@article{BohnertWirthSchmitzetal.2021,
  author    = {Bohnert, Simone and Wirth, Christoph and Schmitz, Werner and Trella, Stefanie and Monoranu, Camelia-Maria and Ondruschka, Benjamin and Bohnert, Michael},
  title     = {Myelin basic protein and neurofilament H in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid as surrogate markers of fatal traumatic brain injury},
  series = {International Journal of Legal Medicine},
  volume    = {135},
  journal   = {International Journal of Legal Medicine},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {1437-1596},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00414-021-02606-y},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-266929},
  pages     = {1525-1535},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The aim of this study was to investigate if the biomarkers myelin basic protein (MBP) and neurofilament-H (NF-H) yielded informative value in forensic diagnostics when examining cadaveric cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemically via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and comparing the corresponding brain tissue in fatal traumatic brain injury (TBI) autopsy cases by immunocytochemistry versus immunohistochemistry. In 21 trauma and 19 control cases, CSF was collected semi-sterile after suboccipital puncture and brain specimens after preparation. The CSF MBP (p = 0.006) and NF-H (p = 0.0002) levels after TBI were significantly higher than those in cardiovascular controls. Immunohistochemical staining against MBP and against NF-H was performed on cortical and subcortical samples from also biochemically investigated cases (5 TBI cases/5 controls). Compared to the controls, the TBI cases showed a visually reduced staining reaction against MBP or repeatedly ruptured neurofilaments against NF-H. Immunocytochemical tests showed MBP-positive phagocytizing macrophages in CSF with a survival time of > 24 h. In addition, numerous TMEM119-positive microglia could be detected with different degrees of staining intensity in the CSF of trauma cases. As a result, we were able to document that elevated levels of MBP and NF-H in the CSF should be considered as useful neuroinjury biomarkers of traumatic brain injury.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BohnertReinertTrellaetal.2021,
  author    = {Bohnert, Simone and Reinert, Christoph and Trella, Stefanie and Schmitz, Werner and Ondruschka, Benjamin and Bohnert, Michael},
  title     = {Metabolomics in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid diagnostics: a state-of-the-art method to interpret central nervous system-related pathological processes},
  series = {International Journal of Legal Medicine},
  volume    = {135},
  journal   = {International Journal of Legal Medicine},
  issn      = {0937-9827},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00414-020-02462-2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235724},
  pages     = {183-191},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In the last few years, quantitative analysis of metabolites in body fluids using LC/MS has become an established method in laboratory medicine and toxicology. By preparing metabolite profiles in biological specimens, we are able to understand pathophysiological mechanisms at the biochemical and thus the functional level. An innovative investigative method, which has not yet been used widely in the forensic context, is to use the clinical application of metabolomics. In a metabolomic analysis of 41 samples of postmortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples divided into cohorts of four different causes of death, namely, cardiovascular fatalities, isoIated torso trauma, traumatic brain injury, and multi-organ failure, we were able to identify relevant differences in the metabolite profile between these individual groups. According to this preliminary assessment, we assume that information on biochemical processes is not gained by differences in the concentration of individual metabolites in CSF, but by a combination of differently distributed metabolites forming the perspective of a new generation of biomarkers for diagnosing (fatal) TBI and associated neuropathological changes in the CNS using CSF samples.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Bohn2007,
  author    = {Bohn, Holger Florian},
  title     = {Biomechanik von Insekten-Pflanzen-Interaktionen bei Nepenthes-Kannenpflanzen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-26101},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Interaktionen zwischen Insekten und Pflanzen k{\"o}nnen auf chemischen oder mechanischen Faktoren beruhen. Mechanische Faktoren spielen eine besonders wichtige Rolle bei den Fallen karnivorer Pflanzen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Rolle mechanischer Faktoren in der Interaktion zwischen der Kannenpflanze Nepenthes bicalcarata und der Ameise Camponotus schmitzi aufzukl{\"a}ren, bei der Ameisen Gegenanpassungen zu spezialisierten pflanzlichen Fangstrukturen entwickelt haben. Im Rahmen meiner Arbeit habe ich mich mit den Fragen besch{\"a}ftigt, 1) welche Kannenstrukturen und welche Mechanismen f{\"u}r den Fang von Arthropoden wichtig sind und 2) welche speziellen Anpassungen C. schmitzi-Ameisen f{\"u}r das Leben auf ihrer karnivoren Wirtspflanze besitzen. Bisher wurde angenommen, dass Nepenthes-Kannen Tiere mit Hilfe von rutschigen Wachskristallschichten fangen. Ich konnte zeigen, dass ein weiterer, bisher unbekannter Fangmechanismus existiert, welcher auf speziellen Oberfl{\"a}cheneigenschaften des Kannenrandes (Peristom) und "Insekten-Aquaplaning" basiert. Das Peristom besitzt eine regelm{\"a}ßige Mikrostruktur, welche daf{\"u}r sorgt, dass die Oberfl{\"a}che vollst{\"a}ndig mit Wasser benetzbar ist, so dass sie bei feuchter Witterung von homogenen Fl{\"u}ssigkeitsfilmen {\"u}berzogen ist. Auf dem trockenen Peristom k{\"o}nnen Ameisen ohne Schwierigkeiten laufen und Nektar von den am inneren Peristomrand gelegenen Nektarien ernten. Wird die Oberfl{\"a}che aber beispielsweise durch Regen nass, rutschen die meisten Tiere ab und st{\"u}rzen in die Kanne. Messungen der Reibungskr{\"a}fte von Weberameisen (Oecophylla smaragdina) auf dem Peristom von N. bicalcarata zeigten, dass Fl{\"u}ssigkeitsfilme auf der Oberfl{\"a}che die Anhaftung der Haftorgane (Arolien) verhindern, und dass die Mikrostruktur des Peristoms auch den Einsatz der Krallen unterbindet. Versuche an Nepenthes alata zeigten dar{\"u}ber hinaus, dass dieser Fangmechanismus des Peristoms auch f{\"u}r Nepenthes-Arten mit wachsbereifter Kanneninnenwand essentiell, und die Wachsschicht eher f{\"u}r die Retention gefangener Tiere wichtig ist. Zur Analyse der {\"o}kologischen Auswirkungen des "Aquaplaning"-Fangmechanismus habe ich die Peristomfeuchte von Nepenthes rafflesiana var. typica-Kannen zeitgleich mit meteorologischen Daten im Feld kontinuierlich aufgezeichnet und mit Experimenten zur Beurteilung der Fangeffizienz der Kannen kombiniert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Versuche zeigen, dass die Kannen abh{\"a}ngig vom Befeuchtungsgrad des Peristoms zeitweise sehr effiziente Fallen mit Fangraten von 80\% sein k{\"o}nnen, w{\"a}hrend sie zu anderen Zeiten vollkommen ineffizient sind. Die Variation der Peristomfeuchte wird durch Regen, Kondensation und von den Peristomnektarien sezerniertem Nektar verursacht. Es ist zu vermuten, dass die nur zeitweise und unvorhersehbare Aktivierung der Nepenthes-Kannenfallen durch N{\"a}sse der Evolution von Vermeidungsstrategien bei Beutetieren entgegenwirkt. Im Rahmen der Untersuchungen, welche mechanischen Anpassungen C. schmitzi-Ameisen f{\"u}r das Leben auf N. bicalcarata besitzen habe ich mich auf die Fragen konzentriert, wie es den Ameisen gelingt den Peristom-Fangmechanismus zu umgehen und welche Anpassungen sie besitzen um in der Kannenfl{\"u}ssigkeit tauchend und schwimmend nach Nahrung zu suchen. Im Gegensatz zu generalistischen Arten st{\"u}rzen C. schmitzi-Ameisen auf dem nassen Peristom nicht ab. Durch selektive Manipulation der tarsalen Haftstrukturen konnte ich demonstrieren, dass die Arolien f{\"u}r die Peristomlauff{\"a}higkeit der C. schmitzi-Ameisen eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. F{\"u}r das Furagieren in der Kannenfl{\"u}ssigkeit verf{\"u}gen C. schmitzi-Ameisen {\"u}ber ein sich wiederholendes, stereotypes Verhaltensmuster, welches aus einer Unterwasserlauf- und einer Oberfl{\"a}chenschwimmphase besteht. Meine Untersuchungen dieses Verhaltensmusters zeigten, dass die Ameisen am Ende der Unterwasserlaufphase mit Hilfe ihres stets vorhandenen Auftriebs zur Fl{\"u}ssigkeitsoberfl{\"a}che aufsteigen. Dabei taucht ein Teil ihres Hinterleibs aus der Kannenfl{\"u}ssigkeit auf, was den Ameisen die Sauerstoffaufnahme aus der Luft erm{\"o}glicht. Nach dem Auftauchen schwimmen C. schmitzi-Ameisen mittels schneller Beinbewegungen an der Oberfl{\"a}che der Kannenfl{\"u}ssigkeit. Dabei {\"a}hnelt die Bewegungskoordination ihrer Beine dem bei Ameisen f{\"u}r die Fortbewegung an Land typischen Dreifußgang. Ein Vergleich der Kinematik von schwimmenden und laufenden C. schmitzi-Ameisen hat gezeigt, dass schwimmende Ameisen ihre Beine in der Schlagphase mit einer h{\"o}heren Winkelgeschwindigkeit als in der R{\"u}ckholphase bewegen, w{\"a}hrend dies bei den laufenden Tieren genau umgekehrt ist. Ferner strecken schwimmende Ameisen ihre Beine w{\"a}hrend der Schlagphase weiter aus als in der R{\"u}ckholphase, wohingegen laufende Ameisen in beiden Bewegungsphasen vergleichbare Beinradien aufweisen. Dies l{\"a}sst den Schluss zu, dass die Schwimmkinematik der C. schmitzi-Ameisen eine abgewandelte Form ihrer Laufkinematik darstellt, welche f{\"u}r die Erzeugung von Vortrieb im Wasser optimiert wurde.},
  subject      = {Biomechanik},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BogdanSchultzGrosshans2013,
  author    = {Bogdan, Sven and Schultz, J{\"o}rg and Grosshans, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Formin' cellular structures: Physiological roles of Diaphanous (Dia) in actin dynamics},
  series = {Communicative \& Integrative Biology},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Communicative \& Integrative Biology},
  number    = {e27634},
  doi       = {10.4161/cib.27634},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121305},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Members of the Diaphanous (Dia) protein family are key regulators of fundamental actin driven cellular processes, which are conserved from yeast to humans. Researchers have uncovered diverse physiological roles in cell morphology, cell motility, cell polarity, and cell division, which are involved in shaping cells into tissues and organs. The identification of numerous binding partners led to substantial progress in our understanding of the differential functions of Dia proteins. Genetic approaches and new microscopy techniques allow important new insights into their localization, activity, and molecular principles of regulation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoffHenriqueFriedeletal.2020,
  author    = {Boff, Samuel and Henrique, Jessica Amaral and Friedel, Anna and Raizer, Josu{\´e}},
  title     = {Disentangling the path of pollinator attraction in temporarily colored flowers},
  series = {International Journal of Tropical Insect Science},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {International Journal of Tropical Insect Science},
  doi       = {10.1007/s42690-020-00323-4},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235402},
  pages     = {1305-1311},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Plants may use different strategies to attract pollinators in long distance (e.g. floral display) and in short distance (e.g. ratio between differentially colored flowers) scales. The Verbenaceae Lantana canescens Kunth is a wide spread species in open sites of the Brazilian Pantanal wetland. Individuals of this generalist species can produce a variable number of open inflorescences with yellow and white flowers that are organized in whorls. In this study we tested the hypothesis that increased floral display (long distance attraction) and the ratio between yellow and white flowers (short distance attraction) enhances the number of pollinator species and individuals. We observed flower visitors and calculated floral parameters in 38 plots of 1 m2 each, that contained a varying number of flowering L. canescens individuals. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and Bray-Curtis distances were used to account for flower visitor composition and the relative visitation rate, respectively. We used a structural equation model to test the power of each predictor variable on the visitation rate and a covariance analysis to disentangle the effect of each independent variable on the frequency of plant-pollinator interactions. We found that the number of flower visitors and the visitation rate increased with increasing number of inflorescences. Disentangling long and short distance attraction indicated that the number of inflorescences (per plot) and the number of yellow flowers (yellowing effect) contributed most to flower visitation at long and short distance, respectively.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoffFriedel2021,
  author    = {Boff, Samuel and Friedel, Anna},
  title     = {Dynamics of nest occupation and homing of solitary bees in painted trap nests},
  series = {Ecological Entomology},
  volume    = {46},
  journal   = {Ecological Entomology},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1111/een.12965},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224605},
  pages     = {496 -- 499},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {1. The oil-collecting bee Centris analis (Fabricius, 1804) is an important pollinator for the Neotropical region. The species can be attracted to nest in human-made cavities. Such trap nests or insect hotels offer the opportunity to study the behaviour of populations in semifield conditions. 2. We studied a newly established trap nest aggregation of C. analis in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil and tested the effect that differentially painted nesting options have on the rate of nest foundation, and on the ability of relocating the nest when returning from a foraging trip (homing behaviour). Moreover, we tested if the duration of foraging trips decreased with time. 3. We found that females preferred to nest in painted nests compared to unpainted nests, with blue nests being the most occupied ones, followed by purple, yellow, white, and green. Furthermore, bees improved their homing behaviour with time, however, nest colour did not seem to have an effect on this process. Moreover, we found that bees reduce the duration of their foraging trips with time. This could be an indicator of improved foraging efficiency through learning. 4. These findings could inform a new and fruitful line of research on the behaviour and ecology of trap nesting solitary bees.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoetzlSchueleKraussetal.2020,
  author    = {Boetzl, Fabian A. and Schuele, Maren and Krauss, Jochen and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf},
  title     = {Pest control potential of adjacent agri-environment schemes varies with crop type and is shaped by landscape context and within-field position},
  series = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
  volume    = {57},
  journal   = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.1111/1365-2664.13653},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218265},
  pages     = {1482 -- 1493},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Increasing natural pest control in agricultural fields is an important aim of ecological intensification. Combined effects of landscape context and local placement of agri-environmental schemes (AES) on natural pest control and within-field distance functions of natural pest control agents have rarely been addressed but might affect the distribution of biocontrol providers. Importantly, it is currently unknown whether ecosystem services provided by adjacent AES are consistent for different crop types during crop rotation. In this study, we assessed whether crop rotation from oilseed rape to cereals altered within-field distance functions of ground-dwelling predators from adjacent agri-environmental fields along a gradient in landscape context. Additionally, we recorded crop pests, predation rates, parasitoids as well as crop yields on a total of 30 study sites. Distance functions varied between trophic levels: Carabid richness decreased while densities of carabid beetles, staphylinid beetles as well as crop yields increased towards the field centres. Distance functions of parasitoids and pests were modulated by the amount of semi-natural habitat in the surrounding landscape, while the effects of adjacent AES were limited. Distance decay functions found for ground-dwelling predators in oilseed rape in the previous year were not always present in cereals. Increasing distance to the field edge also increased effects of crop rotation on carabid beetle assemblages, indicating a source habitat function of field edges. Synthesis and applications. Distance functions of natural pest control are not universal and the effects of agri-environmental schemes (AES) in different adjacent crops during crop rotation vary and depend on ecological contrasts. A network of semi-natural habitats and spatially optimized AES habitats can benefit pest control in agricultural landscapes, but constraints as a result of crop type need to be addressed by annually targeted, spatially shifting agri-environment schemes for different crops.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoetzlRiesSchneideretal.2018,
  author    = {Boetzl, Fabian A. and Ries, Elena and Schneider, Gudrun and Krauss, Jochen},
  title     = {It's a matter of design - how pitfall trap design affects trap samples and possible predictions},
  series = {PeerJ},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {PeerJ},
  number    = {e5078},
  doi       = {10.7717/peerj.5078},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176870},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background: Pitfall traps are commonly used to assess ground dwelling arthropod communities. The effects of different pitfall trap designs on the trapping outcome are poorly investigated however they might affect conclusions drawn from pitfall trap data greatly. Methods: We tested four pitfall trap types which have been used in previous studies for their effectiveness: a simple type, a faster exchangeable type with an extended plastic rim plate and two types with guidance barriers (V- and X-shaped). About 20 traps were active for 10 weeks and emptied biweekly resulting in 100 trap samples. Results: Pitfall traps with guidance barriers were up to five times more effective than simple pitfall traps and trap samples resulted in more similar assemblage approximations. Pitfall traps with extended plastic rim plates did not only perform poorly but also resulted in distinct carabid assemblages with less individuals of small species and a larger variation. Discussion: Due to the obvious trait filtering and resulting altered assemblages, we suggest not to use pitfall traps with extended plastic rim plates. In comprehensive biodiversity inventories, a smaller number of pitfall traps with guidance barriers and a larger number of spatial replicates is of advantage, while due to comparability reasons, the use of simple pitfall traps will be recommended in most other cases.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoetzlKonleKrauss2019,
  author    = {Boetzl, Fabian A. and Konle, Antonia and Krauss, Jochen},
  title     = {Aphid cards - useful model for assessing predation rates or bias prone nonsense?},
  series = {Journal of Applied Entomology},
  volume    = {144},
  journal   = {Journal of Applied Entomology},
  number    = {1-2},
  doi       = {10.1111/jen.12692},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204798},
  pages     = {74-80},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Predation on pest organisms is an essential ecosystem function supporting yields in modern agriculture. However, assessing predation rates is intricate, and they can rarely be linked directly to predator densities or functions. We tested whether sentinel prey aphid cards are useful tools to assess predation rates in the field. Therefore, we looked at aphid cards of different sizes on the ground level as well as within the vegetation. Additionally, by trapping ground-dwelling predators, we examined whether obtained predation rates could be linked to predator densities and traits. Predation rates recorded with aphid cards were independent of aphid card size. However, predation rates on the ground level were three times higher than within the vegetation. We found both predatory carabid activity densities as well as community weighted mean body size to be good predictors for predation rates. Predation rates obtained from aphid cards are stable over card type and related to predator assemblages. Aphid cards, therefore, are a useful, efficient method for rapidly assessing the ecosystem function predation. Their use might especially be recommended for assessments on the ground level and when time and resource limitations rule out more elaborate sentinel prey methods using exclosures with living prey animals.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Bock2005,
  author    = {Bock, Fiola},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zu nat{\"u}rlicher und manipulierter Aufzucht von Apis mellifera : Morphologie, Kognition und Verhalten},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-17801},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {3. Zusammenfassung Ein noch immer unvollst{\"a}ndig verstandenes Problem sind die exakten Mechanismen der Arbeitsteilung und Koordination innerhalb von Bienenv{\"o}lkern Apis mellifera. Auf der einen Seite muss die sensorische und neuronale Ausstattung jedes Individuums das Potential zur Kommunikation und Aufgabenbew{\"a}ltigung enthalten, zum anderen m{\"u}ssen jedem Bienenvolk Mechanismen zur Steuerung zur Verf{\"u}gung stehen, die auch so weit in die Zukunft reichenden Notwendigkeiten wie Wintervorbereitungen zuverl{\"a}ssig durchf{\"u}hren. Die vorliegende Arbeit beleuchtet daraus ausgew{\"a}hlte Aspekte. Zum einen werden Aspekte der kognitiven F{\"a}higkeiten der Einzelbienen untersucht, die im Hinblick auf ihre Rolle als sammelnde Arbeiterinnen eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Das Erkennen und Verarbeiten von Mustern spielt eine wichtige Rolle beim Auffinden von potentiellen Nahrungsquellen. Hier konnte mittels des DMTS - Paradigma ein hoher Abstraktionsgrad der Musterverarbeitung sowie eine Speicherung auch komplexer Muster gezeigt werden. Zum anderen wird die Bruttemperatur als ein Einfluss auf die Puppenentwicklung und dessen m{\"o}gliche Folgen auf kognitive F{\"a}higkeiten und Lebenshistorie untersucht. Variation der Bruttemperatur wurde in verschiedenen Zusammenh{\"a}ngen als starker Einfluss auf unterschiedliche Aspekte der Entwicklung gezeigt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit kann diese Bruttemperatur als m{\"o}glicher Faktor der nachfolgend unterschiedlichen Auspr{\"a}gung von Verhaltensmustern gezeigt werden. Dabei wird ebenso auf die Unterschiede im Verhaltensmuster von t{\"a}glichen Stockt{\"a}tigkeiten wie auf die resultierenden Unterschiede in der Lebensgeschichte und -spanne eingegangen, die aus unterschiedlichen Brutaufzuchtstemperaturen resultieren k{\"o}nnen. Als Aufzuchtstemperaturen werden dabei 32°C, 35°C sowie 36°C verwendet, um eine Vari ation zwischen der an anderer Stelle berichteten mittleren, der niedrigsten und der h{\"o}chsten Temperatur f{\"u}r morphologisch vollst{\"a}ndig entwickelte Bienen zu erreichen und die daraus resultierenden Arbeiterinnen zu untersuchen. Sowohl die Ergebnisse der Verhaltensuntersuchungen von Stockbienen wie auch der Vergleich von Lebensaktivit{\"a}t und -spanne zeigen dabei signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen aufgezogenen Arbeiterinnen in deren analysiertem Verhalten.},
  subject      = {Biene},
  language  = {de}
}