TY - JOUR A1 - Böck, Julia A1 - Maurus, Katja A1 - Gerhard-Hartmann, Elena A1 - Brändlein, Stephanie A1 - Kurz, Katrin S. A1 - Ott, German A1 - Anagnostopoulos, Ioannis A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Zamò, Alberto T1 - Targeted panel sequencing in the routine diagnosis of mature T- and NK-cell lymphomas BT - report of 128 cases from two German reference centers JF - Frontiers in Oncology N2 - Diagnosing any of the more than 30 types of T-cell lymphomas is considered a challenging task for many pathologists and currently requires morphological expertise as well as the integration of clinical data, immunophenotype, flow cytometry and clonality analyses. Even considering all available information, some margin of doubt might remain using the current diagnostic procedures. In recent times, the genetic landscape of most T-cell lymphomas has been elucidated, showing a number of diagnostically relevant mutations. In addition, recent data indicate that some of these genetic alterations might bear prognostic and predictive value. Extensive genetic analyses, such as whole exome or large panel sequencing are still expensive and time consuming, therefore limiting their application in routine diagnostic. We therefore devoted our effort to develop a lean approach for genetic analysis of T-cell lymphomas, focusing on maximum efficiency rather than exhaustively covering all possible targets. Here we report the results generated with our small amplicon-based panel that could be used routinely on paraffin-embedded and even decalcified samples, on a single sample basis in parallel with other NGS-panels used in our routine diagnostic lab, in a relatively short time and with limited costs. We tested 128 available samples from two German reference centers as part of our routine work up (among which 116 T-cell lymphomas), which is the largest routine diagnostic series reported to date. Our results showed that this assay had a very high rate of technical success (97%) and could detect mutations in the majority (79%) of tested T-cell lymphoma samples. KW - T-cell lymphoma KW - panel-sequencing KW - NGS KW - diagnostics KW - mutation KW - FFPE Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-326478 SN - 2234-943X VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gómez-Fernández, Paloma A1 - Lopez de Lapuente Portilla, Aitzkoa A1 - Astobiza, Ianire A1 - Mena, Jorge A1 - Urtasun, Andoni A1 - Altmann, Vivian A1 - Matesanz, Fuencisla A1 - Otaegui, David A1 - Urcelay, Elena A1 - Antigüedad, Alfredo A1 - Malhotra, Sunny A1 - Montalban, Xavier A1 - Castillo-Triviño, Tamara A1 - Espino-Paisán, Laura A1 - Aktas, Orhan A1 - Buttmann, Mathias A1 - Chan, Andrew A1 - Fontaine, Bertrand A1 - Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine A1 - Hecker, Michael A1 - Hoffjan, Sabine A1 - Kubisch, Christian A1 - Kümpfel, Tania A1 - Luessi, Felix A1 - Zettl, Uwe K. A1 - Zipp, Frauke A1 - Alloza, Iraide A1 - Comabella, Manuel A1 - Lill, Christina M. A1 - Vandenbroeck, Koen T1 - The rare IL22RA2 signal peptide coding variant rs28385692 decreases secretion of IL-22BP isoform-1, -2 and -3 and is associated with risk for multiple sclerosis JF - Cells N2 - The IL22RA2 locus is associated with risk for multiple sclerosis (MS) but causative variants are yet to be determined. In a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) screen of this locus in a Basque population, rs28385692, a rare coding variant substituting Leu for Pro at position 16 emerged significantly (p = 0.02). This variant is located in the signal peptide (SP) shared by the three secreted protein isoforms produced by IL22RA2 (IL-22 binding protein-1(IL-22BPi1), IL-22BPi2 and IL-22BPi3). Genotyping was extended to a Europe-wide case-control dataset and yielded high significance in the full dataset (p = 3.17 × 10\(^{-4}\)). Importantly, logistic regression analyses conditioning on the main known MS-associated SNP at this locus, rs17066096, revealed that this association was independent from the primary association signal in the full case-control dataset. In silico analysis predicted both disruption of the alpha helix of the H-region of the SP and decreased hydrophobicity of this region, ultimately affecting the SP cleavage site. We tested the effect of the p.Leu16Pro variant on the secretion of IL-22BPi1, IL-22BPi2 and IL-22BPi3 and observed that the Pro16 risk allele significantly lowers secretion levels of each of the isoforms to around 50%–60% in comparison to the Leu16 reference allele. Thus, our study suggests that genetically coded decreased levels of IL-22BP isoforms are associated with augmented risk for MS. KW - IL22RA2 KW - IL-22 binding protein isoform KW - mutation KW - signal peptide KW - multiple sclerosis KW - autoimmune Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200769 SN - 2073-4409 VL - 9 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grünewald, Benedikt A1 - Lange, Maren D A1 - Werner, Christian A1 - O'Leary, Aet A1 - Weishaupt, Andreas A1 - Popp, Sandy A1 - Pearce, David A A1 - Wiendl, Heinz A1 - Reif, Andreas A1 - Pape, Hans C A1 - Toyka, Klaus V A1 - Sommer, Claudia A1 - Geis, Christian T1 - Defective synaptic transmission causes disease signs in a mouse model of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis JF - eLife N2 - Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL or Batten disease) caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene is the most prevalent inherited neurodegenerative disease in childhood resulting in widespread central nervous system dysfunction and premature death. The consequences of CLN3 mutation on the progression of the disease, on neuronal transmission, and on central nervous network dysfunction are poorly understood. We used Cln3 knockout (Cln3\(^{Δex1-6}\)) mice and found increased anxiety-related behavior and impaired aversive learning as well as markedly affected motor function including disordered coordination. Patch-clamp and loose-patch recordings revealed severely affected inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission in the amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellar networks. Changes in presynaptic release properties may result from dysfunction of CLN3 protein. Furthermore, loss of calbindin, neuropeptide Y, parvalbumin, and GAD65-positive interneurons in central networks collectively support the hypothesis that degeneration of GABAergic interneurons may be the cause of supraspinal GABAergic disinhibition. KW - CLN3 KW - mutation KW - mouse model KW - synaptic transmission KW - amygdala KW - hippocampus Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170004 VL - 6 IS - e28685 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sbiera, Silviu A1 - Tryfonidou, Marianna A. A1 - Weigand, Isabel A1 - Grinwis, Guy C. M. A1 - Broeckx, Bart A1 - Herterich, Sabine A1 - Allolio, Bruno A1 - Deutschbein, Timo A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Meij, Björn P. T1 - Lack of Ubiquitin Specific Protease 8 (USP8) Mutations in Canine Corticotroph Pituitary Adenomas JF - Plos One N2 - Purpose Cushing’s disease (CD), also known as pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, is caused by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary tumours. Affected humans and dogs have similar clinical manifestations, however, the incidence of the canine disease is thousand-fold higher. This makes the dog an obvious model for studying the pathogenesis of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Despite certain similarities identified at the molecular level, the question still remains whether the two species have a shared oncogenetic background. Recently, hotspot recurrent mutations in the gene encoding for ubiquitin specific protease 8 (USP8) have been identified as the main driver behind the formation of ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas in humans. In this study, we aimed to verify whether USP8 mutations also play a role in the development of such tumours in dogs. Methods Presence of USP8 mutations was analysed by Sanger and PCR-cloning sequencing in 38 canine ACTH-secreting adenomas. Furthermore, the role of USP8 and EGFR protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a subset of 25 adenomas. Results None of the analysed canine ACTH-secreting adenomas presented mutations in the USP8 gene. In a subset of these adenomas, however, we observed an increased nuclear expression of USP8, a phenotype characteristic for the USP8 mutated human tumours, that correlated with smaller tumour size but elevated ACTH production in those tumours. Conclusions Canine ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas lack mutations in the USP8 gene suggesting a different genetic background of pituitary tumourigenesis in dogs. However, elevated nuclear USP8 protein expression in a subset of tumours was associated with a similar phenotype as in their human counterparts, indicating a possible end-point convergence of the different genetic backgrounds in the two species. In order to establish the dog as a useful animal model for the study of CD, further comprehensive studies are needed. KW - cytoplasmic staining KW - dogs KW - adenomas KW - pituitary gland KW - pituitary adenomas KW - nuclear staining KW - mutation KW - protein expression Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148020 VL - 11 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Galimberti, Daniela A1 - Dell'Osso, Bernardo A1 - Fenoglio, Chiara A1 - Villa, Chiara A1 - Cortini, Francesca A1 - Serpente, Maria A1 - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah A1 - Weigl, Johannes A1 - Neuner, Maria A1 - Volkert, Juliane A1 - Leonhard, C. A1 - Olmes, David G. A1 - Kopf, Juliane A1 - Cantoni, Claudia A1 - Ridolfi, Elisa A1 - Palazzo, Carlotta A1 - Ghezzi, Laura A1 - Bresolin, Nereo A1 - Altamura, A.C. A1 - Scarpini, Elio A1 - Reif, Andreas T1 - Progranulin Gene Variability and Plasma Levels in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia JF - PLoS One N2 - Basing on the assumption that frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BPD) might share common aetiological mechanisms, we analyzed genetic variation in the FTLD risk gene progranulin (GRN) in a German population of patients with schizophrenia (n=271) or BPD (n=237) as compared with 574 age-, gender-and ethnicity-matched controls. Furthermore, we measured plasma progranulin levels in 26 German BPD patients as well as in 61 Italian BPD patients and 29 matched controls. A significantly decreased allelic frequency of the minor versus the wild-type allele was observed for rs2879096 (23.2 versus 34.2%, P<0.001, OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49-0.80), rs4792938 (30.7 versus 39.7%, P=0.005, OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.55-0.89) and rs5848 (30.3 versus 36.8, P=0.007, OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56-0.91). Mean +/- SEM progranulin plasma levels were significantly decreased in BPD patients, either Germans or Italians, as compared with controls (89.69 +/- 3.97 and 116.14 +/- 5.80 ng/ml, respectively, versus 180.81 +/- 18.39 ng/ml P<0.001) and were not correlated with age. In conclusion, GRN variability decreases the risk to develop BPD and schizophrenia, and progranulin plasma levels are significantly lower in BPD patients than in controls. Nevertheless, a larger replication analysis would be needed to confirm these preliminary results. KW - people KW - frontotemporal lobar degeneration KW - genome-wide association KW - Alzheimers disease KW - risk genes KW - dementia KW - GRN KW - mutation KW - families KW - linkage Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-131910 VL - 7 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roesler, Joachim A1 - Segerer, Florian A1 - Morbach, Henner A1 - Kleinert, Stefan A1 - Thieme, Sebastian A1 - Rösen-Wolff, Angela A1 - Liese, Johannes G. T1 - P67-phox (NCF2) Lacking Exons 11 and 12 Is Functionally Active and Leads to an Extremely Late Diagnosis of Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) JF - PLoS One N2 - Two brothers in their fifties presented with a medical history of suspected fungal allergy, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, alveolitis, and invasive aspergillosis and pulmonary fistula, respectively. Eventually, after a delay of 50 years, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) was diagnosed in the index patient. We found a new splice mutation in the NCF2 (p67-phox) gene, c.1000+2T -> G, that led to several splice products one of which lacked exons 11 and 12. This deletion was in frame and allowed for remarkable residual NADPH oxidase activity as determined by transduction experiments using a retroviral vector. We conclude that p67-phox which lacks the 34 amino acids encoded by the two exons can still exert considerable functional activity. This activity can partially explain the long-term survival of the patients without adequate diagnosis and treatment, but could not prevent progressing lung damage. KW - P67(PHOX) KW - NADPH oxidase KW - European experience KW - interferon gamma KW - gene KW - region KW - prophylaxis KW - infection KW - mutation Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134948 VL - 7 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Herrmann, Leonie Judith Maria T1 - TP53 Mutationen und Polymorphismen bei erwachsenen Patienten mit Nebennierenrindenkarzinom T1 - TP53 mutations and polymorphisms in adult patients with adrenocortical carcinoma N2 - Das Nebennierenrindenkarzinom (NNR-Ca) gehört mit einer Inzidenz von 1-2/1000000 zu den seltenen malignen Neubildungen. Neben Sarkomen, Hirntumoren, Brustkrebs und Leukämie gehört das NNR-Ca zu den Kerntumoren, durch die das selten vorkommende autosomal dominante Tumor-Prädispositions Syndrom, das Li Fraumeni Syndrom (LFS) gekennzeichnet ist. Das LFS wird mit Keimbahnmutationen im Tumorsuppressor Gen TP53 in Verbindung gebracht. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht TP53 Keimbahnmutationen und -polymorphismen und ihre Auswirkung auf klinische Faktoren bei einem großen Kollektiv von erwachsenen NNR-Ca Patienten. Es wurde DNS aus Blut und teilweise aus Tumorgewebe von Patienten aus dem Deutschen Nebennierenrindenkarzinom Register extrahiert und die Exons 2 bis 11 von TP53 sequenziert. Darüber hinaus wurde der Nachweis der Mutationen und eines Loss of Heterozgosity von TP53 im Tumorgewebe und die immunhistochemische Färbung von p53 vorgenommen. Die anschließende Auswertung der Daten erfolgte unter Einbeziehung des klinischen Verlaufs der Krankheit bei den Patienten. In dieser Arbeit konnten vier NNR-Ca Patienten (3,9 %) mit mindestens einer Keimbahnmutation im TP53 identifiziert werden, bei den unter 40-jährigen entspricht dies einem Anteil von 13,0 %. Unter der Altersgrenze von 40 Jahren sollte daher ein TP53 Mutationsscreening erwogen werden. Die Auswertung der Polymorphismen zeigte, dass diese einen Einfluss auf die Entstehung und den klinischen Verlauf des NNR-Cas zu haben scheinen, jedoch weitere Studien nötig sind. N2 - Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a rare malignancy with an incidence of 1-2 cases per million population. Li Fraumeni Syndrom (LFS) is a rare autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome that is characterized by sarcoma, brain tumor, breast cancer, leukaemia, and ACC. LFS is associated with germline mutations in the tumor supressor gene TP53. This study investigates TP53 germline mutations and polymorphisms and their impact on clinical characteristics of a large cohort of adult patients with ACC. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and tumor tissue derived from patients from the German ACC registry and sequencing was performed on exons 2-11 and adjacent introns. Tumor tissue was analyzed for loss of heterozygosity of TP53 and p53 immunohistochemitry. Analysis was performed by taking clinical characteristics of ACC patients into consideration. Four ACC patients (3.9%) were carriers of at least one TP53 germline mutation corresponding to 13% below the age of 40 years. In younger adults (<40 yr) with ACC screening for TP53 mutations should be considered. While further studies are needed to validate the data, the analysis of TP53 polymorphisms showed possible impact of polymorphisms on development and course of ACC. KW - TP53 KW - Nebennierenrindenkarzinom KW - Adrenocortical cancer KW - Mutationen KW - Polymorphismen KW - LOH KW - Li Fraumeni Syndrom KW - R337H KW - mutation KW - polymorphism KW - Li Fraumeni syndrome KW - LOH KW - R337H Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-93786 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hoßfeld, Andrea T1 - Mutationsscreening im Ryanodinrezeptor 1 bei Patienten mit maligner Hyperthermie T1 - mutation screening of the ryanodine receptor 1 in patients with malignant hyperthermia N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden aus den Testzentren Würzburg und Wien DNA-Proben von Patienten, die im Laufe einer Anästhesie eine maligne Hyperthermie (MH) entwickelt hatten, und deren Angehörigen auf MH-verursachende Mutationen im Gen für den Ryanodinrezeptor 1 (RYR 1) untersucht. Es wurde dabei eine Hotspotregion des RYR 1 ausgewählt, für die bereits im Vorfeld mehrere Mutationen bekannt waren. Das Screening wurde mit Hilfe der Methode single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) durchgeführt. Eine dem abweichenden Laufverhalten eventuell zugrunde-liegende Mutation wurde anschließend durch die automatische Sequenzierung identifiziert. Unter 190 Patienten aus 126 Familien konnte in 18 Fällen eine Mutation gefunden werden. Das entspricht einer Detektionsrate von 14,29%. Insgesamt traten 10 verschiedene Mutationen auf, von denen eine (G6377A) vorher noch nicht beschrieben war. Die Mutationshäufigkeiten unterschieden sich zum Teil erheblich innerhalb der beiden untersuchten Populationen und im Vergleich zu Ergebnissen anderer Arbeitsgruppen. Alle Indexpatienten und viele Angehörige hatten sich bereits einem in-vitro-Kontrakturtest (IVCT) zur Diagnostik der MH unterzogen. So konnten die Ergebnisse des IVCT mit denen der genetischen Untersuchung verglichen werden. Es fand sich eine gute Übereinstimmung, die die Zuverlässigkeit des IVCT stützt. Begleitend zur Screeninguntersuchung wurden die Methoden SSCP und automatische Sequenzierung hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit im Screening großer Patientenkollektive bewertet. Bei vergleichbarer Sicherheit ist mit dem SSCP in kürzerer Zeit bei geringerem Kostenaufwand eine größere Anzahl an Patientenproben auswertbar. Der Stellenwert der genetischen Diagnostik bei der MH wurde als ideale Methode zur Identifikation betroffener Familienmitglieder in MH-Familien mit bekannter Mutation bestätigt. N2 - Samples of patients with malignant hyperthermia during general anesthesia from the mh-centers Wien and Würzburg were investigated for mutations in the ryanodine receptor 1. Only hotspot regions were chosen. Screening was performed using the method single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Mutations were analysed by automatic sequenzing. In 190 patients from 126 families 18 mutations were found. Mutation frequence differed between the two analysed populations and compared to results of other studies. Results of genetic testing were compared to results of IVCT. High sensitivity and specifity of IVCT was confirmed. In addition the methods SSCP and automatic sequenzing were compared with respect to big patient collectives. With the SSCP samples can be analysed more quickly while security is comparably high and cost are lower. Genetic testing is the ideal method for identification of affected members in mh-families with known mutation. KW - maligne Hyperthermie KW - Ryr 1 KW - Mutation KW - Screening KW - malignant hyperthermia KW - ryr 1 KW - mutation KW - screening Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-16545 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fach, Cornelia T1 - Selektive Amplifikation, Klonierung und Sequenzierung eines hypermutablen Bereiches des Fanconi-Anämie-A (FANCA)-Gens aus Fibroblasten-Kulturen unterschiedlicher Passagen und Genotypen T1 - Selective amplification, cloning and sequencing of a hypermutable region of the Fanconi anemia A (FANCA) gene from fibroblast cultures of different passages and types of genes N2 - Fanconi-Anämie gehört zu den Chromosomenbruch-Syndromen und zeichnet sich durch eine genomische Instabilität aus. Die genomische Instabilität ist auch Ursache häufiger Rückmutationen. Solche kommen vermehrt in Genabschnitten hoher Sequenzvariabilität vor. Insbesondere gilt dies für das Exon 10 des FANCA-Gens. Dieser Abschnitt des Gens wurde herausgesucht, da dieser als hypermutabler Bereich in der Literatur beschrieben ist. In dieser Arbeit sollte untersucht werden, inwieweit Sequenzen des Exon 10 somatische Instabilität aufweisen. Hierzu wurden Fibroblasten eines Patienten und entsprechende Kontrollen in der Zellkultur seriell passagiert und gealtert. Im Zuge der Zellalterung konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich die Wachstumsrate verringerte. Die Zellen, die mit MMC behandelt wurden, stellten das Wachstum nach 1-2 Zellpassagen ein. Der Sequenzabschnitt aus FANCA wurde aus isolierter DNA der Zellen amplifiziert und im PCR-TOPO TA kloniert. Die erhaltenen Klone wurden sequenziert. Die Sequenzanalysen ergaben als häufigste Basensubstitution einen T nach C Austausch oder revers komplementär einen Austausch von A nach G. Dies wird als Artefakt interpretiert. Vermutliche Ursache ist die relativ hohe Fehlerrate der Taq-Polymerase. Für die Amplifizierung des Genomabschnittes aus dem FANCA-Gen sollte eine Polymerase verwendet werden, die eine höhere Genauigkeit als die Taq-Polymerase aufweist, wie z. B. die Pfu-Polymerase. N2 - Fanconi anemia belongs to the chromosome breakage syndromes and is characterised by a spontaneous chromosomal instability. This instability is also a cause of frequent back mutations. Such are increased in gene sections of high sequence variability. In particular this applies to the Exon 10 of the FANCA gene. This section of the gene was picked out, because this is described as hypermutable range in the literature. In this work it should be investigated if sequences of the Exon 10 show somatic instability. For this fibroblasts of a patient and appropriate controls in the cell culture were serially divided and aged. Because of the cell aging it could be shown that the growth rate was reduced. The cells, which were treated with MMC, stopped growth after 1-2 cell passages. The segment of the FANCA sequence was amplified from isolated DNA of the cells and cloned in the PCR TOPO TA. The received clones were made sequences. The sequence analyses resulted as the most frequent substitution a T to C exchange or revers complementary an exchange from A to G. This is interpreted as artifact. A supposed cause is the relatively high error rate of the Taq polymerase. For the amplification of the segment of the FANCA gene a polymerase should be used, which has a higher accuracy than the Taq polymerase, e.g. the Pfu polymerase. KW - Fanconi Anämie A KW - Zellkultur KW - PCR KW - Mutation KW - Hypermutabilität KW - Fanconi anemia A KW - cell culture KW - PCR KW - mutation KW - hypermutable Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-10464 ER -