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Stretch and/or oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in an in vitro traumatic brain injury (TBI) model induces calcium alteration and inflammatory cascade

Please always quote using this URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148255
  • The blood-brain barrier (BBB), made up of endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain, maintains the microenvironment of the central nervous system. During ischemia and traumatic brain injury (TBI), cellular disruption leading to mechanical insult results to the BBB being compromised. Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) is the most commonly used in vitro model for ischemia. On the other hand, stretch injury is currently being used to model TBI in vitro. In this paper, the two methods are used alone or in combination, to assess their effects onThe blood-brain barrier (BBB), made up of endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain, maintains the microenvironment of the central nervous system. During ischemia and traumatic brain injury (TBI), cellular disruption leading to mechanical insult results to the BBB being compromised. Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) is the most commonly used in vitro model for ischemia. On the other hand, stretch injury is currently being used to model TBI in vitro. In this paper, the two methods are used alone or in combination, to assess their effects on cerebrovascular endothelial cells cEND in the presence or absence of astrocytic factors. Applying severe stretch and/or OGD to cEND cells in our experiments resulted to cell swelling and distortion. Damage to the cells induced release of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH) and nitric oxide (NO) into the cell culture medium. In addition, mRNA expression of inflammatory markers interleukin (I L)-6, IL-1\(\alpha\) chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\(\alpha\) also increased. These events could lead to the opening of calcium ion channels resulting to excitotoxicity. This could be demonstrated by increased calcium level in OGD-subjected cEND cells incubated with astrocyte-conditioned medium. Furthermore, reduction of cell membrane integrity decreased tight junction proteins claudin-5 and occludin expression. In addition, permeability of the endothelial cell monolayer increased. Also, since cell damage requires an increased uptake of glucose, expression of glucose transporter glut1 was found to increase at the mRNA level after OGD. Overall, the effects of OGD on cEND cells appear to be more prominent than that of stretch with regards to TJ proteins, NO, glutl expression, and calcium level. Astrocytes potentiate these effects on calcium level in cEND cells. Combining both methods to model TBI in vitro shows a promising improvement to currently available models.show moreshow less

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Metadaten
Author: Ellaine Salvador, Malgorzata Burek, Carola Y. Förster
URN:urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148255
Document Type:Journal article
Faculties:Medizinische Fakultät / Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie (ab 2004)
Language:English
Parent Title (English):Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Year of Completion:2015
Volume:9
Issue:323
Source:Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 9:323 (2015). DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00323
DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00323
Dewey Decimal Classification:6 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / 61 Medizin und Gesundheit / 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Tag:CNS injury; astrocytes; barrier properties; blood brain barrier; cEND; calcium level; cell stretch; cerebral ischemia; cytokine expression; endothelial cells; necrosis factor alpha; nervous system; nitric oxide; oxygen-glucose deprivation; receptor antagonist; tight junctions; traumatic brain injury
Release Date:2018/11/08
EU-Project number / Contract (GA) number:241778
OpenAIRE:OpenAIRE
Licence (German):License LogoCC BY: Creative-Commons-Lizenz: Namensnennung 4.0 International