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Occurrence of mental illness and mental health risks among the self-employed: a systematic review
Please always quote using this URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245085
- We aimed to systematically identify and evaluate all studies of good quality that compared the occurrence of mental disorders in the self-employed versus employees. Adhering to the Cochrane guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and searched three major medical databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase), complemented by hand search. We included 26 (three longitudinal and 23 cross-sectional) population-based studies of good quality (using a validated quality assessment tool), with data from 3,128,877 participants in total. The longest ofWe aimed to systematically identify and evaluate all studies of good quality that compared the occurrence of mental disorders in the self-employed versus employees. Adhering to the Cochrane guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and searched three major medical databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase), complemented by hand search. We included 26 (three longitudinal and 23 cross-sectional) population-based studies of good quality (using a validated quality assessment tool), with data from 3,128,877 participants in total. The longest of these studies, a Swedish national register evaluation with 25 years follow-up, showed a higher incidence of mental illness among the self-employed compared to white-collar workers, but a lower incidence compared to blue-collar workers. In the second longitudinal study from Sweden the self-employed had a lower incidence of mental illness compared to both blue- and white-collar workers over 15 years, whereas the third longitudinal study (South Korea) did not find a difference regarding the incidence of depressive symptoms over 6 years. Results from the cross-sectional studies showed associations between self-employment and poor general mental health and stress, but were inconsistent regarding other mental outcomes. Most studies from South Korea found a higher prevalence of mental disorders among the self-employed compared to employees, whereas the results of cross-sectional studies from outside Asia were less consistent. In conclusion, we found evidence from population-based studies for a link between self-employment and increased risk of mental illness. Further longitudinal studies are needed examining the potential risk for the development of mental disorders in specific subtypes of the self-employed.…
Author: | Kristina Willeke, Patrick Janson, Katharina Zink, Carolin Stupp, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Anne Berghöfer, Thomas Ewert, Ryan King, Peter U. Heuschmann, Andreas Zapf, Manfred Wildner, Thomas Keil |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245085 |
Document Type: | Journal article |
Faculties: | Medizinische Fakultät / Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie |
Medizinische Fakultät / Institut für Klinische Epidemiologie und Biometrie | |
Language: | English |
Parent Title (English): | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
ISSN: | 1660-4601 |
Year of Completion: | 2021 |
Volume: | 18 |
Issue: | 16 |
Article Number: | 8617 |
Source: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2021) 18:16, 8617. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168617 |
DOI: | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168617 |
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen: | Clinical Trial Center (CTC) / Zentrale für Klinische Studien Würzburg (ZKSW) |
Dewey Decimal Classification: | 6 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / 61 Medizin und Gesundheit / 610 Medizin und Gesundheit |
Tag: | incidence; mental disorders; mental health; mental illness; prevalence; self-employed; small business; systematic review |
Release Date: | 2023/05/25 |
Date of first Publication: | 2021/08/15 |
Licence (German): | CC BY: Creative-Commons-Lizenz: Namensnennung 4.0 International |