The hidden enemy within: non-canonical peptides in virus-induced autoimmunity
Please always quote using this URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-263053
- Viruses play a key role in explaining the pathogenesis of various autoimmune disorders, whose underlying principle is defined by the activation of autoreactive T-cells. In many cases, T-cells escape self-tolerance due to the failure in encountering certain MHC-I self-peptide complexes at substantial levels, whose peptides remain invisible from the immune system. Over the years, contribution of unstable defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) in immunosurveillance has gained prominence. A class of unstable products emerge from non-canonicalViruses play a key role in explaining the pathogenesis of various autoimmune disorders, whose underlying principle is defined by the activation of autoreactive T-cells. In many cases, T-cells escape self-tolerance due to the failure in encountering certain MHC-I self-peptide complexes at substantial levels, whose peptides remain invisible from the immune system. Over the years, contribution of unstable defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) in immunosurveillance has gained prominence. A class of unstable products emerge from non-canonical translation and processing of unannotated mammalian and viral ORFs and their peptides are cryptic in nature. Indeed, high throughput sequencing and proteomics have revealed that a substantial portion of our genomes comprise of non-canonical ORFs, whose generation is significantly modulated during disease. Many of these ORFs comprise short ORFs (sORFs) and upstream ORFs (uORFs) that resemble DRiPs and may hence be preferentially presented. Here, we discuss how such products, normally “hidden” from the immune system, become abundant in viral infections activating autoimmune T-cells, by discussing their emerging role in infection and disease. Finally, we provide a perspective on how these mechanisms can explain several autoimmune disorders in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.…
Author: | Manivel Lodha, Florian Erhard, Lars Dölken, Bhupesh K. Prusty |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-263053 |
Document Type: | Journal article |
Faculties: | Medizinische Fakultät / Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie |
Language: | English |
Parent Title (English): | Frontiers in Microbiology |
ISSN: | 1664-302X |
Year of Completion: | 2022 |
Volume: | 13 |
Article Number: | 840911 |
Source: | Frontiers in Microbiology (2022) 13:840911. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.840911 |
DOI: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.840911 |
Dewey Decimal Classification: | 6 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / 61 Medizin und Gesundheit / 610 Medizin und Gesundheit |
Tag: | COVID-19; autoimmunity; cryptic peptides; defective ribosomal products; non-canonical translation; viruses |
Release Date: | 2023/03/29 |
Date of first Publication: | 2022/02/10 |
Open-Access-Publikationsfonds / Förderzeitraum 2022 | |
Licence (German): | CC BY: Creative-Commons-Lizenz: Namensnennung 4.0 International |