TY - JOUR A1 - Degenkolbe, Elisa A1 - König, Jana A1 - Zimmer, Julia A1 - Walther, Maria A1 - Reißner, Carsten A1 - Nickel, Joachim A1 - Plöger, Frank A1 - Raspopovic, Jelena A1 - Sharpe, James A1 - Dathe, Katharina A1 - Hecht, Jacqueline T. A1 - Mundlos, Stefan A1 - Doelken, Sandra C. A1 - Seemann, Petra T1 - A GDF5 Point Mutation Strikes Twice - Causing BDA1 and SYNS2 JF - PLOS Genetics N2 - Growth and Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5) is a secreted growth factor that belongs to the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) family and plays a pivotal role during limb development. GDF5 is a susceptibility gene for osteoarthritis (OA) and mutations in GDF5 are associated with a wide variety of skeletal malformations ranging from complex syndromes such as acromesomelic chondrodysplasias to isolated forms of brachydactylies or multiple synostoses syndrome 2 (SYNS2). Here, we report on a family with an autosomal dominant inherited combination of SYNS2 and additional brachydactyly type A1 (BDA1) caused by a single point mutation in GDF5 (p.W414R). Functional studies, including chondrogenesis assays with primary mesenchymal cells, luciferase reporter gene assays and Surface Plasmon Resonance analysis, of the GDF5 W-414R variant in comparison to other GDF5 mutations associated with isolated BDA1 (p.R399C) or SYNS2 (p.E491K) revealed a dual pathomechanism characterized by a gain-and loss-of-function at the same time. On the one hand insensitivity to the main GDF5 antagonist NOGGIN (NOG) leads to a GDF5 gain of function and subsequent SYNS2 phenotype. Whereas on the other hand, a reduced signaling activity, specifically via the BMP receptor type IA (BMPR1A), is likely responsible for the BDA1 phenotype. These results demonstrate that one mutation in the overlapping interface of antagonist and receptor binding site in GDF5 can lead to a GDF5 variant with pathophysiological relevance for both, BDA1 and SYNS2 development. Consequently, our study assembles another part of the molecular puzzle of how loss and gain of function mutations in GDF5 affect bone development in hands and feet resulting in specific types of brachydactyly and SYNS2. These novel insights into the biology of GDF5 might also provide further clues on the pathophysiology of OA. KW - dominant-negative mutatio KW - morphogenetic protein receptors KW - brachtydacyly type A2 KW - BMP KW - gene encoding noggin KW - growth factor beta KW - signal tranduction KW - molecular mechanism KW - crystal-structure KW - differentiation Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127556 SN - 1553-7404 VL - 9 IS - 10 ER - TY - GEN T1 - BLICK 2023 - Jahrbuch der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg BT - Wissenschaft für die Gesellschaft N2 - Die Entwicklung der Universität Würzburg im Jahr 2023. N2 - Annual Report of the University of Würzburg, 2023. T3 - Blick : die Jahrbücher der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg - 2023 KW - Bericht KW - Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg KW - Jahresbericht KW - annual report KW - Wuerzburg KW - Wurzburg Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-361103 UR - https://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/presse/jmu/publikationen/jahresberichte/ SN - 2192-1431 VL - 2023 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ries, Stefan T1 - Versuche zur Totalsynthese von Pseudodistomin C und E - Ein neuer Syntheseweg T1 - An Approach to the Total Synthesis of Pseudodistomine C and E - A New Synthetic Pathway N2 - Die Pseudodistomine gehören zu den ersten Piperidinalkaloiden marinen Ursprungs, die 1987 von Ishibashi et al. aus der Tunikate (Ascidie) Pseudodistoma kanoko isoliert wurden. Aus der gleichen Tunikate wurde 1995 das Pseudodistomin C isoliert. Die amphiphilen Piperidinalkaloide zeigen eine Antitumor-Aktivität gegen bestimmte Mäuseleukämiezellen, wobei Pseudodistomin C auch eine Cytotoxizität gegen menschliche HeLa-abgeleitete Krebszellen KB aufweist. In der Einleitung wird ausführlich auf Vorkommen, Struktur, Biogenese, pharmakologische Perspektiven und literaturbekannten Synthesen dieser amphiphilen Piperidin-Alkaloide eingegangen. Im Hauptteil wird zunächst eine gescheiterte Synthese ausgehend von D-Ribose über das Konzept einer Tandem Wittig-[3+2]-Cycloaddition beschrieben. Daraufhin wird ein völlig neuer Syntheseweg vorgestellt, welcher den formalen Aufbau des Pseudodistomin C über einen bekannten Piperidin-Grundkörper ermöglich. Des weiteren konnte das vollständig geschützte Pseudodistomin E synthetisiert werden. N2 - Pseudodistomines belong to the first known piperidine alkaloids of marine origin, isolated by Ishibashi et al. from the tunicate (ascidie) pseudodistoma kanoko in 1987. From the same tunicate Pseudodistomin C was isolated in 1995. The amphiphilic piperidin alkaloids show an antitumor activity against certain leukemic cells derived from mice, whereas Pseudodistomin C also exhibits an antitumor activity against human HeLa-derived cancer cells KB. The introduction goes into details about occurrence, structure, biogenesis, pharmacological perspectives and literature known synthesis of these amphiphilic piperidine alkaloids. The main part starts with a failed synthesis based on D-ribose by the concept of a tandem wittig-[3+2]-cycloaddition. Consequently an entirely new synthesis pathway is presented, which enables the formal buildup of Pseudodistomin C by a known piperidine compound. Furthermore I was able to synthesize the fully protected Pseudodistomin E. KW - Piperidin KW - Piperidinderivate KW - Totalsynthese KW - Dissertation KW - Sphingosin KW - Lactone KW - Asymmetrische Synthese KW - Piperidinalkaloide KW - Manteltiere KW - Cytotoxizität KW - Pseudodistomine KW - Stereoselektive Synthese KW - Tandem-Reaktion KW - Wittig-Reaktion KW - Cycload KW - Pseudodistomin C KW - Pseudodistomin E KW - 2-(Phenylsulfonylmethyl)-piperidin KW - Tandem Wittig-[3+2]-Cycloaddition KW - stereoselektive Synthese KW - pseudodistomine C KW - pseudodistomine E KW - 2-(Phenylsulfonylmethyl)-piperidine KW - tandem Wittig-[3+2]-cycloaddition reaction KW - stereoselective synthesis Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-39931 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - einBlick - Ausgabe 22 - 04. Juni 2013 N2 - Nachrichten aus der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg KW - Würzburg KW - Universität KW - University KW - Wuerzburg KW - Wurzburg Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78249 VL - 22/2013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - einBlick - Ausgabe 38 - 03. November 2015 N2 - einBlick - Ausgabe 37 - 27. Oktober 2015 KW - Würzburg KW - Universität KW - Wurzburg KW - Wuerzburg KW - University Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-124510 UR - http://www.presse.uni-wuerzburg.de/einblick/ VL - 38/2015 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - einBlick - Ausgabe 05 - 08. Februar 2011 N2 - Nachrichten aus der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg KW - Würzburg KW - Universität KW - University KW - Wuerzburg KW - Wurzburg Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54562 VL - 05/2011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Campus Uni Würzburg September 2016 T2 - Campus Uni Würzburg N2 - Wie Maschinen Menschen werden: Roboter, die kochen, ein Glas Wasser eingießen oder uns baden? Klingt nach Science-Fiction? Medieninformatikerin Birgit Lugrin arbeitet daran, dass es Realität wird. KW - Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg KW - Universität Würzburg Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-139588 UR - http://www.presse.uni-wuerzburg.de/publikationen/campus/ VL - 09/2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kleinecke, Sophie T1 - Antikenrezeption in Corneilles Médée T1 - The reception of ancient writers in Corneille’s Médée N2 - Pierre Corneille (1606-1684) gehört neben Racine (1639-1699) und Molière (1622-1673) zu den drei großen Autoren des klassischen französischen Theaters. Seine erste Tragödie "Médée" wurde von Publikum und Kritikern zurückgewiesen. Corneille hatte seinen typischen Stil noch nicht entwickelt: Das Drama oszilliert zwischen Komödie und Tragödie, ist einerseits dem Handlungstheater des Barock verpflichtet und wahrt andererseits die Einheiten der "doctrine classique". Der französische Dramatiker rezipiert in seinem Stück den griechischen Tragiker Euripides (480-406 v. Chr.) und den römischen Autor Seneca (1-65 n. Chr.). Gerade den Stil Senecas ahmt er nach. Dieses Buch soll einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis der französischen Klassik leisten: Zwar spielt die direkte Rezeption der senecanischen Tragödie eine wichtige Rolle für das klassische französische Drama, doch Form und dramatische Technik resultierten vor allem aus der Beschäftigung mit antiken Poetiken. N2 - Besides Racine (1639-1699) and Molière (1622-1673), Pierre Corneille (1606-1684) is one of the three greatest authors of classical French theatre. His first tragedy Médée was rejected by critics and the audience. Corneille had not developed his typical style yet: The drama oscillates between comedy and tragedy; on the one hand, it is rich in action like baroque plays and on the other hand, it sticks to the formal unities established by the doctrine classique. In Médée, the French playwright adopts ideas from the Greek tragedian Euripides (480-406 B.C.) and the Roman author Seneca (1-65 A.D.). It is Seneca’s style that he imitates in particular. This book would like to contribute to a better understanding of classical French literature: The direct reception of Seneca’s tragedies really plays an important role for the classical French drama, its form and its dramatic technique, however, are mostly the result the of an intense reading of ancient poetics. KW - Antike KW - Euripides KW - Rezeption KW - Seneca KW - Euripides KW - Tragedy KW - Reception KW - Drama KW - Seneca KW - Corneille KW - Corneille, Pierre <1606-1684> KW - Tragödie KW - Lucius Annaeus Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-79289 SN - 978-3-86309-143-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - einBlick - Ausgabe 36 - 08. Oktober 2013 N2 - Nachrichten aus der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg KW - Würzburg KW - Universität KW - University KW - Wuerzburg KW - Wurzburg Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-90639 UR - http://www.presse.uni-wuerzburg.de/einblick/ VL - 36/2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munawar, Umair A1 - Zhou, Xiang A1 - Prommersberger, Sabrina A1 - Nerreter, Silvia A1 - Vogt, Cornelia A1 - Steinhardt, Maximilian J. A1 - Truger, Marietta A1 - Mersi, Julia A1 - Teufel, Eva A1 - Han, Seungbin A1 - Haertle, Larissa A1 - Banholzer, Nicole A1 - Eiring, Patrick A1 - Danhof, Sophia A1 - Navarro-Aguadero, Miguel Angel A1 - Fernandez-Martin, Adrian A1 - Ortiz-Ruiz, Alejandra A1 - Barrio, Santiago A1 - Gallardo, Miguel A1 - Valeri, Antonio A1 - Castellano, Eva A1 - Raab, Peter A1 - Rudert, Maximilian A1 - Haferlach, Claudia A1 - Sauer, Markus A1 - Hudecek, Michael A1 - Martinez-Lopez, J. A1 - Waldschmidt, Johannes A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Rasche, Leo A1 - Kortüm, K. Martin T1 - Impaired FADD/BID signaling mediates cross-resistance to immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma JF - Communications Biology N2 - The treatment landscape in multiple myeloma (MM) is shifting from genotoxic drugs to immunotherapies. Monoclonal antibodies, immunoconjugates, T-cell engaging antibodies and CART cells have been incorporated into routine treatment algorithms, resulting in improved response rates. Nevertheless, patients continue to relapse and the underlying mechanisms of resistance remain poorly understood. While Impaired death receptor signaling has been reported to mediate resistance to CART in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, this mechanism yet remains to be elucidated in context of novel immunotherapies for MM. Here, we describe impaired death receptor signaling as a novel mechanism of resistance to T-cell mediated immunotherapies in MM. This resistance seems exclusive to novel immunotherapies while sensitivity to conventional anti-tumor therapies being preserved in vitro. As a proof of concept, we present a confirmatory clinical case indicating that the FADD/BID axis is required for meaningful responses to novel immunotherapies thus we report impaired death receptor signaling as a novel resistance mechanism to T-cell mediated immunotherapy in MM. KW - immunotherapy KW - translational research Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357609 VL - 6 ER - TY - THES A1 - Maier-Unverfehrt, Kristin T1 - Der Hygieniker und Medizinhistoriker Georg Sticker (1860-1960) - Leben und Werk T1 - The hygienist and medical historian Georg Sticker (1860-1960) - Life and work N2 - Georg Sticker war Arzt, Hochschullehrer, Hygieniker und Medizinhistoriker. Das Themenspektrum seiner Arbeiten ist sehr umfangreich. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit liegt auf seinen Hauptforschungsgebieten, der Medizingeschichte und hier vor allem auf der Seuchengeschichte zu Pest, Lepra und Syphilis und der Bedeutung der Geschichte der Epidemien für die Epidemiologie; sowie seinen großen ärztlichen Vorbildern Hippokrates und Paracelsus. Auch über Naturheilkunst und Gesundheit und Erziehung berichtet er mit großem Engagement.Nach seiner Berufung an die Universität Würzburg beendet er seine ärztliche Tätigkeit, gründet hier im Jahr 1921 das Institut für Geschichte der Medizin und widmet sich ganz der Medizingeschichte N2 - Georg Sticker was a doctor, university lecturer, hygienist and medical historian.The range of topics of his work is very extensive. The focus of his work is on his main areas of research, the history of medicine and here especially on the epidemic history of plague, leprosy and syphilis and the significance of the history of epidemics for epidemiology, as well, as his great medical role models Hypocrates and Paracelsus. He also reports with great commitment on naturopathy and health and education. After his appointment to the university of Würzburg, he ended his medical practice and founded the Institute for the History of Medicine here in 1921 and devoted himself entirely to the history of medicine. KW - Sticker, Georg KW - Medizinhistoriker KW - Seuchengeschichte KW - Pest KW - Syphilis KW - Hypokrates und Paracelsus KW - medical historian KW - epidemic history KW - plague KW - syphilis KW - Hypocrates and Paracelsus Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-299135 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - einBlick - Ausgabe 21 - 31. Mai 2011 N2 - Nachrichten aus der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg KW - Würzburg KW - Universität KW - University KW - Wuerzburg KW - Wurzburg Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-56909 VL - 21/2011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - einBlick - Ausgabe 28 - 19. Juli 2016 N2 - Nachrichten aus der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg KW - Wurzburg KW - Wuerzburg KW - University KW - Würzburg KW - Universität Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-138397 UR - http://www.presse.uni-wuerzburg.de/einblick/ VL - 28/2016 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blick - das Magazin der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg. Ausgabe 2/1996. Schwerpunktthema: Selektive Reaktionen Metall-aktivierter Moleküle N2 - Inhaltsübersicht zum Schwerpunktthema: - Wozu Metalle nützlich sein können - Ein Beitrag zur "grünen Chemie" - Der gezielte Aufbau "chiraler Achsen" - Selektiver Aufbau von Naturstoffen mit Hilfe von Metallkomplexen - Dynamik des Energietransportes innerhalb von Molekülen - Von Erdöl über Kohlenwasserstoffe zu interessanten Zielmolekülen u.a. KW - Würzburg KW - Universität KW - Zeitschrift KW - Metall KW - Chmie Y1 - 1996 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-44945 VL - 2/1996 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - einBlick - Ausgabe 19 – 16. Mai 2023 T2 - einBlick N2 - Nachrichten aus der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg KW - Universität KW - Würzburg KW - University KW - Wuerzburg KW - Wurzburg Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-316519 UR - https://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/aktuelles/einblick/ VL - 19/2023 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - einBlick - Ausgabe 15 - 28. April 2015 N2 - Nachrichten aus der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg KW - Würzburg KW - Universität KW - Wurzburg KW - Wuerzburg KW - University Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-112404 UR - http://www.presse.uni-wuerzburg.de/einblick/ VL - 15/2015 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - einBlick - Ausgabe 34 – 26. September 2023 T2 - einBlick N2 - Nachrichten aus der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg KW - Universität KW - Würzburg KW - University KW - Wuerzburg KW - Wurzburg Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-327998 UR - https://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/aktuelles/einblick/ VL - 34/2023 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - einBlick - Ausgabe 29 - 25. Juli 2017 N2 - Nachrichten aus der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg KW - Universität KW - Würzburg KW - University KW - Wuerzburg KW - Wurzburg Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-160339 UR - https://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/aktuelles/einblick/ VL - 29/2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tony, Hans-Peter A1 - Burmester, Gerd A1 - Schulze-Koops, Hendrik A1 - Grunke, Mathias A1 - Henes, Joerg A1 - Kötter, Ina A1 - Haas, Judith A1 - Unger, Leonore A1 - Lovric, Svjetlana A1 - Haubitz, Marion A1 - Fischer-Betz, Rebecca A1 - Chehab, Gamal A1 - Rubbert-Roth, Andrea A1 - Specker, Christof A1 - Weinerth, Jutta A1 - Holle, Julia A1 - Müller-Ladner, Ulf A1 - König, Ramona A1 - Fiehn, Christoph A1 - Burgwinkel, Philip A1 - Budde, Klemens A1 - Sörensen, Helmut A1 - Meurer, Michael A1 - Aringer, Martin A1 - Kieseier, Bernd A1 - Erfurt-Berge, Cornelia A1 - Sticherling, Michael A1 - Veelken, Roland A1 - Ziemann, Ulf A1 - Strutz, Frank A1 - von Wussow, Praxis A1 - Meier, Florian MP A1 - Hunzelmann, Nico A1 - Schmidt, Enno A1 - Bergner, Raoul A1 - Schwarting, Andreas A1 - Eming, Rüdiger A1 - Schwarz-Eywill, Michael A1 - Wassenberg, Siegfried A1 - Fleck, Martin A1 - Metzler, Claudia A1 - Zettl, Uwe A1 - Westphal, Jens A1 - Heitmann, Stefan A1 - Herzog, Anna L. A1 - Wiendl, Heinz A1 - Jakob, Waltraud A1 - Schmidt, Elvira A1 - Freivogel, Klaus A1 - Dörner, Thomas A1 - Hertl, Michael A1 - Stadler, Rudolf T1 - Safety and clinical outcomes of rituximab therapy in patients with different autoimmune diseases: experience from a national registry (GRAID) JF - Arthritis Research & Therapy N2 - Introduction: Evidence from a number of open-label, uncontrolled studies has suggested that rituximab may benefit patients with autoimmune diseases who are refractory to standard-of-care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical outcomes of rituximab in several standard-of-care-refractory autoimmune diseases (within rheumatology, nephrology, dermatology and neurology) other than rheumatoid arthritis or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in a real-life clinical setting. Methods: Patients who received rituximab having shown an inadequate response to standard-of-care had their safety and clinical outcomes data retrospectively analysed as part of the German Registry of Autoimmune Diseases. The main outcome measures were safety and clinical response, as judged at the discretion of the investigators. Results: A total of 370 patients (299 patient-years) with various autoimmune diseases (23.0% with systemic lupus erythematosus, 15.7% antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated granulomatous vasculitides, 15.1% multiple sclerosis and 10.0% pemphigus) from 42 centres received a mean dose of 2,440 mg of rituximab over a median (range) of 194 (180 to 1,407) days. The overall rate of serious infections was 5.3 per 100 patient-years during rituximab therapy. Opportunistic infections were infrequent across the whole study population, and mostly occurred in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. There were 11 deaths (3.0% of patients) after rituximab treatment (mean 11.6 months after first infusion, range 0.8 to 31.3 months), with most of the deaths caused by infections. Overall (n = 293), 13.3% of patients showed no response, 45.1% showed a partial response and 41.6% showed a complete response. Responses were also reflected by reduced use of glucocorticoids and various immunosuppressives during rituximab therapy and follow-up compared with before rituximab. Rituximab generally had a positive effect on patient well-being (physician’s visual analogue scale; mean improvement from baseline of 12.1 mm) KW - GRAID Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-142856 VL - 13 IS - R75 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vikuk, Veronika A1 - Fuchs, Benjamin A1 - Krischke, Markus A1 - Mueller, Martin J. A1 - Rueb, Selina A1 - Krauss, Jochen T1 - Alkaloid Concentrations of Lolium perenne Infected with Epichloë festucae var. lolii with Different Detection Methods—A Re-Evaluation of Intoxication Risk in Germany? JF - Journal of Fungi N2 - Mycotoxins in agriculturally used plants can cause intoxication in animals and can lead to severe financial losses for farmers. The endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae var. lolii living symbiotically within the cool season grass species Lolium perenne can produce vertebrate and invertebrate toxic alkaloids. Hence, an exact quantitation of alkaloid concentrations is essential to determine intoxication risk for animals. Many studies use different methods to detect alkaloid concentrations, which complicates the comparability. In this study, we showed that alkaloid concentrations of individual plants exceeded toxicity thresholds on real world grasslands in Germany, but not on the population level. Alkaloid concentrations on five German grasslands with high alkaloid levels peaked in summer but were also below toxicity thresholds on population level. Furthermore, we showed that alkaloid concentrations follow the same seasonal trend, regardless of whether plant fresh or dry weight was used, in the field and in a common garden study. However, alkaloid concentrations were around three times higher when detected with dry weight. Finally, we showed that alkaloid concentrations can additionally be biased to different alkaloid detection methods. We highlight that toxicity risks should be analyzed using plant dry weight, but concentration trends of fresh weight are reliable. KW - Epichloë KW - Lolium perenne KW - toxicity KW - grasslands KW - HPLC/UPLC methods KW - endophyte KW - plant fresh/dry weight KW - alkaloid detection methods KW - mycotoxins KW - phenology Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213171 SN - 2309-608X VL - 6 IS - 3 ER -