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Dispersal timing: Emigration of insects living in patchy environments
Please always quote using this URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126466
- Dispersal is a life-history trait affecting dynamics and persistence of populations; it evolves under various known selective pressures. Theoretical studies on dispersal typically assume 'natal dispersal', where individuals emigrate right after birth. But emigration may also occur during a later moment within a reproductive season ('breeding dispersal'). For example, some female butterflies first deposit eggs in their natal patch before migrating to other site(s) to continue egg-laying there. How breeding compared to natal dispersal influencesDispersal is a life-history trait affecting dynamics and persistence of populations; it evolves under various known selective pressures. Theoretical studies on dispersal typically assume 'natal dispersal', where individuals emigrate right after birth. But emigration may also occur during a later moment within a reproductive season ('breeding dispersal'). For example, some female butterflies first deposit eggs in their natal patch before migrating to other site(s) to continue egg-laying there. How breeding compared to natal dispersal influences the evolution of dispersal has not been explored. To close this gap we used an individual-based simulation approach to analyze (i) the evolution of timing of breeding dispersal in annual organisms, (ii) its influence on dispersal (compared to natal dispersal). Furthermore, we tested (iii) its performance in direct evolutionary contest with individuals following a natal dispersal strategy. Our results show that evolution should typically result in lower dispersal under breeding dispersal, especially when costs of dispersal are low and population size is small. By distributing offspring evenly across two patches, breeding dispersal allows reducing direct sibling competition in the next generation whereas natal dispersal can only reduce trans-generational kin competition by producing highly dispersive offspring in each generation. The added benefit of breeding dispersal is most prominent in patches with small population sizes. Finally, the evolutionary contests show that a breeding dispersal strategy would universally out-compete natal dispersal.…
Author: | Milica Lakovic, Hans-Joachim Poethke, Thomas Hovestadt |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126466 |
Document Type: | Journal article |
Faculties: | Fakultät für Biologie / Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften |
Language: | English |
Parent Title (English): | PLoS One |
Year of Completion: | 2015 |
Volume: | 10 |
Issue: | 7 |
Pagenumber: | e0128672 |
Source: | PLoS ONE 10(7): e0128672. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128672 |
DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128672 |
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen: | Ökologische Station, Fabrikschleichach |
Dewey Decimal Classification: | 5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 57 Biowissenschaften; Biologie / 577 Ökologie |
Tag: | animal migration; animal sexual behavior; carrying capacity; habitats; insects; moths and butterflies; organismal evolution; statistical disperison |
Release Date: | 2016/02/01 |
Collections: | Open-Access-Publikationsfonds / Förderzeitraum 2015 |
Licence (German): | CC BY: Creative-Commons-Lizenz: Namensnennung |