TY - JOUR A1 - Djelić, Ninoslav A1 - Borozan, Sunčica A1 - Dimitrijević-Srećković, Vesna A1 - Pajović, Nevena A1 - Mirilović, Milorad A1 - Stopper, Helga A1 - Stanimirović, Zoran T1 - Oxidative stress and DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal, obese, prediabetic and diabetic persons exposed to thyroid hormone in vitro JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Diabetes, a chronic group of medical disorders characterized byhyperglycemia, has become a global pandemic. Some hormones may influence the course and outcome of diabetes, especially if they potentiate the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is a close relationship between thyroid disorders and diabetes. The main objective of this investigation was to find out whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are more prone to DNA damage by triiodothyronine (T\(_3\)) (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) at various stages of progression through diabetes (obese, prediabetics, and type 2 diabetes mellitus—T2DM persons). In addition, some biochemical parameters of oxidative stress (catalase-CAT, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances—TBARS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated. PBMCs from prediabetic and diabetic patients exhibited increased sensitivity for T\(_3\) regarding elevated level of DNA damage, inhibition of catalase, and increase of TBARS and LDH. PBMCs from obese patients reacted in the same manner, except for DNA damage. The results of this study should contribute to a better understanding of the role of thyroid hormones in the progression of T2DM. KW - diabetes KW - oxidative stress KW - DNA damage KW - lymphocytes KW - thyroid hormone Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285988 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 23 IS - 16 ER - TY - THES A1 - Horn, Daniela T1 - Kardiotoxizität von CTRPs und das Vorkommen der CTRP-Rezeptoren in Kardiomyozyten T1 - Cardiotoxicity of CTRPs and the presence of CTRP receptors in cardiomyocytes N2 - Die C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related proteins (CTRPs) sind eine Ligandenfamilie aus sezernierten Plasmaproteinen, welche sich in ihrem Grundbauplan ähneln. Daten aus der Literatur deuten darauf hin, dass sie zum Teil positive Effekte auf den Stoffwechsel und das Herz-Kreislaufsystem besitzen und somit eine mögliche therapeutische Zielstruktur darstellen. Während für manche CTRPs bereits Rezeptoren identifiziert werden konnten, ist für andere immer noch nicht geklärt, an welche Rezeptoren sie binden oder über welche sie diese Wirkungen erzielen. Um die CTRPs zukünftig therapeutisch nutzen zu können, muss die Wirkung der CTRPs auf verschiedene Zellen weiter analysiert werden. Dafür wurden in dieser Arbeit Zellen, auf die Expression bereits bekannter CTRP-Rezeptoren hin, untersucht. Des Weiteren wurden die durch CTRP2, CTRP3, CTRP4, CTRP9A, CTRP10, CTRP11, CTRP13 und CTRP14 induzierten Änderungen in der ATP- und Laktatproduktion als Surrogatparameter für Kardiotoxizität in den Kardiomyozytenzelllinien H9c2 und AC16 getestet, um potenziell kardiotoxische Wirkungen frühzeitig erkennen zu können. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die CTRPs sicher für Kardiomyozyten zu sein scheinen, was eine wichtige Grundlage für die therapeutische Nutzbarkeit darstellt. N2 - C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related proteins (CTRPs) are a ligand family of secreted plasma proteins that are similar in their basic structure. Literature on the subject indicate that some of them have positive effects on the metabolism and the cardiovascular system and therefore represent a potential therapeutic target structure. While some receptors have already been identified for some CTRPs, for others it is still not clear which receptors they bind to or through which they achieve these effects. In order to be able to use the CTRPs therapeutically in the future, the effect of the CTRPs on different cells must be further analyzed. For that cells were examined in this study for the expression of already known CTRP receptors. Furthermore, CTRP2, CTRP3, CTRP4, CTRP9A, CTRP10, CTRP11, CTRP13 and CTRP14 were tested in the cardiomyocyte cell lines H9c2 and AC16 with respect to their effect on production of ATP and lactate as surrogate parameters for cardiotoxicity in order to be able to recognize potentially cardiotoxic effects at an early stage. It was shown that the CTRPs appear to be safe for cardiomyocytes, which is an important basis for therapeutic utility. KW - Herzmuskelzelle KW - Zelllinie KW - CTRP KW - C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related proteins KW - Kardiomyozyten Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-349029 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eberl, Hanna A1 - Rebs, Sabine A1 - Hoppe, Stefanie A1 - Sedaghat-Hamedani, Farbod A1 - Kayvanpour, Elham A1 - Meder, Benjamin A1 - Streckfuss-Bömeke, Katrin T1 - Generation of an RBM20-mutation-associated left-ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy iPSC line (UMGi255-A) into a DCM genetic background to investigate monogenetic cardiomyopathies JF - Stem Cell Research N2 - RBM20 mutations account for 3 % of genetic cardiomypathies and manifest with high penetrance and arrhythmogenic effects. Numerous mutations in the conserved RS domain have been described as causing dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), whereas a particular mutation (p.R634L) drives development of a different cardiac phenotype: left-ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. We generated a mutation-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line in which the RBM20-LVNC mutation p.R634L was introduced into a DCM patient line with rescued RBM20-p.R634W mutation. These DCM-634L-iPSC can be differentiated into functional cardiomyocytes to test whether this RBM20 mutation induces development of the LVNC phenotype within the genetic context of a DCM patient. KW - cell biology KW - developmental biology KW - general medicine KW - RBM20 mutations KW - DCM genetic background KW - monogenetic cardiomyopathies Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350565 SN - 1873-5061 VL - 74 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bankoglu, Ezgi Eyluel A1 - Stipp, Franzisca A1 - Gerber, Johanna A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Heidland, August A1 - Bahner, Udo A1 - Stopper, Helga T1 - Effect of cryopreservation on DNA damage and DNA repair activity in human blood samples in the comet assay JF - Archives of Toxicology N2 - The comet assay is a commonly used method to determine DNA damage and repair activity in many types of samples. In recent years, the use of the comet assay in human biomonitoring became highly attractive due to its various modified versions, which may be useful to determine individual susceptibility in blood samples. However, in human biomonitoring studies, working with large sample numbers that are acquired over an extended time period requires some additional considerations. One of the most important issues is the storage of samples and its effect on the outcome of the comet assay. Another important question is the suitability of different blood preparations. In this study, we analysed the effect of cryopreservation on DNA damage and repair activity in human blood samples. In addition, we investigated the suitability of different blood preparations. The alkaline and FPG as well as two different types of repair comet assay and an in vitro hydrogen peroxide challenge were applied. Our results confirmed that cryopreserved blood preparations are suitable for investigating DNA damage in the alkaline and FPG comet assay in whole blood, buffy coat and PBMCs. Ex vivo hydrogen peroxide challenge yielded its optimal effect in isolated PBMCs. The utilised repair comet assay with either UVC or hydrogen peroxide-induced lesions and an aphidicolin block worked well in fresh PBMCs. Cryopreserved PBMCs could not be used immediately after thawing. However, a 16-h recovery with or without mitotic stimulation enabled the application of the repair comet assay, albeit only in a surviving cell fraction. KW - human biomonitoring KW - DNA damage KW - DNA repair KW - comet assay KW - blood samples Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265326 VL - 95 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Christian, Gentzsch A1 - Seier, Kerstin A1 - Drakopoulos, Antonios A1 - Jobin, Marie-Lise A1 - Lanoiselée, Yann A1 - Koszegi, Zsombor A1 - Maurel, Damien A1 - Sounier, Rémy A1 - Hübner, Harald A1 - Gmeiner, Peter A1 - Granier, Sébastien A1 - Calebiro, Davide A1 - Decker, Michael T1 - Selective and Wash‐Resistant Fluorescent Dihydrocodeinone Derivatives Allow Single‐Molecule Imaging of μ‐Opioid Receptor Dimerization JF - Angewandte Chemie International Edition N2 - μ‐Opioid receptors (μ‐ORs) play a critical role in the modulation of pain and mediate the effects of the most powerful analgesic drugs. Despite extensive efforts, it remains insufficiently understood how μ‐ORs produce specific effects in living cells. We developed new fluorescent ligands based on the μ‐OR antagonist E‐p‐nitrocinnamoylamino‐dihydrocodeinone (CACO), that display high affinity, long residence time and pronounced selectivity. Using these ligands, we achieved single‐molecule imaging of μ‐ORs on the surface of living cells at physiological expression levels. Our results reveal a high heterogeneity in the diffusion of μ‐ORs, with a relevant immobile fraction. Using a pair of fluorescent ligands of different color, we provide evidence that μ‐ORs interact with each other to form short‐lived homodimers on the plasma membrane. This approach provides a new strategy to investigate μ‐OR pharmacology at single‐molecule level. KW - single-molecule microscopy KW - fluorescent probes KW - G-protein coupled receptor KW - homodimerization KW - opioid ligands Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-212398 VL - 59 IS - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Godbole, Amod A1 - Lyga, Sandra A1 - Lohse, Martin J. A1 - Calebiro, Davide T1 - Internalized TSH receptors en route to the TGN induce local G\(_{S}\)-protein signaling and gene transcription JF - Nature Communications N2 - A new paradigm of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling at intracellular sites has recently emerged, but the underlying mechanisms and functional consequences are insufficiently understood. Here, we show that upon internalization in thyroid cells, endogenous TSH receptors traffic retrogradely to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and activate endogenous Gs-proteins in the retromer-coated compartment that brings them to the TGN. Receptor internalization is associated with a late cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) response at the Golgi/TGN. Blocking receptor internalization, inhibiting PKA II/interfering with its Golgi/TGN localization, silencing retromer or disrupting Golgi/TGN organization all impair efficient TSH-dependent cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. These results suggest that retrograde trafficking to the TGN induces local G\(_{S}\)-protein activation and cAMP/PKA signaling at a critical position near the nucleus, which appears required for efficient CREB phosphorylation and gene transcription. This provides a new mechanism to explain the functional consequences of GPCR signaling at intracellular sites and reveals a critical role for the TGN in GPCR signaling. KW - G protein-coupled receptors KW - fluorescence imaging KW - hormone receptors KW - trans-Golgi network Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170375 VL - 8 IS - 443 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maurer, Jana A1 - Hupp, Sabrina A1 - Bischoff, Carolin A1 - Foertsch, Christina A1 - Mitchell, Timothy J. A1 - Chakraborty, Trinad A1 - Iliev, Asparouh I. T1 - Distinct neurotoxicity profile of listeriolysin O from \(Listeria\) \(monocytogenes\) JF - Toxins N2 - Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are protein toxins that originate from Gram-positive bacteria and contribute substantially to their pathogenicity. CDCs bind membrane cholesterol and build prepores and lytic pores. Some effects of the toxins are observed in non-lytic concentrations. Two pathogens, \(Streptococcus\) \(pneumoniae\) and \(Listeria\) \(monocytogenes\), cause fatal bacterial meningitis, and both produce toxins of the CDC family—pneumolysin and listeriolysin O, respectively. It has been demonstrated that pneumolysin produces dendritic varicosities (dendrite swellings) and dendritic spine collapse in the mouse neocortex, followed by synaptic loss and astrocyte cell shape remodeling without elevated cell death. We utilized primary glial cultures and acute mouse brain slices to examine the neuropathological effects of listeriolysin O and to compare it to pneumolysin with identical hemolytic activity. In cultures, listeriolysin O permeabilized cells slower than pneumolysin did but still initiated non-lytic astrocytic cell shape changes, just as pneumolysin did. In an acute brain slice culture system, listeriolysin O produced dendritic varicosities in an NMDA-dependent manner but failed to cause dendritic spine collapse and cortical astrocyte reorganization. Thus, listeriolysin O demonstrated slower cell permeabilization and milder glial cell remodeling ability than did pneumolysin and lacked dendritic spine collapse capacity but exhibited equivalent dendritic pathology. KW - medicine KW - listeriolysin O KW - meningitis KW - acute slices KW - variocosities KW - dendritic spines Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172130 VL - 9 IS - 1 ER - TY - THES A1 - Cirkel, Nanett Christin T1 - Beeinflussung des oxidativen Stress-Status in einem Rattenmodell: Effekt von Selenmangel auf Niere und Leber T1 - Influenceability of Oxidative Stress for a Rat Model: Effect of Selenium Deficiency on Kidney and Liver N2 - Das Spurenelement Selen und Vitamin E reduzieren reaktive Sauerstoff Spezies (ROS). Bei Mangel dieser wichtigen Stoffe erhöht sich die Konzentration an ROS und der oxidative Stress steigt. Unter erhöhten ROS entstehen vermehrt DNA-Schäden und Lipidperoxidationen. Das ROS Wasserstoffperoxid wird zu Wasser über das Enzym Gluthationperxoidase reduziert. Dessen Aktivität steigert Selen um den Faktor 100-1.000. Das Aktivitätsmaximum des Enzyms liegt bei einer täglichen Selenaufnahme von 60-80 Mikrogramm/Tag. Dadurch wird die Menge an ROS reduziert und der oxidative Stress in der Zelle nimmt ab. Vitamin E fungiert als Radikalfänger. Sein Derivat alpha- Tocopherol besitzt die höchste antioxidative Wirkung und kann Lipidperoxidationen unterbrechen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht Auswirkungen von oxidativem Stress, den ein Mangel von Selen und Vitamin E in der Nahrung bei 6 Monate und 12 Monate alten Tieren auf Leber und Niere verursacht. Der Nachweis von oxidativem Stress erfolgte über sogenannte Hitzeschockproteine HSP70 und Hämoxygenase 1. HSP 70 wird auch unter physiologischen Bedingungen exprimiert. Es wirkt als Chaperon und ist u.a. für die korrekte Faltung und Stabilisierung von Proteinen zuständig. Die Versuche zeigten, dass im Alter in der Niere die HSP70 Konzentration ansteigt und die Zelle unter vermehrtem oxidativen Stress leidet. Entsprechende Literaturergebnisse wurden bestätigt. Die Hämoxygenase 1 (HO-1) ist ein Schlüsselenzym, das vermehrt bei oxidativem Stress gebildet wird. Hoch reaktionsfreudige und freie Blutbestandteile katalysiert die Hämoxygenase. Einen Abfall der HO- 1 Konzentration zeigten Untersuchungen von Leber und Niere bei Selen, - Vitamin E Mangel und höherem Lebensalter. Gründe für die verminderte Expression sind noch wenig erforscht. Die vermehrte Anreicherung von Superoxidanionradikalen wurde in den Geweben von Leber und Niere über Dihydroethidium (DHE) Färbung nachgewiesen. Die Hypothese wurde bestätigt, dass bei Selen, -Vitamin E Mangelnahrung und höherem Alter vermehrter oxidativer Stress entsteht. Selenmangel begünstigt die Entstehung verschiedener Krankheiten, z.B. Krebs, koronale Herzerkrankung und vor allem die Keshan-Krankheit, die den Herzmuskel befällt. Selen nimmt positiven Einfluss auf Körperfunktionen: Fertilität, embryonalen Entwicklung und Entwicklung eines Neugeborenen. Einige Fragen bleiben ungeklärt: Welche physiologischen Entwicklungsprozesse fördert Selen? Nimmt Selen eine wichtige Funktion bei der Befruchtung der Eizelle ein? Wie beeinflusst Selen die Entwicklung des Gehirns? Dem Spurenelement Selen kommen offensichtlich neben seiner Bedeutung zur Minderung des oxidativen Stresses noch weitere wichtige Funktionen zu, die bisher wenig untersucht wurden. N2 - The trace element Selenium and vitamin E reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under increased ROS concentration occur augmented DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. Selenium and vitamin E deficiency in nutrition of rats of 6 and 12 months causes oxidative stress in kidney and liver. Oxidative stress has been proved by heat shock protein HSP70 and Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1). By higher age HSP70 concentration in kidney rises and the cells suffer from increased oxidative stress. Selenium and vitamin E deficiency as well as higher age cause a decrease in concentration of HO-1 in liver and kidney, which is increasingly synthesized by oxidative stress. KW - Oxidativer Stress KW - Selenmangel KW - Vitamin E Mangel Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-163631 ER - TY - THES A1 - Soliman, Alexander T1 - Einfluss des Gewichtsverlusts auf den oxidativen Stress und den DNS-Schaden in adipösen Patient*innen nach bariatrischer Chirurgie T1 - Influence of bariatric surgery induced weight loss on oxidative stress and DNA damage in obese patients N2 - Adipositas ist eine Erkrankung, die durch ein erhöhtes Krebsrisiko neben zahlreichen anderen Komorbiditäten mit weitreichenden Folgen für die Gesundheit adipöser Patient*innen einhergeht. In der Pathogenese der adipositas-assoziierten Krebsarten sind dabei ein erhöhter oxidativer Stress sowie die damit einhergehende Schädigung der DNS maßgeblich beteiligt. Im Umkehrschluss wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit der Einfluss eines durch bariatrische Chirurgie induzierten Gewichtsverlusts auf den oxidativen Stress und DNS-Schaden in adipösen Patient*innen anhand von Blutproben präoperativ sowie 6 und 12 Monate postoperativ untersucht. In einer Subpopulation der Patient*innen konnte eine tendenzielle Verringerung des DNS-Schadens anhand des Comet-Assays in peripheren Lymphozyten beobachtet werden. Im Hinblick auf den oxidativen Stress wurde im Plasma die Eisenreduktionsfähigkeit als Maß für die antioxidative Kapazität sowie Malondialdehyd als Surrogatmarker für das Ausmaß an Lipidperoxidation bestimmt. Weiterhin wurde in Erythrozyten das Gesamtglutathion und das oxidierte Glutathion bestimmt. Die oxidativen Stressparameter zeigten insgesamt nach einer initialen Zunahme im oxidativen Stress 6 Monate postoperativ eine rückläufige Tendenz im oxidativen Stress am Studienende. Somit geben die Beobachtungen dieser Arbeit Anlass zur Hoffnung, dass adipöse Patient*innen durch einen bariatrisch induzierten Gewichtsverlust von einer Verringerung des Krebsrisikos profitieren könnten. N2 - Obesity is a disease that is linked with a higher risk of cancer among other comorbidities of obese patients. Especially oxidative stress and DNA damage have been shown to play a major role in the pathogenesis of obesity associated cancers. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine the effect of a massive weight loss induced by bariatric surgery on oxidative stress and DNA damage in whole blood samples of obese patients at 6 and 12 month after bariatric surgery. In a subpopulation of the study population a tending decrease in DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes could be observed. Concerning oxidative stress parameters, determination of ferric-reducing antioxidative power and malondialdehyde levels as a marker for lipidperoxidation were carried out on plasma samples. Furthermore total and oxidised glutathione levels were determined in erythrocytes of patients. In synopsis oxidative stress parameters indicated an initial increase in oxidative stress 6 month after bariatric surgery and a decreasing trend at the end of the study. These findings give hope that obese patients may benefit from a reduced cancer risk through bariatric surgery induced weight loss. KW - Magenchirurgie KW - Adipositas KW - Oxidativer Stress KW - DNS-Schädigung KW - DNS-Schaden KW - bariatrische Chirurgie KW - DNA damage KW - bariatric surgery KW - oxidative stress Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-278354 N1 - Dieses Dokument wurde aus Datenschutzgründen - ohne inhaltliche Änderungen - erneut veröffentlicht; die ursprüngliche Veröffentlichung war am: 09.03.2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauer, Benedikt A1 - Mally, Angela A1 - Liedtke, Daniel T1 - Zebrafish embryos and larvae as alternative animal models for toxicity testing JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Prerequisite to any biological laboratory assay employing living animals is consideration about its necessity, feasibility, ethics and the potential harm caused during an experiment. The imperative of these thoughts has led to the formulation of the 3R-principle, which today is a pivotal scientific standard of animal experimentation worldwide. The rising amount of laboratory investigations utilizing living animals throughout the last decades, either for regulatory concerns or for basic science, demands the development of alternative methods in accordance with 3R to help reduce experiments in mammals. This demand has resulted in investigation of additional vertebrate species displaying favourable biological properties. One prominent species among these is the zebrafish (Danio rerio), as these small laboratory ray-finned fish are well established in science today and feature outstanding biological characteristics. In this review, we highlight the advantages and general prerequisites of zebrafish embryos and larvae before free-feeding stages for toxicological testing, with a particular focus on cardio-, neuro, hepato- and nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, we discuss toxicokinetics, current advances in utilizing zebrafish for organ toxicity testing and highlight how advanced laboratory methods (such as automation, advanced imaging and genetic techniques) can refine future toxicological studies in this species. KW - danio rerio KW - alternative methods KW - organ toxicity KW - 3R KW - transgenic animals Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284225 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 22 IS - 24 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M. A1 - Dussort, P. A1 - Günther, Helmut A1 - Hanlon, Paul A1 - Honda, Hiroshi A1 - Mally, Angela A1 - O'Hagan, Sue A1 - Scholz, Gabriele A1 - Seidel, Albrecht A1 - Swenberg, James A1 - Teeguarden, Justin A1 - Eisenbrand, Gerhard T1 - Exposure assessment of process-related contaminants in food by biomarker monitoring JF - Archives of Toxicology N2 - Exposure assessment is a fundamental part of the risk assessment paradigm, but can often present a number of challenges and uncertainties. This is especially the case for process contaminants formed during the processing, e.g. heating of food, since they are in part highly reactive and/or volatile, thus making exposure assessment by analysing contents in food unreliable. New approaches are therefore required to accurately assess consumer exposure and thus better inform the risk assessment. Such novel approaches may include the use of biomarkers, physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling-facilitated reverse dosimetry, and/or duplicate diet studies. This review focuses on the state of the art with respect to the use of biomarkers of exposure for the process contaminants acrylamide, 3-MCPD esters, glycidyl esters, furan and acrolein. From the overview presented, it becomes clear that the field of assessing human exposure to process-related contaminants in food by biomarker monitoring is promising and strongly developing. The current state of the art as well as the existing data gaps and challenges for the future were defined. They include (1) using PBK modelling and duplicate diet studies to establish, preferably in humans, correlations between external exposure and biomarkers; (2) elucidation of the possible endogenous formation of the process-related contaminants and the resulting biomarker levels; (3) the influence of inter-individual variations and how to include that in the biomarker-based exposure predictions; (4) the correction for confounding factors; (5) the value of the different biomarkers in relation to exposure scenario's and risk assessment, and (6) the possibilities of novel methodologies. In spite of these challenges it can be concluded that biomarker-based exposure assessment provides a unique opportunity to more accurately assess consumer exposure to process-related contaminants in food and thus to better inform risk assessment. KW - Dietary process-related contaminants KW - Biomarkers KW - External exposure assessment KW - Physiologically based kinetic models KW - Risk assessment Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-226268 VL - 92 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salinger, Tim A1 - Hu, Kai A1 - Liu, Dan A1 - Taleh, Scharoch A1 - Herrmann, Sebastian A1 - Oder, Daniel A1 - Gensler, Daniel A1 - Müntze, Jonas A1 - Ertl, Georg A1 - Lorenz, Kristina A1 - Frantz, Stefan A1 - Weidemann, Frank A1 - Nordbeck, Peter T1 - Association between Comorbidities and Progression of Transvalvular Pressure Gradients in Patients with Moderate and Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis JF - Cardiology Research and Practice N2 - Background. Fast progression of the transaortic mean gradient (P-mean) is relevant for clinical decision making of valve replacement in patients with moderate and severe aortic stenosis (AS) patients. However, there is currently little knowledge regarding the determinants affecting progression of transvalvular gradient in AS patients. Methods. This monocentric retrospective study included consecutive patients presenting with at least two transthoracic echocardiography examinations covering a time interval of one year or more between April 2006 and February 2016 and diagnosed as moderate or severe aortic stenosis at the final echocardiographic examination. Laboratory parameters, medication, and prevalence of eight known cardiac comorbidities and risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, peripheral artery occlusive disease, cerebrovascular disease, renal dysfunction, body mass index >= 30 Kg/m(2), and history of smoking) were analyzed. Patients were divided into slow (P-mean < 5 mmHg/year) or fast (P-mean >= 5 mmHg/year) progression groups. Results. A total of 402 patients (mean age 78 +/- 9.4 years, 58% males) were included in the study. Mean follow-up duration was 3.4 +/- 1.9 years. The average number of cardiac comorbidities and risk factors was 3.1 +/- 1.6. Average number of cardiac comorbidities and risk factors was higher in patients in slow progression group than in fast progression group (3.3 +/- 1.5 vs 2.9 +/- 1.7; P = 0.036). Patients in slow progression group had more often coronary heart disease (49.2% vs 33.6%; P = 0.003) compared to patients in fast progression group. LDL-cholesterol values were lower in the slow progression group (100 +/- 32.6 mg/dl vs 110.8 +/- 36.6 mg/dl; P = 0.005). Conclusion. These findings suggest that disease progression of aortic valve stenosis is faster in patients with fewer cardiac comorbidities and risk factors, especially if they do not have coronary heart disease. Further prospective studies are warranted to investigate the outcome of patients with slow versus fast progression of transvalvular gradient with regards to comorbidities and risk factors. KW - Valvular heart-desease KW - Prognostic impact KW - Risk-factors KW - Chronic heart-failure KW - Prevalence KW - mild KW - statins KW - therapy KW - mortality Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227291 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weigand, Isabel A1 - Ronchi, Cristina L. A1 - Rizk-Rabin, Marthe A1 - Dalmazi, Guido Di A1 - Wild, Vanessa A1 - Bathon, Kerstin A1 - Rubin, Beatrice A1 - Calebiro, Davide A1 - Beuschlein, Felix A1 - Bertherat, Jérôme A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Sbiera, Silviu T1 - Differential expression of the protein kinase A subunits in normal adrenal glands and adrenocortical adenomas JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Somatic mutations in protein kinase A catalytic α subunit (PRKACA) were found to be causative for 30-40% of cortisol-producing adenomas (CPA) of the adrenal gland, rendering PKA signalling constitutively active. In its resting state, PKA is a stable and inactive heterotetramer, consisting of two catalytic and two regulatory subunits with the latter inhibiting PKA activity. The human genome encodes three different PKA catalytic subunits and four different regulatory subunits that are preferentially expressed in different organs. In normal adrenal glands all regulatory subunits are expressed, while CPA exhibit reduced protein levels of the regulatory subunit IIβ. In this study, we linked for the first time the loss of RIIβ protein levels to the PRKACA mutation status and found the down-regulation of RIIβ to arise post-transcriptionally. We further found the PKA subunit expression pattern of different tumours is also present in the zones of the normal adrenal cortex and demonstrate that the different PKA subunits have a differential expression pattern in each zone of the normal adrenal gland, indicating potential specific roles of these subunits in the regulation of different hormones secretion. KW - kinases KW - immunohistochemistry Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157952 VL - 7 IS - 49 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bathe-Peters, Marc T1 - Spectroscopic approaches for the localization and dynamics of β\(_1\)- and β\(_2\)-adrenergic receptors in cardiomyocytes T1 - Spektroskopieansätze zur Bestimmung der Lokalisation und Dynamiken von β\(_1\)- und β\(_2\)-Adrenozeptoren in Kardiomyozyten N2 - In the heart the β\(_1\)-adrenergic receptor (AR) and the β\(_2\)-AR, two prototypical G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are both activated by the same hormones, namely adrenaline and noradrenaline. Both receptors couple to stimulatory G\(_s\) proteins, mediate an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and influence the contractility and frequency of the heart upon stimulation. However, activation of the β\(_1\)-AR, not the β\(_2\)-AR, lead to other additional effects, such as changes in gene transcription resulting in cardiac hypertrophy, leading to speculations on how distinct effects can arise from receptors coupled to the same downstream signaling pathway. In this thesis the question of whether this distinct behavior may originate from a differential localization of these two receptors in adult cardiomyocytes is addressed. Therefore, fluorescence spectroscopy tools are developed and implemented in order to elucidate the presence and dynamics of these endogenous receptors at the outer plasma membrane as well as on the T-tubular network of intact adult cardiomyocytes. This allows the visualization of confined localization and diffusion of the β\(_2\)-AR to the T-tubular network at endogenous expression. In contrast, the β\(_1\)-AR is found diffusing at both the outer plasma membrane and the T-tubules. Upon overexpression of the β\(_2\)-AR in adult transgenic cardiomyocytes, the receptors experience a loss of this compartmentalization and are also found at the cell surface. These data suggest that distinct signaling and functional effects can be controlled by specific cell surface targeting of the receptor subtypes. The tools at the basis of this thesis work are a fluorescent adrenergic antagonist in combination of fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy to monitor the localization and dynamics of the lowly expressed adrenergic receptors. Along the way to optimizing these approaches, I worked on combining widefield and confocal imaging in one setup, as well as implementing a stable autofocus mechanism using electrically tunable lenses. N2 - Im Herzen werden der β\(_1\)-adrenerge Rezeptor (AR) und der β\(_2\)-AR, zwei prototypische GPCR, durch die Hormone Adrenalin und Noradrenalin aktiviert. Dabei interagieren beide Rezeptoren mit dem stimulatorischen G\(_s\) Protein, bewirken eine Erhöhung des cyclischen Adenosinmonophosphates (cAMP) und beeinflussen die Kontraktionskraft und Frequenz des Herzens nach einem Stimulus. Jedoch hat die Aktivierung des β\(_1\)-ARs, nicht des β\(_2\)-ARs, auch weitere Effekte, wie z.B. Veränderungen in der Transkription von Genen. Dies wiederum führt zu Spekulationen, wie solch unterschiedliche Effekte von Rezeptoren hervorgerufen werden können, die gleiche Signalwege bedienen. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, ob dieses unterschiedliche Verhalten durch eine ungleiche Verteilung dieser beiden Rezeptoren in adulten Kardiomyozyten hervorgerufen werden könnte. Dazu wird die Lokalisation und die Dynamik dieser endogenen Rezeptoren in der Plasmamembran sowie im T-tubulären Netzwerk von intakten adulten Kardiomyozyten, unter Entwicklung und Verwendung hochsensitiver Fluoreszenzspektroskopiemethoden, bestimmt. Dies ermöglicht die örtliche und dynamische Eingrenzung des β\(_2\)-adrenergen Rezeptors unter endogener Expression ausschließlich auf das T-tubuläre Netzwerk. Dementgegen stellt sich heraus, dass sich der β\(_1\)-adrenerge Rezeptor ubiquitär auf der äußeren Membran und den T-Tubuli befindet und diffundiert. In β\(_2\)-AR überexprimierenden transgenen Kardiomyozyten hingegen werden diese Kompartments nicht beibehalten und es findet eine Umverteilung der Rezeptoren, auch unter Einbezug der Zelloberfläche, statt. Diese Daten können stärker darauf hindeuten, dass einige Rezeptorsubtypen sich gezielt und spezifisch bestimmte Zelloberflächen aussuchen, um somit ihre verschiedenen Signale und funktionären Effekte erzeugen zu können. Zu den Techniken, die in dieser Arbeit die Bestimmung der Lokalisation und der Dynamiken der niedrig exprimierten adrenergen Rezeptoren zulassen, gehört die Anwendung von Fluoreszenzspektroskopiemethoden in Kombination mit einem fluoreszierenden β-adrenergen Antagonisten. Weitere Techniken, die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelt wurden und in weiterführenden Studien aufschlussreiche Erkenntnisse liefern könnten, umfassen die Entwicklung eines Setups aus einer Kombination aus Weitfeld- und Konfokalmikroskopie und die Implementierung eines stabilen Autofokus mit Hilfe einer elektrisch veränderbaren Linse. KW - G-Protein gekoppelte Rezeptoren KW - Beta-Adrenozeptor KW - Kardiomyozyt KW - Fluoreszenzmikroskopie KW - Fluoreszenzkorrelationsspektroskopie KW - Fluorescence KW - Fluorescence Microscopy KW - G Protein-Coupled Receptor KW - Autofocus KW - Microscopy KW - Beta-Adrenergic Receptor KW - Cardiomyocyte KW - Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy KW - FCS KW - GPCR Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258126 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cheng, Cheng A1 - Othman, Eman M. A1 - Stopper, Helga A1 - Edrada-Ebel, RuAngelie A1 - Hentschel, Ute A1 - Abdelmohsen, Usama Ramadan T1 - Isolation of petrocidin A, a new cytotoxic cyclic dipeptide from the marine sponge-derived bacterium \(Streptomyces\) sp. SBT348 JF - Marine Drugs N2 - A new cyclic dipeptide, petrocidin A (\(\textbf{1}\)), along with three known compounds—2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (\(\textbf{2}\)), 2,3-dihydroxybenzamide (\(\textbf{3}\)), and maltol (\(\textbf{4}\))—were isolated from the solid culture of \(Streptomyces\) sp. SBT348. The strain \(Streptomyces\) sp. SBT348 had been prioritized in a strain collection of 64 sponge-associated actinomycetes based on its distinct metabolomic profile using liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The absolute configuration of all α-amino acids was determined by HPLC analysis after derivatization with Marfey’s reagent and comparison with commercially available reference amino acids. Structure elucidation was pursued in the presented study by mass spectrometry and NMR spectral data. Petrocidin A (\(\textbf{1}\)) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzamide (\(\textbf{3}\)) exhibited significant cytotoxicity towards the human promyelocytic HL-60 and the human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell lines. These results demonstrated the potential of sponge-associated actinomycetes for the discovery of novel and pharmacologically active natural products. KW - biology KW - sponges KW - actinomycetes KW - streptomyces KW - cyclic dipeptide KW - cytotoxic Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172644 VL - 15 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sedaghat-Hamedani, Farbod A1 - Rebs, Sabine A1 - Kayvanpour, Elham A1 - Zhu, Chenchen A1 - Amr, Ali A1 - Müller, Marion A1 - Haas, Jan A1 - Wu, Jingyan A1 - Steinmetz, Lars M. A1 - Ehlermann, Philipp A1 - Streckfuss-Bömeke, Katrin A1 - Frey, Norbert A1 - Meder, Benjamin T1 - Genotype complements the phenotype: identification of the pathogenicity of an LMNA splice variant by nanopore long-read sequencing in a large DCM family JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cause of heart failure (HF) and is of familial origin in 20–40% of cases. Genetic testing by next-generation sequencing (NGS) has yielded a definite diagnosis in many cases; however, some remain elusive. In this study, we used a combination of NGS, human-induced pluripotent-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and nanopore long-read sequencing to identify the causal variant in a multi-generational pedigree of DCM. A four-generation family with familial DCM was investigated. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on 22 family members. Skin biopsies from two affected family members were used to generate iPSCs, which were then differentiated into iPSC-CMs. Short-read RNA sequencing was used for the evaluation of the target gene expression, and long-read RNA nanopore sequencing was used to evaluate the relevance of the splice variants. The pedigree suggested a highly penetrant, autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The phenotype of the family was suggestive of laminopathy, but previous genetic testing using both Sanger and panel sequencing only yielded conflicting evidence for LMNA p.R644C (rs142000963), which was not fully segregated. By re-sequencing four additional affected family members, further non-coding LMNA variants could be detected: rs149339264, rs199686967, rs201379016, and rs794728589. To explore the roles of these variants, iPSC-CMs were generated. RNA sequencing showed the LMNA expression levels to be significantly lower in the iPSC-CMs of the LMNA variant carriers. We demonstrated a dysregulated sarcomeric structure and altered calcium homeostasis in the iPSC-CMs of the LMNA variant carriers. Using targeted nanopore long-read sequencing, we revealed the biological significance of the variant c.356+1G>A, which generates a novel 5′ splice site in exon 1 of the cardiac isomer of LMNA, causing a nonsense mRNA product with almost complete RNA decay and haploinsufficiency. Using novel molecular analysis and nanopore technology, we demonstrated the pathogenesis of the rs794728589 (c.356+1G>A) splice variant in LMNA. This study highlights the importance of precise diagnostics in the clinical management and workup of cardiomyopathies. KW - familial DCM KW - laminopathy KW - long-read sequencing KW - nanopore KW - induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-290415 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 23 IS - 20 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nemec, Katarina T1 - Modulation of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) signaling by receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) T1 - Regulierung der Signalübertragung des Parathormon 1-Rezeptors (PTH1R) durch Rezeptoraktivitäts-modifizierende Proteine (RAMPs) N2 - The receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are ubiquitously expressed membrane proteins that interact with several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest and pharmacologically most important family of cell surface receptors. RAMPs can regulate GPCR function in terms of ligand-binding, G-protein coupling, downstream signaling, trafficking, and recycling. The integrity of their interactions translates to many physiological functions or pathological conditions. Regardless of numerous reports on its essential importance for cell biology and pivotal role in (patho-)physiology, the molecular mechanism of how RAMPs modulate GPCR activation remained largely elusive. This work presents new insights that add to the common understanding of the allosteric regulation of receptor activation and will help interpret how accessory proteins - RAMPs - modulate activation dynamics and how this affects the fundamental aspects of cellular signaling. Using a prototypical class B GPCR, the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) in the form of advanced genetically encoded optical biosensors, I examined RAMP's impact on the PTH1R activation and signaling in intact cells. A panel of single-cell FRET and confocal microscopy experiments as well canonical and non-canonical functional assays were performed to get a holistic picture of the signaling initiation and transduction of that clinically and therapeutically relevant GPCR. Finally, structural modeling was performed to add molecular mechanistic details to that novel art of modulation. I describe here that RAMP2 acts as a specific allosteric modulator of PTH1R, shifting PTH1R to a unique pre-activated state that permits faster activation in a ligand-specific manner. Moreover, RAMP2 modulates PTH1R downstream signaling in an agonist-dependent manner, most notably increasing the PTH-mediated Gi3 signaling sensitivity and kinetics of cAMP accumulation. Additionally, RAMP2 increases PTH- and PTHrP-triggered β-arrestin2 recruitment to PTH1R and modulates cytosolic ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Structural homology modeling shows that structural motifs governing GPCR-RAMP interaction originate in allosteric hotspots and rationalize functional modulation. Moreover, to interpret the broader role of RAMP's modulation in GPCRs pharmacology, different fluorescent tools to investigate RAMP's spatial organization were developed, and novel conformational biosensors for class B GPCRs were engineered. Lastly, a high throughput assay is proposed and prototyped to expand the repertoire of RAMPs or other membrane protein interactors. These data uncover the critical role of RAMPs in GPCR activation and signaling and set up a novel platform for studying GPCR modulation. Furthermore, these insights may provide a new venue for precise modulation of GPCR function and advanced drug design. N2 - G Protein-gekoppelte Rezeptoren (GPCRs) bilden die größte und pharmakologisch wichtigste Familie von Zelloberflächenrezeptoren, die zahlreiche (patho-)physiologische Prozesse im menschlichen Körper steuern. GPCRs übertragen während des Rezeptoraktivierungsprozesses extrazelluläre Signale in das Zellinnere, wo durch die extrazelluläre Stimulation Konformationsänderungen des Rezeptorkerns auslöst und die Bindung intrazellulärer Bindungspartner – G Proteine, G Protein-gekoppelte Rezeptorkinase und Arrestine - ermöglicht. Es handelt sich also um einen kritischen Prozess in der Signaltransduktion, der durch einige endogene Moleküle wie Ionen, Lipide oder andere Proteine moduliert werden kann und Auswirkungen auf nachgeschaltete Signalkaskaden hat. GPCRs bilden gewebeabhängige Oligomere mit ihren interagierenden Partnern, Rezeptor-Aktivitäts-modifizierende Proteinen (RAMPs), ubiquitär exprimierten Membranproteinen. Bekannt ist, dass sie die Ligandenbindung, die G- Protein-Kopplung, die nachgeschaltete Signalisierung, das Trafficking und das Recycling einiger GPCRs modulieren. Ihre Rolle im kritischsten Prozess der Signaltransduktion - der Rezeptoraktivierung - wurde jedoch nur begrenzt erforscht. Anhand des physiologisch und therapeutisch wichtigen Parathormon-Rezeptors (PTH1R), einem GPCR der Klasse B, wurden die Modulationseffekte von RAMPs auf den Prozess der Rezeptoraktivierung und ihre Folgen für die nachgeschaltete Signalübertragung analysiert. Hierzu wurden verschiedene optische Biosensoren zur Messung der Aktivierung des PTH1R und seiner Signalkaskade entwickelt und in verschiedenen Versuchsanordnungen eingesetzt, mit dem Ziel einen holistischen Blick auf die Interaktion zwischen PTH1R und RAMPs und ihre funktionellen Auswirkungen zu erhalten. Die Interaktion zwischen PTH1R und RAMPs erwies sich als besonders ausgeprägt für RAMP2, und RAMP2 zeigte eine spezifische allosterische Modulation der PTH1R-Konformation, sowohl im basalen als auch im Liganden- aktivierten Zustand. Ein einzigartiger voraktivierter oder (meta-stabiler) Zustand ermöglichte eine schnellere Rezeptoraktivierung auf Liganden-spezifische Weise. Außerdem beeinflusste RAMP2 die G Protein- und Nicht-G Protein-vermittelte Signalübertragung indem es die PTH-vermittelte Gi3-Signalempfindlichkeit und die Kinetik der cAMP-Akkumulation modulierte. Weiterhin erhöhte RAMP2 die Menge der β-Arrestin2-Rekrutierung an PTH1R auf Liganden-spezifische Weise. Dies könnte mit einer erhöhten zytosolischen ERK-Menge zusammenhängen, die hat sich von der nukleären ERK-Phosphorylierung unterscheidet. Um einen molekularen Mechanismus für die vorgestellten Ergebnisse vorzuschlagen, wurden mehrere strukturelle Modelle entwickelt und analysiert. Diese Arbeit liefert den Beweis, dass RAMP die GPCR-Aktivierung mit funktionellen Auswirkungen auf die zelluläre Signalübertragung reguliert. Die Ergebnisse sollten im Zusammenhang mit zellspezifischen Koexpressionsmustern interpretiert werden und können zur Entwicklung von fortschrittlichen Therapeutika positiv beitragen. Da GPCRs praktisch alle Zellfunktionen koordinieren und seit jeher wichtigen Angriffspunkten für Medikamente sind, tragen die vorgestellten Erkenntnisse zum universellen Verständnis der molekularen Mechanismen bei, die den menschlichen Körper orchestrieren. KW - G-Protein gekoppelter Rezeptor KW - GPCR KW - RAMP KW - PTH1R KW - FRET KW - BRET KW - pharmacology KW - Fluoreszenz-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer KW - Förster Resonanz Energie Transfer Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-288588 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Nico A1 - Knierim, Maria A1 - Maurer, Wiebke A1 - Dybkova, Nataliya A1 - Hasenfuß, Gerd A1 - Sossalla, Samuel A1 - Streckfuss-Bömeke, Katrin T1 - Molecular and functional relevance of Na\(_V\)1.8-induced atrial arrhythmogenic triggers in a human SCN10A knock-out stem cell model JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - In heart failure and atrial fibrillation, a persistent Na\(^+\) current (I\(_{NaL}\)) exerts detrimental effects on cellular electrophysiology and can induce arrhythmias. We have recently shown that Na\(_V\)1.8 contributes to arrhythmogenesis by inducing a I\(_{NaL}\). Genome-wide association studies indicate that mutations in the SCN10A gene (Na\(_V\)1.8) are associated with increased risk for arrhythmias, Brugada syndrome, and sudden cardiac death. However, the mediation of these Na\(_V\)1.8-related effects, whether through cardiac ganglia or cardiomyocytes, is still a subject of controversial discussion. We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate homozygous atrial SCN10A-KO-iPSC-CMs. Ruptured-patch whole-cell patch-clamp was used to measure the I\(_{NaL}\) and action potential duration. Ca\(^{2+}\) measurements (Fluo 4-AM) were performed to analyze proarrhythmogenic diastolic SR Ca\(^{2+}\) leak. The I\(_{NaL}\) was significantly reduced in atrial SCN10A KO CMs as well as after specific pharmacological inhibition of Na\(_V\)1.8. No effects on atrial APD\(_{90}\) were detected in any groups. Both SCN10A KO and specific blockers of Na\(_V\)1.8 led to decreased Ca\(^{2+}\) spark frequency and a significant reduction of arrhythmogenic Ca\(^{2+}\) waves. Our experiments demonstrate that Na\(_V\)1.8 contributes to I\(_{NaL}\) formation in human atrial CMs and that Na\(_V\)1.8 inhibition modulates proarrhythmogenic triggers in human atrial CMs and therefore Na\(_V\)1.8 could be a new target for antiarrhythmic strategies. KW - Na\(_V\)1.8 KW - iPSC-cardiomyocytes KW - late Na\(^+\) current (I\(_{NaL}\)) KW - CRISPR Cas9 Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-362708 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 24 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lorenz, Kristina A1 - Rosner, Marsha Rich T1 - Harnessing RKIP to combat heart disease and cancer JF - Cancers N2 - Cancer and heart disease are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These diseases have common risk factors, common molecular signaling pathways that are central to their pathogenesis, and even some disease phenotypes that are interdependent. Thus, a detailed understanding of common regulators is critical for the development of new and synergistic therapeutic strategies. The Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) is a regulator of the cellular kinome that functions to maintain cellular robustness and prevent the progression of diseases including heart disease and cancer. Two of the key signaling pathways controlled by RKIP are the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling to protein kinase A (PKA), particularly in the heart, and the MAP kinase cascade Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 that regulates multiple diseases. The goal of this review is to discuss how we can leverage RKIP to suppress cancer without incurring deleterious effects on the heart. Specifically, we discuss: (1) How RKIP functions to either suppress or activate βAR (PKA) and ERK1/2 signaling; (2) How we can prevent cancer-promoting kinase signaling while at the same time avoiding cardiotoxicity. KW - RKIP KW - ERK1/2 KW - PKA KW - βAR KW - heart failure KW - cancer Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262185 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 14 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obidiegwu, Jude E. A1 - Lyons, Jessica B. A1 - Chilaka, Cynthia A. T1 - The Dioscorea genus (yam) — an appraisal of nutritional and therapeutic potentials JF - Foods N2 - The quest for a food secure and safe world has led to continuous effort toward improvements of global food and health systems. While the developed countries seem to have these systems stabilized, some parts of the world still face enormous challenges. Yam (Dioscorea species) is an orphan crop, widely distributed globally; and has contributed enormously to food security especially in sub-Saharan Africa because of its role in providing nutritional benefits and income. Additionally, yam has non-nutritional components called bioactive compounds, which offer numerous health benefits ranging from prevention to treatment of degenerative diseases. Pharmaceutical application of diosgenin and dioscorin, among other compounds isolated from yam, has shown more prospects recently. Despite the benefits embedded in yam, reports on the nutritional and therapeutic potentials of yam have been fragmented and the diversity within the genus has led to much confusion. An overview of the nutritional and health importance of yam will harness the crop to meet its potential towards combating hunger and malnutrition, while improving global health. This review makes a conscious attempt to provide an overview regarding the nutritional, bioactive compositions and therapeutic potentials of yam diversity. Insights on how to increase its utilization for a greater impact are elucidated. KW - yam KW - Dioscorea KW - nutritional composition KW - bioactive compounds KW - therapeutic potential Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213102 SN - 2304-8158 VL - 9 IS - 9 ER -