B Chromosomes and Sex in Animals
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- Supernumerary (B) chromosomes are dispensable elements found in many eukaryote genomes in addition to standard (A) chromosomes. In many respects, B chromosomes resemble sex chromosomes, so that a common ancestry for them has frequently been suggested. For instance, B chromosomes in grasshoppers, and other insects, show a pycnotic cycle of condensation-decondensation during meiosis remarkably similar to that of the X chromosome. In some cases, B chromosome size is even very similar to that of the X chromosome. These resemblances have led toSupernumerary (B) chromosomes are dispensable elements found in many eukaryote genomes in addition to standard (A) chromosomes. In many respects, B chromosomes resemble sex chromosomes, so that a common ancestry for them has frequently been suggested. For instance, B chromosomes in grasshoppers, and other insects, show a pycnotic cycle of condensation-decondensation during meiosis remarkably similar to that of the X chromosome. In some cases, B chromosome size is even very similar to that of the X chromosome. These resemblances have led to suggest the X as the B ancestor in many cases. In addition, sex chromosome origin from B chromosomes has also been suggested. In this article, we review the existing evidence for both evolutionary pathways, as well as sex differences for B frequency at adult and embryo progeny levels, B chromosome effects or B chromosome transmission. In addition, we review cases found in the literature showing sex-ratio distortion associated with B chromosome presence, the most extreme case being the paternal sex ratio (PSR) chromosomes in some Hymenoptera. We finally analyse the possibility of B chromosome regularisation within the host genome and, as a consequence of it, whether B chromosomes can become regular members of the host genome.…
Autor(en): | J.P.M. Camacho, M. Schmid, J. Cabrero |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196321 |
Dokumentart: | Artikel / Aufsatz in einer Zeitschrift |
Institute der Universität: | Medizinische Fakultät / Institut für Humangenetik |
Sprache der Veröffentlichung: | Englisch |
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes / der Zeitschrift (Englisch): | Sexual Development |
ISSN: | 1661-5425 |
ISSN: | 1661-5433 |
Erscheinungsjahr: | 2011 |
Band / Jahrgang: | 5 |
Heft / Ausgabe: | 3 |
Seitenangabe: | 155-166 |
Originalveröffentlichung / Quelle: | Sexual Development 2011;58(3):155–166. DOI: 10.1159/000324930 |
DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1159/000324930 |
PubMed-ID: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21430369 |
Allgemeine fachliche Zuordnung (DDC-Klassifikation): | 6 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / 61 Medizin und Gesundheit / 610 Medizin und Gesundheit |
Freie Schlagwort(e): | A chromosomes; B chromosomes; X chromosome; sex ratio |
Datum der Freischaltung: | 20.08.2021 |
Datum der Erstveröffentlichung: | 23.03.2011 |
Anmerkungen: | This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. |
Lizenz (Deutsch): | Deutsches Urheberrecht |