Alkaloid Concentrations of Lolium perenne Infected with Epichloë festucae var. lolii with Different Detection Methods—A Re-Evaluation of Intoxication Risk in Germany?
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- Mycotoxins in agriculturally used plants can cause intoxication in animals and can lead to severe financial losses for farmers. The endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae var. lolii living symbiotically within the cool season grass species Lolium perenne can produce vertebrate and invertebrate toxic alkaloids. Hence, an exact quantitation of alkaloid concentrations is essential to determine intoxication risk for animals. Many studies use different methods to detect alkaloid concentrations, which complicates the comparability. In this study, weMycotoxins in agriculturally used plants can cause intoxication in animals and can lead to severe financial losses for farmers. The endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae var. lolii living symbiotically within the cool season grass species Lolium perenne can produce vertebrate and invertebrate toxic alkaloids. Hence, an exact quantitation of alkaloid concentrations is essential to determine intoxication risk for animals. Many studies use different methods to detect alkaloid concentrations, which complicates the comparability. In this study, we showed that alkaloid concentrations of individual plants exceeded toxicity thresholds on real world grasslands in Germany, but not on the population level. Alkaloid concentrations on five German grasslands with high alkaloid levels peaked in summer but were also below toxicity thresholds on population level. Furthermore, we showed that alkaloid concentrations follow the same seasonal trend, regardless of whether plant fresh or dry weight was used, in the field and in a common garden study. However, alkaloid concentrations were around three times higher when detected with dry weight. Finally, we showed that alkaloid concentrations can additionally be biased to different alkaloid detection methods. We highlight that toxicity risks should be analyzed using plant dry weight, but concentration trends of fresh weight are reliable.…
Autor(en): | Veronika VikukORCiD, Benjamin Fuchs, Markus KrischkeORCiD, Martin J. Mueller, Selina Rueb, Jochen KraussORCiD |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213171 |
Dokumentart: | Artikel / Aufsatz in einer Zeitschrift |
Institute der Universität: | Fakultät für Biologie / Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften |
Fakultät für Biologie / Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften | |
Sprache der Veröffentlichung: | Englisch |
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes / der Zeitschrift (Englisch): | Journal of Fungi |
ISSN: | 2309-608X |
Erscheinungsjahr: | 2020 |
Band / Jahrgang: | 6 |
Heft / Ausgabe: | 3 |
Aufsatznummer: | 177 |
Originalveröffentlichung / Quelle: | Journal of Fungi 2020, 6(3), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6030177 |
DOI: | https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6030177 |
Allgemeine fachliche Zuordnung (DDC-Klassifikation): | 5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 57 Biowissenschaften; Biologie / 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie |
Freie Schlagwort(e): | Epichloë; HPLC/UPLC methods; Lolium perenne; alkaloid detection methods; endophyte; grasslands; mycotoxins; phenology; plant fresh/dry weight; toxicity |
Datum der Freischaltung: | 10.03.2021 |
Datum der Erstveröffentlichung: | 18.09.2020 |
Open-Access-Publikationsfonds / Förderzeitraum 2020 | |
Lizenz (Deutsch): | CC BY: Creative-Commons-Lizenz: Namensnennung 4.0 International |