 8-10 May, during the second explosive phase of the eruption, and supplemented by contemporary aerial observations. In the observed period, pulses occurred at intervals of 0.8 to 23.4 s (average, 4.2 s). On the basis of video analysis, the pulse volume and the velocity of the reversely buoyant jets that initiated each pulse were determined. The expansion history of jets was tracked until the pulses reached the height of transition from a negatively buoyant jet to a convective buoyant plume about 100 m above the vent. Based on the assumption that the density of the gas-solid mixture making up the pulse approximates that of the surrounding air at the level of transition from the jet to the plume, a mass flux ranging between 2.2 and 3.5 . 10\(^4\) kg/s was calculated. This mass eruption rate is in good agreement with results obtained with simple models relating plume height with mass discharge at the vent. Our findings indicate that near-field measurements of eruption source parameters in a pulsating eruption may prove to be an effective monitoring tool. A comparison of the observed pulses with those generated in calibrated large-scale experiments reveals very similar characteristics and suggests that the analysis of near-field sensors could in the future help to constrain the triggering mechanism of explosive eruptions. KW - image KW - dynamics KW - infrasound KW - entrainment KW - jets KW - plumes KW - source parameters KW - Eyjafjallajökull 2010 KW - pulsating explosive eruptions KW - near-field monitoring KW - eruption rate KW - volcano KW - energy KW - models KW - explosive volcanism KW - mass Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-138635 VL - 67 IS - 180 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schüssler, Ulrich T1 - Mobilisation einzelner Elemente in Amphiboliten aus der Umgebung der KTB-Lokation, Zone Erbendorf-Vohenstrauss, nördliche Oberpfalz N2 - No abstract available KW - Mineralogie Y1 - 1988 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-39248 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schüssler, Ulrich A1 - Oppermann, Uwe A1 - Kreuzer, Hans A1 - Seidel, Eberhard A1 - Okrusch, Martin A1 - Lenz, Karl-Ludwig A1 - Raschka, Helmut T1 - Zur Altersstellung des ostbayerischen Kristallins - Ergebnisse neuer K-Ar Datierungen N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1986 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31778 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schüssler, Ulrich A1 - Richter, P. A1 - Okrusch, Martin T1 - Metabasites from the KTB Oberpfalz target area, Bavaria - geochemical characteristics and examples of mobile behaviour of "immobile" elements N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreuzer, Hans A1 - Seidel, Eberhard A1 - Schüssler, Ulrich A1 - Okrusch, Martin A1 - Lenz, Karl-Ludwig A1 - Raschka, Helmut T1 - K-Ar geochronology of different tectonic units at the northeastern margin of the Bohemian Massif N2 - No abstract available Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31811 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schüssler, Ulrich T1 - Zur geologischen Situation der Erzlagerstätte Kupferberg-Neufang in der Umrahmung der Münchberger Gneismasse N2 - Die Kupfer-Zink-Lagerstätte von Kupferberg-Neufang im Bereich der Münchberger Deckenstruktur besteht aus einem etwa 4 km langen Zug einzelner stratiformer Vererzungslinsen, der in NW-SE-Richtung vom anchimetamorphen Paläozoikum "Bayerischer" Faziesentwicklung in die Prasinit-Phyllit-Serie hinüberzieht. Bisherige lagerstättenkundliche Untersuchimgen interpretierten die gesamte Lagerstätte als einheitliche, submarin-exhalativ entstandene stratiforme Bildung in Zusammenhang mit ordovizischem basischem Vulkanismus, der in den Rahmengesteinen der Lagerstätte durch die Diabase der anchimetamorphen Randschieferserie bzw. die Prasinite der Prasinit-Phyllit-Serie dokumentiert ist. Diese Vorstellung steht jedoch in deutlichem Widerspruch zu den Ergebnissen neuerer geochemischer und biostratigraphischer Untersuchungen, die für die Diabase und Prasinite eine völlig unterschiedliche Zusammensetzung ergaben und die zeigten, daß die Prasinit-Phyllit-Serie schon im Oberproterozoikum, die erzführenden Schichten im anchimetamorphen Paläozoikum aber erst im Unterdevon sedimentiert wurden. Für eine Klärung der Situation sind weitere Untersuchungen im Bereich der Lagerstätte erforderlich. Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31791 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schüssler, Ulrich A1 - Skinner, David N. B. A1 - Roland, Norbert W. T1 - Subduction-related Mafic to Intermediate Plutonism in the Northwestern Wilson Terrane, North Victoria Land and Oates Coast, Antarctica N2 - No abstract available KW - Wilson Terrane ; intrusions ; mafic composition ; relative age ; petrographic analysis ; gabbroic composition ; subduction zones Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31805 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schüssler, Ulrich A1 - Henjes-Kunst, Friedhelm T1 - Petrographical and Geochronological Investigations on a Garnet-Tourmaline Pegmatite from Ringgold Knoll, Oates Coast, Antarctica N2 - The Ringgold Knoll pegmatite, a late-stage member of the Granite Harbour Intrusives, crosscuts high-grade Wilson gneisses of the Oates Coast, which forms the westernmost part of the Wilson Terrane at the Pacific end of the Cambro-Ordovician Ross orogenic belt in West Antarctica. The pegmatite mineral assemblage consists of K-feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, garnet (almandinespessartine-pyrope), dark tourmaline (schorl-dravite), muscovite, apatite, monazite, zircon, blue AI-rich tourmaline and dumortierite in order of decreasing abundances. Major, minor and rare earth elements are reported for the greater part of the mineral assemblage. The time of pegmatite emplacement is constrained by Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isochron ages of 492 ± 8 (2a) Ma and 500 ± 40 (2a) Ma, respectively. High initial 87Sr/86Sr of 0.7315 ± 0.0003 and low E Nd,t of -8.7 ± 1.2 strongly support an origin of the magma from highly evolved crustal source rocks. K-Ar and Ar-Ar model ages of about 470 to 475 Ma for igneous muscovite indicate that the pegmatite together with its wall rocks spent a prolonged period at elevated temperatures before final cooling below about 350 °C. The muscovite dates may give an estimate for the time of exhumation of the Oates Coast crystalline basement along two major late Ross orogenic detachment zones within the Wilson Terrane i.e. the Wilson and the Exiles thrusts (c.f. FLÖTTMANN and KLEINSCHMIDT, 1991). N2 - Der Pegmatit vom Ringgold Knoll geh6rt zur spaten Gangfolge der Granite Harbour Intrusionen und durchschlagt hochgradig metamorphe Wilson Gneise der Oates Coast, die den westlichsten Teil des Wilson Terranes am pazifischen Ende des Kambro-Ordovizischen Ross Orogengiirtels in der Westantarktis bildet. Die pegmatitische Mineralparagenese besteht aus Kalifeldspat, Plagioklas, Quarz, almandin-spessartin-pyrop-betontem Granat, dunklem schorl-dravit-betontem Turmalin, Muscovit, Apatit, Monazit, Zirkon, blauem AI-reichem Turmalin und Dumortierit in der Reihenfolge abnehmenden Modalanteils. FUr den groBeren Teil der Minerale wurden Haupt-, Neben- und Seltenerdelemente bestimmt. Der Zeitpunkt der Pegmatitintrusion wird durch Rb-Sr und Sm-Nd Isochronenalter von 492 ± 8 (20") Ma bzw. 500 ± 40 Ma (20") datiert. Ein hohes "SrI" Sr Initialverhaltnis von 0,7315 ± 0,0003 und ein niedriger Wert flir E Nd,t von -8,7 ± 1,2 sprechen deutlich für eine Magmenherkunft von hochdifferenzierten krustalen Ausgangsgesteinen. K-Ar und Ar-Ar Modellalter von etwa 470 bis 475 Ma von magmatischem Muscovit zeigen, daB der Pegmatit und das Nebengestein eine langsame AbkUhlung auf Temperaturen unter etwa 350°C er1ebten. Die Muscovitdaten konnen als eine Zeitmarke gesehen werden fUr die Heraushebung des kristallinen Grundgebirges der Oates Coast entlang der zwei split Ross-orogenen Wilson und Exiles Hauptüberschiebungszonen im Wilson Terrane (FLÖTTMANN und KLElNSCHMlDT 1991). Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31789 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koehler, Jonas A1 - Kuenzer, Claudia T1 - Forecasting spatio-temporal dynamics on the land surface using Earth Observation data — a review JF - Remote Sensing N2 - Reliable forecasts on the impacts of global change on the land surface are vital to inform the actions of policy and decision makers to mitigate consequences and secure livelihoods. Geospatial Earth Observation (EO) data from remote sensing satellites has been collected continuously for 40 years and has the potential to facilitate the spatio-temporal forecasting of land surface dynamics. In this review we compiled 143 papers on EO-based forecasting of all aspects of the land surface published in 16 high-ranking remote sensing journals within the past decade. We analyzed the literature regarding research focus, the spatial scope of the study, the forecasting method applied, as well as the temporal and technical properties of the input data. We categorized the identified forecasting methods according to their temporal forecasting mechanism and the type of input data. Time-lagged regressions which are predominantly used for crop yield forecasting and approaches based on Markov Chains for future land use and land cover simulation are the most established methods. The use of external climate projections allows the forecasting of numerical land surface parameters up to one hundred years into the future, while auto-regressive time series modeling can account for intra-annual variances. Machine learning methods have been increasingly used in all categories and multivariate modeling that integrates multiple data sources appears to be more popular than univariate auto-regressive modeling despite the availability of continuously expanding time series data. Regardless of the method, reliable EO-based forecasting requires high-level remote sensing data products and the resulting computational demand appears to be the main reason that most forecasts are conducted only on a local scale. In the upcoming years, however, we expect this to change with further advances in the field of machine learning, the publication of new global datasets, and the further establishment of cloud computing for data processing. KW - forecast KW - Earth Observation KW - land surface KW - land use KW - land cover KW - time series KW - machine learning KW - Markov chains KW - modeling Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216285 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 12 IS - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schüssler, Ulrich A1 - Kreuzer, H.. A1 - Vejnar, Z. A1 - Okrusch, M. A1 - Seidel, E. A1 - Kopecký, L. A1 - Patzak, M. T1 - Geochemische Untersuchungen und K-Ar Datierungen in der Zone Tepl-Taus N2 - no abstract available KW - Tepl-Taus Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-81840 ER -