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Kniegelenknahe Osteotomie mit Plattenfixateur - Ergebnisse und prognostische Faktoren

Osteotomies around the Knee Joint with plate fixation - Results and prognostic factors

Please always quote using this URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167774
  • Mit Hilfe der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine retrospektive, standardisierte Auswertung der Operationstechnik von kniegelenknahen Osteotomien im König-Ludwig-Haus erreicht. Seit 2006 wird dieser Eingriff erfolgreich durchgeführt, was durch sehr gute Patientenzufriedenheitswerte belegt wird. Im hier vorliegenden Kollektiv von 110 Patienten liegt der Altersdurchschnitt bei 38,9 Jahren, das follow-up bei 41,2 ± 26,3 Monaten und der BMI bei 26,8 kg/m². Diejenigen Patienten, die nach unseren Ergebnissen am meisten von einer UmstellungsosteotomieMit Hilfe der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine retrospektive, standardisierte Auswertung der Operationstechnik von kniegelenknahen Osteotomien im König-Ludwig-Haus erreicht. Seit 2006 wird dieser Eingriff erfolgreich durchgeführt, was durch sehr gute Patientenzufriedenheitswerte belegt wird. Im hier vorliegenden Kollektiv von 110 Patienten liegt der Altersdurchschnitt bei 38,9 Jahren, das follow-up bei 41,2 ± 26,3 Monaten und der BMI bei 26,8 kg/m². Diejenigen Patienten, die nach unseren Ergebnissen am meisten von einer Umstellungsosteotomie mit dem TomoFix®-Plattenfixateur profitieren, sind 14-28,9 Jahre alt, haben einen möglichst geringen Knorpeldefekt im betroffenen und nicht-betroffenen Kompartiment sowie einen 2. bis 3.-gradigen Arthrosegrad nach Kellgren. Meniskusdefekte beeinflussen die Zufriedenheit nicht, genauso wenig wie der Grad der knöchernen Deformität (aMPTA) und das Geschlecht. Bei Varusfehlstellungen stellt sich die aufklappende Tibiaosteotomie von medialseitig als etabliertes und sicheres Verfahren dar. Diese Technik fand bei 61,8% aller hier erfassten Patienten Anwendung. Für Valgusgonarthrosen zeichnet sich bei zuklappenden Femurosteotomien von medialseitig eine Tendenz zu höheren Patientenzufriedenheitswerten ab. Abschließend lässt sich festhalten, dass das Thema der kniegelenknahen Osteotomien derzeit sehr aktuell ist und viel diskutiert wird. Durch neue Implantate und verschiedene Zugangsarten ist heute eine Möglichkeit vorhanden, eine standardisierte und minimalinvasive Therapie für Achsdeformitäten anzubieten. Gerade die HTO ist ein Verfahren, das – nicht zuletzt durch die hohe Prävalenz der Varusgonarthrose – vermehrt Anwendung findet und in standardisierter OP-Technik objektiv nachweisbar gute Ergebnisse erzielt. Forschungsbedarf besteht dagegen bei den übrigen Eingriffen um das Kniegelenk: führend sind hier die DFO und Doppelosteotomien zu nennen. Nicht zuletzt wegen des geringeren Vorkommens von Valgus-Deformitäten sind auf diesem Gebiet weitere Publikationen über Erfahrungen und Operationsergebnisse ausstehend.show moreshow less
  • Background Osteotomies around the knee joint like the high tibial osteotomy (HTO) or the distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) are established surgical treatments for malalignment of the human leg [66, 89, 106, 131]. The purpose of this operation is – among others – to reduce the pressure of the stressed compartment by shifting the mechanical jointline. Since 2006 patients of the König-Ludwig-Haus in Wuerzburg have been treated with the new TomoFix® plate fixation system. To get an as precise indication as possible for this surgery, 110 patientenBackground Osteotomies around the knee joint like the high tibial osteotomy (HTO) or the distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) are established surgical treatments for malalignment of the human leg [66, 89, 106, 131]. The purpose of this operation is – among others – to reduce the pressure of the stressed compartment by shifting the mechanical jointline. Since 2006 patients of the König-Ludwig-Haus in Wuerzburg have been treated with the new TomoFix® plate fixation system. To get an as precise indication as possible for this surgery, 110 patienten who underwent an osteotomy with the TomoFix® plate have been recruited. Objective Purposes of this study are first, to evaluate the level of satisfaction of the 110 patients regarding the osteotomy itself and the success of the performed operation in general. Second, the study aims at laying out the usefulness and profits to the clients discussed with the surgery. Therefore, hyotheses have been staled in order to clarify advantages as well as disadvantages on specific requirements which are necessary for the procedure. Further purpose is to underline in how far the benefit of osteotomies around the knee joint differs from that of competitive surgeries. Methods Preoperatively, the patient collective underwent an X-ray of the leg in order to plan the angle of correction. Before the surgery each patient underwent an arthroscopy for observation of the cartilage and ligament conditions. Afterwards the osteotomy was performed. In the following, the different surgery techniques and their quantities are presented: [78] Tibia medial opening (TMO, 61.8%), tibia lateral opening (TLO, 10%), tibia medial closing (TMC, 0.9%), tibia lateral closing (TLC, 0%), femur medial opening (FMO, 1.8%), femur lateral opening (FLO, 10%), femur medial closing (FMC, 10%) and femur lateral closing (FLC, 5.5%). Furthermore, in the collective of 110 patients we had 8 double osteotomies that are split up in the two types of surgeries and are listed up in the analysis ahead. Postoperatively, each patient received a modified KOOS questionnaire. In addition to the evaluation of postoperative satisfaction, this version of the KOOS questionnaire also allows for a comparison between the pre- and postoperative situation. The patients were advised to wear a 6 weeks partial weight-bearing of 20kg after surgery. As part of the 6-week-examination a clinical survey took place. The surgical success was measured by a postoperative X-ray of the leg. Both X-rays – the pre- as well as the postoperative one – were analyzed with the MediCad® software. Patient collective: mean age is 38.9 years (minimum 14 years, maximum 58 years), mean BMI 26.8 kg/m (minimum 17.0 kg/m², maximum 40.2 kg/m²), 22 smokers with a daily consume ≥ 10. The mean follow-up was 41.2 ± 26.3 months. Among the 110 patients, there were 34 valgus- and 76 varus malalignments. Results The KOOS questionnaire shows an improvement in each of the 6 categories. Mean improvement from 86.71 ± 0.49 points (preoperatively) to 121.73 ± 0.42 points (postoperatively). Hypotheses: H1) No satisfying accuracy of correction planned with MediCad® software. H2) Corrections according to the Fujisawa point do not lead to the best outcome. H3) Correlation between outcome and cartilage damage in stressed compartment. H4) Correlation between outcome and cartilage damage in non-stressed compartment. H5) No correlation between outcome and degree of deformity (aMPTA). H6) Equal outcome between men and women. H7) Best outcome for ages from 14 to 28.9 years. H8) No significant difference in outcome between the techniques of surgery. [79] H9) No influence of different meniscstate on outcome. H10) Correlation between outcome and osteoarthritis (Kellgren degree). Conclusions Outstanding results in patient satisfaction and surgery success. Extrapolating from these results, the ideal patient for an osteotomy with the TomoFix® plate fixation system has the following requirements: age from 14-28.9 years, as small cartilage damage as possible on the stressed and on the non-stressed compartment. The osteoarthritis grade according to the Kellgren scale should be as low as possible. Resection of the menisc does not influence the outcome as well as the grade of bone deformity (aMPTA) and patient‘s gender. In case of a varus-malalignment the OW-HTO with medial approach is a well established and safe operation, 61.8% of 110 patients were treated successfully this way. In case of valgus-malalignment, the CW-DFO with medial approach shows a tendency to give a better outcome. Furthermore, the TomoFix® plate fixation system also leads to good results concerning complex malalignments with simultaneous injuries, e.g. ACL-deficiency or cartilage damage. In the context of special cases, there also were patients with altered anatomical requirements. Despite of alleged worse bone quality, there were no complications in these cases. Concludingly, osteotomies around the knee joint for sure are a currently frequently discussed topic. New material and modified surgical techniques have lead the way to a standardized and minimal-invasive treatment for malalignments of the human leg. In the future the need of research especially concerns the DFO and double osteotomies. Not at least because of the lower prevalence of valgus-malalignments, more publications about experiences and also results of surgeries are necessaryshow moreshow less

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Author: Malte Ohlmeier
URN:urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167774
Document Type:Doctoral Thesis
Granting Institution:Universität Würzburg, Medizinische Fakultät
Faculties:Medizinische Fakultät / Lehrstuhl für Orthopädie
Referee:Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Thomas Barthel, Univ.- Prof. Dr. med. Rainer Meffer, Univ.- Prof. Dr. med. Maximilian Ruder
Date of final exam:2018/07/31
Language:German
Year of Completion:2018
Dewey Decimal Classification:6 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / 61 Medizin und Gesundheit / 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Tag:High Tibial Osteotomy; Knee Osteoarthritis; Osteotomies around the knee joint with plate fixation; TomoFix
Release Date:2018/09/05
Licence (German):License LogoDeutsches Urheberrecht