@article{LohseKlotzSalzeretal.1988,
  author    = {Lohse, Martin J. and Klotz, Karl-Norbert and Salzer, Manfred J. and Schwabe, Ulrich},
  title     = {Adenosine regulates the \(Ca^{2+} \) sensitivity of mast cell mediator release : (histamine secretion/inositol phosphates/calcium)},
  series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  volume    = {85},
  journal   = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127883},
  pages     = {8875-8879},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {Mast cells release histamine and other mediators of allergy in response to stimulation of their IgE receptors. This release is generally thought to be mediated by an elevation of cytosolic \(Ca^{2+}\). Recent evidence suggests that there might be factors that modulate the coupling between \(Ca^{2+}\) levels and mediator release. The present report identifies adenosine as one such modulator. Adenosine and several of its metabolically stable analogues were shown to enhance histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in response to stimuli such as concanavalin A. Metabolizing endogenous adenosine with adenosine deaminase dampened the response to stimuli, whereas trapping endogenous adenosine inside mast cells with nucleoside-transport inhibitors markedly enhanced stimulated histamine release. The metabolically stable adenosine analogue 5' -(N-ethylcarboxamido)adenosine (NECA) did not affect the initial steps in the sequence from IgE-receptor activation to mediator release, which are generation of inositol trisphosphate and increase of cytosolic \(Ca^{2+}\). However, NECA did enhance the release induced in ATP-permeabilized cells by exogenous \(Ca^{2+}\), but it had no effect on the release induced by phorbol esters. These data suggest that adenosine sensitizes mediator release by a mechanism regulating stimulus-secretion coupling at a step distal to receptor activation and second-messenger generation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Wilhelm1988,
  author    = {Wilhelm, Gernot},
  title     = {K Churritskoj i urartskoj grammatikje},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-82984},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {No Abstract available},
  language  = {ru}
}
@article{Wilhelm1988,
  author    = {Wilhelm, Gernot},
  title     = {Zu den Wollmaßen in Nuzi},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87792},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {no Abstract available},
  subject      = {Nuzi},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Wilhelm1988,
  author    = {Wilhelm, Gernot},
  title     = {Neue akkadische Gilgameš-Fragmente aus Hattusa},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87718},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Gilgameschichtung},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Wehgartner1988,
  author    = {Wehgartner, Irma},
  title     = {Eine neue "pontische" Oinochoe und {\"U}berlegungen zur Genese ihrer Form},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87561},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {Das Martin-von-Wagner-Museum besitzt eine seit langem bekannte Sammlung bedeutender 'pontischer' Vasen, die vor kurzem durch die Erwerbung einer Oinochoe dieser Gattung sinnvoll erg{\"a}nzt werden konnte (Abb. 30-34. 38. 40-45). Denn obwohl in der 'pontischen' Keramik die Oinochoen nach den Amphoren die h{\"a}ufigste Gef{\"a}ßform sind, war gerade diese Form in der W{\"u}rzburger Sammlung bisher nur durch zwei kleine, atypische Exemplare vertreten gewesen. Die neu erworbene Oinochoe kann dagegen nach ihrer Gr{\"o}ße, ihren Formmerkmalen und ihrer Bemalung als eine typische Vertreterio dieser Form innerhalb der 'pontischen' Gattung gelten.},
  subject      = {Martin-von-Wagner-Museum / Antikenabteilung},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KurtzSchneider1988,
  author    = {Kurtz, Beth E. and Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {The effects of age, study time, and importance of text units on strategy use and memory for texts},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87408},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {This study investigated study behavior and recall of a narrative text as a function of the reader's age, study time, and importance level of text units. Fifth graders, seventh graders, young- and older adults were asked to read a fairy tale, and do anything they liked to prepare for verbatim recall. Half of the subjects in each age group were assigned to an immediate recall condition; half were given additional study time. Examination of recall data showed that all subjects showed higher recall of important units in the text than unimportant units. This effect was independent of age and study time condition. Study behaviors varied significantly across age groups and study conditions: while adults underlined or took notes with equal frequency, children preferred note-taking as a study strategy. With additional study time, fifth graders, seventh graders, and older adults increased their strategic behavior; young adults did not.},
  subject      = {Studienzeit},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Schneider1988,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Zur Rolle des Wissens bei kognitiven H{\"o}chstleistungen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87383},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {Neuere Ans{\"a}tze der Hochbegabtenforschung haben demonstriert, daß herausragende intellektuelle F{\"a}higkeiten alleine noch keine kognitiven H{\"o}chstleistungen in sp{\"a}teren Lebensabschnitten garantieren. Insbesondere retrospektive Analysen der Daten genialer bzw. kognitiv hochproduktiver Pers{\"o}nlichkeiten lassen darauf schließen, daß neben Intelligenzmerkmalen auch Wissensaspekte und nichtkognitive Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmale entscheidend daf{\"u}r verantwortlich sind, daß H{\"o}chstleistungen erzielt werden k{\"o}nnen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber Studien gegeben, die den Einfluß bereichsspezifiscben Wissens auf kognitive H{\"o}chstleistungen darstellt, daß jedoch ab einem bestimmten Grenzwert intellektueller F{\"a}higkeit allein das Ausmaß bereichsspezifischen Wissens in Kombination mit extremen Auspr{\"a}gungen in nichtkognitiven Merkmalen wie Konzentrationsf{\"a}higkeit, Ausdauer und Erfolgsmotivation dar{\"u}ber entscheidet, ob intellektuelle H{\"o}chstleistungen erbracht werden k{\"o}nnen.},
  subject      = {Hochbegabung},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchneiderHasselhorn1988,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang and Hasselhorn, Marcus},
  title     = {Metakognitionen bei der L{\"o}sung mathematischer Probleme: Gestaltungsperspektiven f{\"u}r den Mathematikunterricht},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86477},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {In neueren Untersuchungen zur Mathematikerziehung im Elementarbereich wird verst{\"a}rkt auf die Bedeutung kognitiver Prozesse (Strategien) f{\"u}r die erfolgreiche Bew{\"a}ltigung von Probleml{\"o}seaufgaben hingewiesen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird insbesondere auf das Wissen um kognitive Prozesse und deren Steuerung, also auf Metakognitionen eingegangen. Es wird zun{\"a}chst eine Einf{\"u}hrung in traditionelle Kategorien von Metakognition gegeben und dann auf eine Weiterentwicklung eingegangen, die als "Modell des kompetenten Strategie-Anwenders" bekanntgeworden ist. Dieses Modell wird dann als Grundlage f{\"u}r Empfehlungen benutzt, die darauf abzielen, den Mathematikunterricht effizienter zu gestalten.},
  subject      = {Mathematikunterricht},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MauelerBarnekowEigenbrodtetal.1988,
  author    = {Maueler, W. and Barnekow, A. and Eigenbrodt, E. and Raulf, F. and Falk, H. F. and Telling, A. and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Different regulation of oncogene expression in tumor and embryonal cells of Xiphophorus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86240},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {Melanoma formation in the poeciliid fish Xiphophorus is mediated primarily by a cellular oncogene, designated Tu. Elimination of Tu-specific genes releases the transforming function of Tu and leads to melanoma formation. Southern blot analyses revealed a tight linkage of a v-erb B related gene to the Tu-locus and Northern blot analyses of RNA of solid melanomas indicated a coordinated deregulation and for mutational activation of several oncogenes. In order to get a better insight into the regulation of oncogene expression in normal and transformed cells of Xiphophorus, we studied the expression of Xsrc, Xras, Xmyc, Xerb A, Xsis, and the v-erb B related gene in a melanoma derived cell line (PSM) and an embryonic cell line (A2) under conditions of low growth factor supply. Both celllines express the Xsrc, Xmyc, and Xras genes, while PSM cells in addition express the v-erb B related gene and A2 cells the Xsis gene. In PSM cells serum deprivation leads to an accumulation of most of the oncogene mRNAs analysed. This is most apparent for a 5.0 kb transcript of the v-erb B related gene, probably due to an increase in transcript stability. The levels of these mRNAs returned to normal within 2h after stimulation with 10\% fetal calf serum. At the protein level we observed an initial decrease followed by an increase of the n-p60c-src kinase (the protein product of tbe Xsrc gene) activity in cells deprived of serum. Serum stimulation restored a normal pp60"-src kinase activity. In contrast serum deprivation of A2 cells reduced the transcript amounts of each of the oncogenes analysed. The same holds true for one beta-tubulin transcript, while the level of a second beta-tubulin transcript was unaffected. Serum stimulation led to a reactivation of Xras and Xsrc after a delay of approximately 48b. The pp60(c-src) kinase activity was found to be 6-10 times lower as compared to the PSM cells and did not differ between serum deprived and serum stimulated cells. Enzyme activities and isoenzyme patterns of several glycolytic enzymes were found to be not affected by serum deprivation and stimulation in both celllines.},
  subject      = {Schwertk{\"a}rpfling},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MaeuelerRaulfSchartl1988,
  author    = {M{\"a}ueler, Winfried and Raulf, Friedrich and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Expression of proto-oncogenes in embryonic, adult, and transformed tissue of Xiphophorus (Teleostei: Poeciliidae)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86233},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {In Xiphophorus the causative, primary cellular oncogene for melanoma formation has been assigned by classical genetics to a sex-chromosomal locus, designated Tu. Activation of Tu was proposed to be the result of the elimination of Tu-specific regulatory genes which normally suppress the transforming function in the nontumorous state. In order to understand the role which known proto-oncogenes migbt play in this process, we have analysed the expression of src, erb A, erb B, ras, abl, sis and mil related genes from Xiphophorus during embryogenesis, in non-tumorous organs and in melanoma cells. For src, ras, erb B and sis a differential expression during embryogenesis and/or in normal organs was detected, with preferential expression of src in neural tissues, a high abundance of sis transcripts in an embryonal epitheloid cellline and of erbB transcripts in the head nephros. In melanoma cells ras, src and a v-erb B related gene were found to be expressed. The src gene most likely is more involved in secondary processes during tumor progression, while the expression of the v-erb B related gene might be transformation-specific because recently such a sequence was found to map to the close vicinity of the Tu-locus.},
  subject      = {Schwertk{\"a}rpfling},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WinotoMorbachLeyhausenMuellerRuchholtzetal.1988,
  author    = {Winoto-Morbach, S. and Leyhausen, G. and M{\"u}ller-Ruchholtz, W. and Ulrichs, Karin},
  title     = {The Electromagnetic Separation Principle: A Basis for Human Pancreatic Islet Transplantation},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-82520},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Allergie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderSchauliesLiebertBaczkoetal.1988,
  author    = {Schneider-Schaulies, Sibylle and Liebert, UG and Baczko, K, and ter Meulen, V.},
  title     = {Molecular Biological Analysis of Measles Virus Gene Expression in the CNS of Acutely and Persistently Infected Rat Brain Cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-81784},
  year      = {1988},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderSchauliesLiebertBaczkoetal.1988,
  author    = {Schneider-Schaulies, Sibylle and Liebert, UG and Baczko, K. and ter Meulen, V.},
  title     = {Molecular Biological Aspects of Virus-Induced Subacute Encephalomyelitis in Lewis Rats},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-81776},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {no abstract available},
  subject      = {Biologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LausUlrichsMuellerRuchholtz1988,
  author    = {Laus, R. and Ulrichs, Karin and M{\"u}ller-Ruchholtz, W.},
  title     = {Carbohydrate-specific human heterophile antibodies in normal human sera that react with xenogeneic cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78271},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {Human heterophile antibodies (HHA) that are present in normal human sera (NHS)play an important role in hyperacute xenograft rejection. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence, mode of action and molecular specificity of HHA in NHS that are directed against xenogeneic Iymphocytes (isolated from mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cattle and pig) and isolated rat pancreatic islets. All sera contained variable amounts of HHA that killed the target cells via the classical complement pathway. The cytotoxic activity of these HHA was specifically inhibited by certain carbohydrates (a-D-melibiose, ß-Iactose, ß-gentiobiose, ß-cellobiose, D-mannose, N-acetyl-ß-D-mannosamine and a-D-rhamnose) and by rat IgM. By means of affinity chromatography with immobilized inhibitors we obtained an antibody preparation of mainly IgG type from NHS (up to 3.5 mg/IO ml serum) that reacted strongly with rat lymphocytes and isolated rat pancreatic islets. Though thus far residual xenospecific antibody activity has remained in the sera even after multiple affinity chromatography, these data suggest that specific elimination of HHA is feasible and that it may be thus possible to overcome a major obstacle to xenotransplantation.},
  subject      = {Immunobiologie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchmuckKobeltLinsenmair1988,
  author    = {Schmuck, R. and Kobelt, F. and Linsenmair, Karl Eduard},
  title     = {Adaptations of the reed frog Hyperbolius viridiflavus (Anura, Hyperbolidae) to its arid environment: V. Iridophores and nitrogen metabolism},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78094},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {Ofall amphibians living in arid habitats, reed frogs (belonging to the super species Hyperolius viridiflavus) are the most peculiar. Froglets are able to tolerate dry periods of up to 35 days or longer immediately after metamorphosis, in climatically exposed positions. They face similar problems to estivating juveniles, i.e. enduranee of long periods of high temperature and low RH with rather limited energy and water reserves. In addition, they must have had to develop meehanisms to prevent poisoning by nitrogenous wastes that rapidly accumulate during dry periods as a metabolie consequenee of maintaining a non-torpid state. During dry periods, plasma osmolarity of H. v. taeniatus froglets strongly increased, mainly through urea accumulation. Urea accumulation was also observed during metamorphic climax. During postmetamorphic growth, chromatophores develop with the density and morphology typical of the adult pigmentary pattern. The dermal iridophore layer, which is still incomplete at this time, is fully developed within 4-8 days after metamorphosis, irrespective of maintenance conditions. These iridophores mainly contain the purines guanine and hypoxanthine. The ability of these purines to reflect light provides an excellent basis for the role of iridophores in temperature regulation. In individuals experiencing dehydration stress, the initial rate of purine synthesis is doubled in eomparison to specimens continuously maintained under wet season conditions. This increase in synthesis rate leads to a rapid increase in the thiekness of the iridophore layer, thereby effectively reducing radiation absorption. Thus, the danger of overheating is diminished during periods of water shortage when evaporative cooling must be avoided. After the development of an iridophore layer of sufficient thickness for effective radiation reflectance, synthesis of iridophore pigments does not cease. Rather, this pathway is further used during the remaining dry season for solving osmotic problems eaused by accumulation of nitrogenous wastes. During prolonged water deprivation, in spite of reduced metabolic rates, purine pigments are produced at the same rate as in wet season conditions. This leads to a higher relative proportion of nitrogen end products being stored in skin pigments under dry season conditions. At the end of an experimental dry season lasting 35 days, up to 38\% of the accrued nitrogen is stored in the form of osmotically inactive purines in thc skin. Thus the osmotic problems caused by evaporative water loss and urea production are greatly reduced.},
  subject      = {Biologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LinsenmairSchmuck1988,
  author    = {Linsenmair, Karl Eduard and Schmuck, R.},
  title     = {Adaptations of the reed frog Hyperbolius viridiflavus to its arid environment. III. Aspects of nitrogen metabolism and osmuregulation in the reed frog, H. viridiflavus taeniatus, with special reference to the role of iridophores},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78108},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {Reed frogs of the superspecies Hyperolius viridiflavus occur throughout the seasonally very dry and hot African savannas. Despite their small size (300-700 mg), estivating reed frogs do not avoid stressful conditions above ground by burrowing into the soil, but endure the inhospitable climate relatively unprotected, clinging to mostly dry grass sterns. They must have emcient mechanisms to enable them to survive e.g. very high temperatures, low relative hurnidities, and high solar radiation loads. Mechanisms must also have developed to prevent poisoning by the nitrogenous wastes that inevitably result from protein and nucleotide turnover. In contrast to fossorial amphibians, estivating reed frogs do not become torpid. Reduction in metabolism is therefore rather Iimited so that nitrogenous wastes accumulate faster in these frogs than in fossorial amphibians. This severely aggravates the osmotic problems caused by dehydration. During dry periods total plasma osmolarity greatly increases, mainly due to urea accumulation. Of the total urea accumulated over 42 days of experimental water deprivation, 30\% was produced during the first 7 days. In the next 7 days rise in plasma urea content was negligible. This strong initial increase of urea is seen as a byproduct of elevated amino acid catabolism following the onset of dry conditions. Tbe rise in total plasma osmolarity due to urea accumulation, however, is not totally disadvantageous, but enables fast rehydration when water is available for very short periods only. Voiding of urine and feces eeases once evaporative water loss exceeds 10\% of body weight. Tberefore, during continuous water deprivation, nitrogenous end products are not excreted. After 42 days of water deprivation, bladder fluid was substantially depleted, and urea coneentration in the remaining urine (up to 447 mM) was never greater than in plasma fluid. Feces voided at the end of the dry period after water uptake contained only small amounts of nitrogenous end products. DSF (dry season frogs) seemed not to be uricotelic. Instead, up to 35\% of the total nitrogenous wastes produced over 42 days of water deprivation were deposited in an osmotically inert and nontoxic form in iridophore crystals. The increase in skin purine content averaged 150 µg/mg dry weight. If urea had been the only nitrogenous waste product during an estivation period of 42 days, lethal limits of total osmolarity (about 700 mOsm) would have been reached 10-14 days earlier. Thus iridophores are not only involved in colour change and in reducing heat load by radiation remission, but are also important in osmoregulation during dry periods. The seIective advantages of deposition of guanine rather than uric acid are discussed.},
  subject      = {Biologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SirenFeuerstein1988,
  author    = {Sir{\´e}n, Anna-Leena and Feuerstein, G.},
  title     = {Cardiovascular effects of rat calcitonin gene-related peptide in the conscious rat},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63236},
  year      = {1988},
  subject      = {Neurobiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FeuersteinSiren1988,
  author    = {Feuerstein, G. and Sir{\´e}n, Anna-Leena},
  title     = {Hypothalamic µ-receptors in the cardiovascular control: a review},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63228},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {The endogenous opioid system includes three major families of peptides [22): dynorphins (derived from pre-proenkephalin B); endorphins (derived from pre-proopiomelanocortin) and enkephalins (derived from pre-proenkephalin A). Multiple species of opioid peptides are derived from these major precursors and many of them possess potent cardiovascular properties. Multiple forms of opioid receptors have been defined in the central nervous system. Although the relationship of these receptors to the multiple actions of the opioid systems is not weil understood, some predications can be made: in vitro the dynorphin-related peptidesbind preferentially to kappa-opioid receptors; the enkephalins bind preferentially to delta and JL-opioid receptors and while beta-endorphin binds to mu- and delta-, but not to kappa-opioid receptors. While littleis known on the roJe ofthe opioid system in normal cardiovascular regulation, it has become clear that cardiovascular stress situations substantially modify the activity ofthe endogenous opioid system. This review focuses on the mu-opioid system in the hypothalamus with special emphasis on its potential roJe in cardiovascular control of both normal and pathophysiologic states.},
  subject      = {Neurobiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Siren1988,
  author    = {Sir{\´e}n, Anna-Leena},
  title     = {Cardiovascular pharmacology of thyrotropin releasing hormone},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63214},
  year      = {1988},
  subject      = {Neurobiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FeuersteinSiren1988,
  author    = {Feuerstein, G. and Sir{\´e}n, Anna-Leena},
  title     = {Mesenteric vascular responses to i.v. administration of lipoxin A\(_4\) and lipoxin B\(_4\) in the conscious rat},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63200},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {Lipoxin A (LXA\(_4\)) and lipoxin B\(_4\)(LXB\(_4\)) are newly discovered lipoxygenase-interacting products of leukocytes which might have a role in cardiovascular events associated with anaphylaxis. We have tested this possibility by systemic administration of both LXA\(_4\) and LXB\(_4\) to the conscious rat while monitaring systemic and regional hemodynamic changes. LXA\(_4\) and' LXB\(_4\) (l-100 pg/kg) produced dose-dependent constriction of the mesenteric vessels, up to + 123±23\% and +50±9\% for LXA\(_4\)/B\(_4\) , respectively. Dose-related changes were not observed in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, renal (LXB\(_4\)) and hindquarter blood ftow. We suggest that LXA\(_4\) and LXB\(_4\) might affect selective vascular beds, such as the mesenteric vessels, and contribute to variations in blood flow in specific pathophysiological states.},
  subject      = {Neurobiologie},
  language  = {en}
}