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Functional and structural characterization of axonal opioid receptors as targets for analgesia

Please always quote using this URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-145917
  • Background Opioids are the gold standard for the treatment of acute pain despite serious side effects in the central and enteric nervous system. µ-opioid receptors (MOPs) are expressed and functional at the terminals of sensory axons, when activated by exogenous or endogenous ligands. However, the presence and function of MOP along nociceptive axons remains controversial particularly in naïve animals. Here, we characterized axonal MOPs by immunofluorescence, ultrastructural, and functional analyses. Furthermore, we evaluated hypertonic salineBackground Opioids are the gold standard for the treatment of acute pain despite serious side effects in the central and enteric nervous system. µ-opioid receptors (MOPs) are expressed and functional at the terminals of sensory axons, when activated by exogenous or endogenous ligands. However, the presence and function of MOP along nociceptive axons remains controversial particularly in naïve animals. Here, we characterized axonal MOPs by immunofluorescence, ultrastructural, and functional analyses. Furthermore, we evaluated hypertonic saline as a possible enhancer of opioid receptor function. Results Comparative immunolabeling showed that, among several tested antibodies, which all provided specific MOP detection in the rat central nervous system (CNS), only one monoclonal MOP-antibody yielded specificity and reproducibility for MOP detection in the rat peripheral nervous system including the sciatic nerve. Double immunolabeling documented that MOP immunoreactivity was confined to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) positive fibers and fiber bundles. Almost identical labeling and double labeling patterns were found using mcherry-immunolabeling on sciatic nerves of mice producing a MOP-mcherry fusion protein (MOP-mcherry knock-in mice). Preembedding immunogold electron microscopy on MOP-mcherry knock-in sciatic nerves indicated presence of MOP in cytoplasm and at membranes of unmyelinated axons. Application of [D-Ala\(^2\), N-MePhe\(^4\), Gly-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) or fentanyl dose-dependently inhibited depolarization-induced CGRP release from rat sciatic nerve axons ex vivo, which was blocked by naloxone. When the lipophilic opioid fentanyl was applied perisciatically in naïve Wistar rats, mechanical nociceptive thresholds increased. Subthreshold doses of fentanyl or the hydrophilic opioid DAMGO were only effective if injected together with hypertonic saline. In vitro, using β-arrestin-2/MOP double-transfected human embryonic kidney cells, DAMGO as well as fentanyl lead to a recruitment of β-arrestin-2 to the membrane followed by a β-arrestin-2 reappearance in the cytosol and MOP internalization. Pretreatment with hypertonic saline prevented MOP internalization. Conclusion MOPs are present and functional in the axonal membrane from naïve animals. Hypertonic saline acutely decreases ligand-induced internalization of MOP and thereby might improve MOP function. Further studies should explore potential clinical applications of opioids together with enhancers for regional analgesia.show moreshow less

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Metadaten
Author: Egle M. Mambretti, Katrin Kistner, Stefanie Mayer, Dominique Massotte, Brigitte L. Kieffer, Carsten Hoffmann, Peter W. Reeh, Alexander Brack, Esther Asan, Heike L. Rittner
URN:urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-145917
Document Type:Journal article
Faculties:Medizinische Fakultät / Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie
Medizinische Fakultät / Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie
Medizinische Fakultät / Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie (ab 2004)
Fakultät für Biologie / Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum
Language:English
Parent Title (English):Molecular Pain
Year of Completion:2016
Issue:12
Pagenumber:1-17
Source:Molecular Pain, Volume 12: 1–17 (2016). DOI:10.1177/1744806916628734
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1744806916628734
Dewey Decimal Classification:6 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / 61 Medizin und Gesundheit / 617 Chirurgie und verwandte medizinische Fachrichtungen
Tag:DAMGO; calcitonin gene-related peptide; fentanyl; hypertonic solution; internalization; peripheral nerve; ultrastructure; µ-Opioid receptor
Release Date:2017/03/30
Collections:Open-Access-Publikationsfonds / Förderzeitraum 2016
Licence (German):License LogoCC BY-NC: Creative-Commons-Lizenz: Namensnennung, Nicht kommerziell