TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stöggl, Thomas L.
A1  - Sperlich, Billy
T1  - The training intensity distribution among well-trained and elite endurance athletes
T2  - Frontiers in Physiology
N2  - Researchers have retrospectively analyzed the training intensity distribution (TID) of nationally and internationally competitive athletes in different endurance disciplines to determine the optimal volume and intensity for maximal adaptation. The majority of studies present a "pyramidal" TID with a high proportion of high volume, low intensity training (HVLIT). Some world-class athletes appear to adopt a so-called "polarized" TID (i.e., significant % of HVLIT and high intensity training) during certain phases of the season. However, emerging prospective randomized controlled studies have demonstrated superior responses of variables related to endurance when applying a polarized TID in well-trained and recreational individuals when compared with a TID that emphasizes HVLIT or threshold training. The aims of the present review are to: (1) summarize the main responses of retrospective and prospective studies exploring TID; (2) provide a systematic overview on TIDs during preparation, pre-competition, and competition phases in different endurance disciplines and performance levels; (3) address whether one TID has demonstrated greater efficacy than another; and (4) highlight research gaps in an effort to direct future scientific studies.
KW  - pyramidal retrospective
KW  - high volume
KW  - prospective
KW  - high intensity training
KW  - adaptations
KW  - cyclists
KW  - speed skaters
KW  - skeletal-muscle
KW  - polarized training
KW  - world championships
KW  - low intensity
KW  - optimize performance
KW  - blood lactate
KW  - cross-country skiers
KW  - aerobic performance
KW  - anaerobic threshold
KW  - threshold training
Y1  - 2015
UR  - https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/opus4-wuerzburg/frontdoor/index/index/docId/13888
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-138883
VL  - 6
IS  - 295
ER  -