A Review of the Multipronged Attack of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 on the Host Transcriptional Machinery

Please always quote using this URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246165
  • During lytic infection, herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 induces a rapid shutoff of host RNA synthesis while redirecting transcriptional machinery to viral genes. In addition to being a major human pathogen, there is burgeoning clinical interest in HSV as a vector in gene delivery and oncolytic therapies, necessitating research into transcriptional control. This review summarizes the array of impacts that HSV has on RNA Polymerase (Pol) II, which transcribes all mRNA in infected cells. We discuss alterations in Pol II holoenzymes,During lytic infection, herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 induces a rapid shutoff of host RNA synthesis while redirecting transcriptional machinery to viral genes. In addition to being a major human pathogen, there is burgeoning clinical interest in HSV as a vector in gene delivery and oncolytic therapies, necessitating research into transcriptional control. This review summarizes the array of impacts that HSV has on RNA Polymerase (Pol) II, which transcribes all mRNA in infected cells. We discuss alterations in Pol II holoenzymes, post-translational modifications, and how viral proteins regulate specific activities such as promoter-proximal pausing, splicing, histone repositioning, and termination with respect to host genes. Recent technological innovations that have reshaped our understanding of previous observations are summarized in detail, along with specific research directions and technical considerations for future studies.show moreshow less

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Metadaten
Author: Thomas Hennig, Lara DjakovicORCiD, Lars DölkenORCiD, Adam W. WhisnantORCiD
URN:urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246165
Document Type:Journal article
Faculties:Medizinische Fakultät / Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie
Language:English
Parent Title (English):Viruses
ISSN:1999-4915
Year of Completion:2021
Volume:13
Issue:9
Article Number:1836
Source:Viruses 2021, 13(9), 1836; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091836
DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091836
Dewey Decimal Classification:6 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / 61 Medizin und Gesundheit / 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Tag:C-terminal domain; RNA polymerase II; herpes simplex virus; host shutoff; polyadenylation; promoter-proximal pausing; splicing; transcription
Release Date:2022/01/17
Date of first Publication:2021/09/14
EU-Project number / Contract (GA) number:ERC-2016-CoG 721016-HERPES
OpenAIRE:OpenAIRE
Open-Access-Publikationsfonds / Förderzeitraum 2021
Licence (German):License LogoCC BY: Creative-Commons-Lizenz: Namensnennung