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Successful treatment of severe arterial hypotension and anuria in a preterm infant with renal tubular dysgenesis– a case report

Please always quote using this URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177405
  • Background: Oligohydramnios sequence can be caused by renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD), a rare condition resulting in pulmonary and renal morbidity. Besides typical features of Potter-sequence, the infants present with severe arterial hypotension and anuria as main symptoms. Establishing an adequate arterial blood pressure and sufficient renal perfusion is crucial for the survival of these infants. Case presentation: We describe a male preterm infant of 34 + 0 weeks of gestation. Prenatally oligohydramnios of unknown cause was detected.Background: Oligohydramnios sequence can be caused by renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD), a rare condition resulting in pulmonary and renal morbidity. Besides typical features of Potter-sequence, the infants present with severe arterial hypotension and anuria as main symptoms. Establishing an adequate arterial blood pressure and sufficient renal perfusion is crucial for the survival of these infants. Case presentation: We describe a male preterm infant of 34 + 0 weeks of gestation. Prenatally oligohydramnios of unknown cause was detected. After uneventful delivery and good adaptation the infant developed respiratory distress due to a spontaneous right-sided pneumothorax and required thoracocentesis and placement of a chest tube; he showed no major respiratory concerns thereafter and needed only minimal ventilatory support. Echocardiography revealed no abnormalities, especially no pulmonary hypertension. However, he suffered from severe arterial hypotension and anuria refractory to catecholamine therapy (dobutamine, epinephrine and noradrenaline). After 36 h of life, vasopressin therapy was initiated resulting in an almost immediate stabilization of arterial blood pressure and subsequent onset of diuresis. Therapy with vasopressin was necessary for three weeks to maintain adequate arterial blood pressure levels and diuresis. Sepsis and adrenal insufficiency were ruled out as inflammation markers, microbiological tests and cortisol level were normal. At two weeks of age, our patient developed electrolyte disturbances which were successfully treated with fludrocortisone. He did not need renal replacement therapy. Genetic analyses revealed a novel compound hyterozygous mutation of RTD. Now 17 months of age, the patient is in clinically stable condition with treatment of fludrocortisone and sodium bicarbonate. He suffers from stage 2 chronic kidney disease; blood pressure, motor and cognitive development are normal. Conclusions: RTD is a rare cause of oligohydramnios sequence. Next to pulmonary hypoplasia, severe arterial hypotension is responsible for poor survival. We present the only second surviving infant with RTD, who did not require renal replacement therapy during the neonatal period. It can be speculated whether the use of vasopressin prevents renal replacement therapy as vasopressin increases urinary output by improving renal blood flow.show moreshow less

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Metadaten
Author: Katharina RufORCiD, Johannes Wirbelauer, Antje Beissert, Eric Frieauff
URN:urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177405
Document Type:Journal article
Faculties:Medizinische Fakultät / Kinderklinik und Poliklinik
Language:English
Parent Title (English):Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology
Year of Completion:2018
Volume:4
Issue:27
Source:Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology (2018) 4:27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-018-0095-z
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-018-0095-z
Dewey Decimal Classification:6 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / 61 Medizin und Gesundheit / 618 Gynäkologie, Geburtsmedizin, Pädiatrie, Geriatrie
Tag:anuria; arterial hypotension; dry lung syndrome; neonatal renal failure; oligohydramnios sequence; potter sequence; preterm; renal tubular dysgenesis; respiratory distress; vasopressin
Release Date:2019/04/10
Collections:Open-Access-Publikationsfonds / Förderzeitraum 2018
Licence (German):License LogoCC BY: Creative-Commons-Lizenz: Namensnennung 4.0 International