@incollection{Toepfer2014,
  author    = {Toepfer, Regina},
  title     = {Die Frauen von Bechelaren: Stand, Herkunft und Geschlecht im "Nibelungenlied" sowie in Thea von Harbous "Nibelungenbuch" und in Fritz Langs Film "Die Nibelungen".},
  series = {Durchkreuzte Helden: Das "Nibelungenlied" und Fritz Langs Film "Die Nibelungen" im Licht der Intersektionalit{\"a}tsforschung.},
  booktitle = {Durchkreuzte Helden: Das "Nibelungenlied" und Fritz Langs Film "Die Nibelungen" im Licht der Intersektionalit{\"a}tsforschung.},
  publisher = {transcript Verlag},
  address   = {Bielefeld},
  isbn      = {978-3-8376-2647-6},
  doi       = {10.14361/transcript.9783839426470},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-303068},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {211-238},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Gem{\"a}ß den Zielen der Intersektionalit{\"a}tsforschung untersucht der Beitrag die gesteigerte Diskriminierung derjenigen in Literatur und Film, die mehreren minderprivilegierten Gruppen angeh{\"o}ren: die Frauen von Bechelaren, deren narrative Existenz im ‚Nibelungenlied' nur gesichert ist, solange sie in einer Relation zu ihrem Ehemann und Vormund stehen. Der Vergleich des mittelhochdeutschen Epos mit den modernen Adaptationen von Thea von Harbou und Fritz Lang zeigt, wie sich die Bedeutung der Ungleichheitskategorien fundamental verschiebt. Am negativsten wirkt sich die Verst{\"a}rkung der Machtdifferenzen in Thea von Harbous ‚Nibelungenbuch' und Fritz Langs Film ‚Die Nibelungen' auf R{\"u}digers Frau Gotelind aus. F{\"u}r die Markgr{\"a}fin bleibt in den modernen Adaptationen aufgrund der rassisierenden {\"U}berformung der hunnischen Welt kein Platz mehr. W{\"a}hrend sie im Epos Repr{\"a}sentationsaufgaben {\"u}bernimmt, Herrschaftspflichten erf{\"u}llt und großz{\"u}gige Geschenke verteilt, tritt sie im Buch als Figur nicht in Erscheinung und ger{\"a}t im Film nicht einmal in der Utopie von Bechelaren in den Blick. Gotelind wird nicht nur marginalisiert, sondern vollst{\"a}ndig eliminiert.},
  subject      = {Nibelungenlied},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Kraft2014,
  author    = {Kraft, Stephan},
  title     = {Der fr{\"u}hmoderne Reisebericht als Wiedereingliederungsritual},
  series = {docta varietas - Forschung am Kolleg "Mittelalter und Fr{\"u}he Neuzeit" der Julius Maximilian-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  journal   = {docta varietas - Forschung am Kolleg "Mittelalter und Fr{\"u}he Neuzeit" der Julius Maximilian-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-282586},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Kein Abstract verf{\"u}gbar.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{OnoSonoyamaNemaetal.2014,
  author    = {Ono, Mitsuaki and Sonoyama, Wataru and Nema, Kazuki and Hara, Emilio Satoshi and Oida, Yasutaka and Pham, Hai Thanh and Yamamoto, Katushi and Hirota, Kazuo and Sugama, Kazushige and Sebald, Walter and Kuboki, Takuo},
  title     = {Regeneration of calvarial defects with Escherichia coli-derived rhBMP-2 adsorbed in PLGA membrane},
  series = {Cells Tissues Organs},
  volume    = {198},
  journal   = {Cells Tissues Organs},
  number    = {5},
  issn      = {1422-6405},
  doi       = {10.1159/000356947},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196680},
  pages     = {367 -- 376},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Objective: Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (E-BMP-2) has been shown to be as effective as mammalian cell-derived BMP-2. However, several in vitro and in vivo experiments are still necessary to validate the effectiveness of E-BMP-2 due to the difference in synthesis process, mainly related to protein nonglycosylation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether biodegradable polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) membrane is a suitable carrier for E-BMP-2 delivery for bone regeneration of critical-sized defects in rat calvaria. Materials and Methods: First, the osteoinductive effect of E-BMP-2 was confirmed in vitro in mouse bone marrow stromal cells by analysis of osteocalcin mRNA levels, and calcium deposition was detected by alizarin red staining. Before in vivo experiments, the release profile of E-BMP-2 from PLGA membranes was determined by ELISA. E-BMP-2 (0, 1, 5 and 10 μg/μl) was applied for ectopic and orthotopic bone formation and was analyzed by X-ray, micro-CT and histology. Results: Release-profile testing showed that PLGA membrane could retain 94\% of the initially applied E-BMP-2. Ectopic bone formation assay revealed that combination of E-BMP-2/PLGA membrane strongly induced bone formation. Stronger osteoinductivity with complete repair of critical-sized defects was observed only with PLGA membranes adsorbed with 5 and 10 μg/μl of E-BMP-2, whereas no bone formation was observed in the groups that received no membrane or 0-μg/μl dose of E-BMP-2. Conclusion: PLGA membrane was shown to be a suitable carrier for sustained release of E-BMP-2, and the E-BMP-2/PLGA membrane combination was demonstrated to be efficient in bone regeneration in a model of critical-sized defects.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Stadler2014,
  author    = {Stadler, Martin Andreas},
  title     = {Martin, Cary J.: Demotic Papyri from the Memphite Necropolis. In the Collections of The National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden, The British Museum and The Hermitage Museum. Turnhout: Brepols 2009. 205 S. m. Beiheft m. 56 Taf. Lex. 8°. Brosch. €79,00. ISBN 978-2-503-53057-4},
  series = {Orientalistische Literaturzeitung},
  volume    = {109},
  journal   = {Orientalistische Literaturzeitung},
  number    = {4-5},
  issn      = {0030-5383},
  doi       = {10.1515/olzg-2014-0085},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193335},
  pages     = {277-279},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HohmannPinartTischeretal.2014,
  author    = {Hohmann, Cynthia and Pinart, Mariona and Tischer, Christina and Gehring, Ulrike and Heinrich, Joachim and Kull, Inger and Mel{\´e}n, Eric and Smit, Henriette A. and Torrent, Maties and Wijga, Alet H. and Wickman, Magnus and Bachert, Claus and L{\o}drup Carlsen, Karin C. and Carlsen, Kai-H{\aa}kon and Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten and Eller, Esben and Esplugues, Ana and Fantini, Maria Pia and Annesi-Maesano, Isabella and Momas, Isabelle and Porta, Daniela and Vassilaki, Maria and Waiblinger, Dagmar and Sunyer, Jordi and Ant{\´o}, Josep M. and Bousquet, Jean and Keil, Thomas},
  title     = {The Development of the MeDALL Core Questionnaires for a Harmonized Follow-Up Assessment of Eleven European Birth Cohorts on Asthma and Allergies},
  series = {International Archives of Allergy and Immunology},
  volume    = {163},
  journal   = {International Archives of Allergy and Immunology},
  number    = {3},
  organization    = {The MeDALL Study Group},
  issn      = {1018-2438},
  doi       = {10.1159/000357732},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196594},
  pages     = {215-224},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Numerous birth cohorts have been initiated in the world over the past 30 years using heterogeneous methods to assess the incidence, course and risk factors of asthma and allergies. The aim of the present work is to provide the stepwise proceedings of the development and current version of the harmonized MeDALL-Core Questionnaire (MeDALL-CQ) used prospectively in 11 European birth cohorts. Methods: The harmonization of questions was accomplished in 4 steps: (i) collection of variables from 14 birth cohorts, (ii) consensus on questionnaire items, (iii) translation and back-translation of the harmonized English MeDALL-CQ into 8 other languages and (iv) implementation of the harmonized follow-up. Results: Three harmonized MeDALL-CQs (2 for parents of children aged 4-9 and 14-18, 1 for adolescents aged 14-18) were developed and used for a harmonized follow-up assessment of 11 European birth cohorts on asthma and allergies with over 13,000 children. Conclusions: The harmonized MeDALL follow-up produced more comparable data across different cohorts and countries in Europe and will offer the possibility to verify results of former cohort analyses. Thus, MeDALL can become the starting point to stringently plan, conduct and support future common asthma and allergy research initiatives in Europe.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidSteinleinFeichtingeretal.2014,
  author    = {Schmid, Michael and Steinlein, Claus and Feichtinger, Wolfgang and Bogart, James P.},
  title     = {Chromosome Banding in Amphibia. XXXI. The Neotropical Anuran Families Centrolenidae and Allophrynidae},
  series = {Cytogenetic and Genome Research},
  volume    = {142},
  journal   = {Cytogenetic and Genome Research},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {1424-8581},
  doi       = {10.1159/000362216},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196763},
  pages     = {268-285},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The mitotic chromosomes of 11 species from the anuran families Centrolenidae and Allophrynidae were analyzed by means of conventional staining, banding techniques, and in situ hybridization. The amount, location, and fluorochrome affinities of constitutive heterochromatin, the number and positions of nucleolus organizer regions, and the patterns of telomeric DNA sequences were determined for most of the species. The karyotypes were found to be highly conserved with a low diploid chromosome number of 2n = 20 and morphologically similar chromosomes. The sister group relationship between the Centrolenidae and Allophrynidae (unranked taxon Allocentroleniae) is clearly corroborated by the cytogenetic data. The existence of heteromorphic XY♂/XX♀ sex chromosomes in an initial stage of morphological differentiation was confirmed in Vitreorana antisthenesi. The genome sizes of 4 centrolenid species were determined using flow cytometry. For completeness and for comparative purposes, all previously published cytogenetic data on centrolenids are included.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidSteinleinFeichtingeretal.2014,
  author    = {Schmid, Michael and Steinlein, Claus and Feichtinger, Wolfgang and Haaf, Thomas and Mijares-Urrutia, Abraham and Schargel, Walter E. and Hedges, S. Blair},
  title     = {Cytogenetic Studies on Gonatodes (Reptilia, Squamata, Sphaerodactylidae)},
  series = {Cytogenetic and Genome Research},
  volume    = {144},
  journal   = {Cytogenetic and Genome Research},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1424-8581},
  doi       = {10.1159/000367929},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196753},
  pages     = {47-61},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of 5 species of the reptile genus Gonatodes are described by means of conventional staining, banding analyses and in situ hybridization using a synthetic telomeric DNA probe. The amount, location and fluorochrome affinities of constitutive heterochromatin, the number and positions of nucleolus organizer regions, and the patterns of telomeric DNA sequences were determined for most of the species. The karyotypes of G. falconensis and G. taniae from northern Venezuela are distinguished by their extraordinarily reduced diploid chromosome number of 2n = 16, which is the lowest value found so far in reptiles. In contrast to most other reptiles, both species have exclusively large biarmed (meta- and submetacentric) chromosomes. Comparison of the karyotypes of G. falconensis and G. taniae with those of other Gonatodes species indicates that the exceptional 2n = 16 karyotype originated by a series of 8 centric fusions. The karyotypes of G. falconensis and G. taniae are further characterized by the presence of considerable amounts of (TTAGGG)<sub>n</sub> telomeric sequences in the centromeric regions of all chromosomes. These are probably not only relics of the centric fusion events, but a component of the highly repetitive DNA in the constitutive heterochromatin of the chromosomes. The genome sizes of 4 Gonatodes species were determined using flow cytometry. For comparative purposes, all previously published cytogenetic data on Gonatodes and other sphaerodactylids are included and discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidSteinleinHaafetal.2014,
  author    = {Schmid, Michael and Steinlein, Claus and Haaf, Thomas and Mijares-Urrutia, Abraham},
  title     = {Nascent ZW Sex Chromosomes in Thecadactylus rapicauda (Reptilia, Squamata, Phyllodactylidae)},
  series = {Cytogenetic and Genome Research},
  volume    = {143},
  journal   = {Cytogenetic and Genome Research},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {1424-8581},
  doi       = {10.1159/000366212},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199041},
  pages     = {259-267},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The chromosomes of the turnip-tailed gecko Thecadactylus rapicauda from the Falc{\´o}n State in northern Venezuela were examined by means of conventional staining, a variety of banding techniques and in situ hybridization with an 18S + 28S rDNA probe. In female specimens, C-banding analyses detected a cryptic W sex chromosome-associated interstitial heterochromatic segment which is absent in the Z sex chromosome. These ZW sex chromosomes are considered to be in a nascent stage of morphological differentiation and are absent in T. rapicauda collected in Guatemala. The amount, location and fluorochrome affinities of constitutive heterochromatin, the position of the nucleolus organizer region, and the genome sizes of female and male individuals were determined. The previously published cytogenetic data on T. rapicauda are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderElHajjHaaf2014,
  author    = {Schneider, Eberhard and El Hajj, Nady and Haaf, Thomas},
  title     = {Epigenetic Information from Ancient DNA Provides New Insights into Human Evolution},
  series = {Brain, Behavior and Evolution},
  volume    = {84},
  journal   = {Brain, Behavior and Evolution},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {0006-8977},
  doi       = {10.1159/000365650},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196800},
  pages     = {169-171},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchravenDalhoffWildensteinetal.2014,
  author    = {Schraven, Sebastian P. and Dalhoff, Ernst and Wildenstein, Daniela and Hagen, Rudolf and Gummer, Anthony W. and Mlynski, Robert},
  title     = {Alternative Fixation of an Active Middle Ear Implant at the Short Incus Process},
  series = {Audiology and Neurotology},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {Audiology and Neurotology},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1420-3030},
  doi       = {10.1159/000354981},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196823},
  pages     = {1-11},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Introduction: Since 1996, the preferred approach for positioning the active middle-ear implant Vibrant Soundbridge© is a mastoidectomy and a posterior tympanotomy. With this device, placement of the floating mass transducer (FMT) on the long incus process is the standard method for treatment of mild-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss in the case of normal middle-ear anatomy. The aim of this study was to determine the vibrational effectiveness of FMT placement at the short incus process. Materials and Methods: An extended antrotomy and a posterior tympanotomy were performed in 5 fresh human temporal bones. As a control for normal middle-ear function, the tympanic membrane was stimulated acoustically and the vibration of the stapes footplate and the round-window (RW) membrane were (sequentially) measured by laser Doppler vibrometry. Vibration responses for coupling of an FMT to the long incus process (standard coupling) were compared to those for coupling to the short incus process. Results: Apart from narrow frequency bands near 3 and 9 kHz for the stapes footplate and RW membrane, respectively, the velocity responses presented no significant differences between standard coupling of the FMT and coupling to the short incus process. Conclusion: Coupling the FMT to the short incus process may be a viable alternative in cases where the surgical approach is limited to an extended antrotomy. A reliable technique for attachment to the short incus process has yet to be developed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KraftDrechslerGunrebenetal.2014,
  author    = {Kraft, Peter and Drechsler, Christiane and Gunreben, Ignaz and Heuschmann, Peter Ulrich and Kleinschnitz, Christoph},
  title     = {Regulation of Blood Coagulation Factors XI and XII in Patients with Acute and Chronic Cerebrovascular Disease: A Case-Control Study},
  series = {Cerebrovascular Diseases},
  volume    = {38},
  journal   = {Cerebrovascular Diseases},
  number    = {5},
  issn      = {1015-9770},
  doi       = {10.1159/000368434},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199076},
  pages     = {337-343},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Animal models have implicated an integral role for coagulation factors XI (FXI) and XII (FXII) in thrombus formation and propagation of ischemic stroke (IS). However, it is unknown if these molecules contribute to IS pathophysiology in humans, and might be of use as biomarkers for IS risk and severity. This study aimed to identify predictors of altered FXI and FXII levels and to determine whether there are differences in the levels of these coagulation factors between acute cerebrovascular events and chronic cerebrovascular disease (CCD). Methods: In this case-control study, 116 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transitory ischemic attack (TIA), 117 patients with CCD, and 104 healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled between 2010 and 2013 at our University hospital. Blood sampling was undertaken once in the CCD and HV groups and on days 0, 1, and 3 after stroke onset in patients with AIS or TIA. Correlations between serum FXI and FXII levels and demographic and clinical parameters were tested by linear regression and analysis of variance. Results: The mean age of AIS/TIA patients was 70 ± 12. Baseline clinical severity measured with NIHSS and Barthel Index was 4.8 ± 6.0 and 74 ± 30, respectively. More than half of the patients had an AIS (58\%). FXI levels were significantly correlated with different leukocyte subsets (p < 0.05). In contrast, FXII serum levels showed no significant correlation (p > 0.1). Neither FXI nor FXII levels correlated with CRP (p > 0.2). FXII levels were significantly higher in patients with CCD compared with those with AIS/TIA (mean ± SD 106 ± 26\% vs. 97 ± 24\%; univariate analysis: p < 0.05); these differences did not reach significance in multivariate analysis adjusted for sex and age. FXI levels did not differ significantly between study groups. Sex and age were significantly associated with FXI and/or FXII levels in patients with AIS/TIA (p < 0.05). In contrast, no statistical significant influence was found for treatment modality (thrombolysis or not), pre-treatment with platelet inhibitors, and severity of stroke. Conclusions: In this study, there was no differential regulation of FXI and FXII levels between disease subtypes but biomarker levels were associated with patient and clinical characteristics. FXI and FXII levels might be no valid biomarker for predicting stroke risk.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderGutjahrLengsfeldRitzetal.2014,
  author    = {Schneider, Andreas and Gutjahr-Lengsfeld, Lena and Ritz, Eberhard and Scharnagl, Hubert and Gelbrich, G{\"o}tz and Pilz, Stefan and Macdougall, Iain C. and Wanner, Christoph and Drechsler, Christiane},
  title     = {Longitudinal Assessments of Erythropoietin-Stimulating Agent Responsiveness and the Association with Specific Clinical Outcomes in Dialysis Patients},
  series = {Nephron Clinical Practice},
  volume    = {128},
  journal   = {Nephron Clinical Practice},
  number    = {1-2},
  issn      = {1660-2110},
  doi       = {10.1159/000367975},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196511},
  pages     = {147-152},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Dose requirements of erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) can vary considerably over time and may be associated with cardiovascular outcomes. We aimed to longitudinally assess ESA responsiveness over time and to investigate its association with specific clinical end points in a time-dependent approach. Methods: The German Diabetes and Dialysis study (4D study) included 1,255 diabetic dialysis patients, of whom 1,161 were receiving ESA treatment. In those patients, the erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) was assessed every 6 months during a median follow-up of 4 years. The association between the ERI and cardiovascular end points was analyzed by time-dependent Cox regression analyses with repeated ERI measures. Results: Patients had a mean age of 66 ± 8.2 years; 53\% were male. During follow-up, a total of 495 patients died, of whom 136 died of sudden death and 102 of infectious death. The adjusted and time-dependent risk for sudden death was increased by 19\% per 5-unit increase in the ERI (hazard ratio, HR = 1.19, 95\% confidence interval, CI = 1.07-1.33). Similarly, mortality increased by 25\% (HR = 1.25, 95\% CI = 1.18-1.32) and infectious death increased by 27\% (HR = 1.27, 95\% CI = 1.13-1.42). Further analysis revealed that lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were associated with lower ESA responsiveness (p = 0.046). Conclusions: In diabetic dialysis patients, we observed that time-varying erythropoietin resistance is associated with sudden death, infectious complications and all-cause mortality. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels may contribute to a lower ESA responsiveness.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoucennaMorisi2014,
  author    = {Boucenna, Sofiane M. and Morisi, Stefano},
  title     = {Theories relating baryon asymmetry and dark matter},
  series = {Frontiers in Physics},
  volume    = {1},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Physics},
  issn      = {2296-424X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphy.2013.00033},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-190612},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The nature of dark matter and the origin of the baryon asymmetry are two of the deepest mysteries of modern particle physics. In the absence of hints regarding a possible solution to these mysteries, many approaches have been developed to tackle them simultaneously leading to very diverse and rich models. We give a short review where we describe the general features of some of these models and an overview on the general problem. We also propose a diagrammatic notation to label the different models.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Schulze2014,
  author    = {Schulze, Daniel},
  title     = {Josephine Machon. Immersive Theatres: Intimacy and Immediacy in Contemporary Performance. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2013, xix + 324 pp., € 22,30.},
  series = {Journal of Contemporary Drama in English},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Journal of Contemporary Drama in English},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {2195-0164},
  doi       = {10.1515/jcde-2014-0037},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-194050},
  pages     = {356-360},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Wintjes2014,
  author    = {Wintjes, Jorit},
  title     = {Heinz-G{\"u}nther Nesselrath, Libanios. Zeuge einer schwindenden Welt, Standorte in Antike und Christentum 4, Stuttgart (Hiersemann) 2012, VII + 165 S., ISBN: 978-3-7772-1208-1, € 39,-.},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Antikes Christentum / Journal of Ancient Christianity},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Antikes Christentum / Journal of Ancient Christianity},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1612-961X},
  doi       = {10.1515/zac-2014-0016},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-194140},
  pages     = {326-354},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Kein Abstract verf{\"u}gbar.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Teichmann2014,
  author    = {Teichmann, Christoph},
  title     = {Die Auslandsgesellschaft \& Co.},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Unternehmens- und Gesellschaftsrecht},
  volume    = {43},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Unternehmens- und Gesellschaftsrecht},
  number    = {2-3},
  issn      = {1612-7048},
  doi       = {10.1515/zgre-2014-0220},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193984},
  pages     = {220 -- 251},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Kein Abstract verf{\"u}gbar.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Beck2014,
  author    = {Beck, Lukas},
  title     = {BGH, Widerruf der Zulassung der Aktie zum Handel im regulierten MarktMit Anmerkung von Lukas Beck.},
  series = {Deutsche Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Wirtschafts- und Insolvenzrecht},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {Deutsche Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Wirtschafts- und Insolvenzrecht},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1612-7056},
  doi       = {10.1515/dwir-2014-0023},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-194910},
  pages     = {92 -- 96},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Kein Abstract verf{\"u}gbar.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Beck2014,
  author    = {Beck, Lukas},
  title     = {Die Reform des Verbraucherschutzrechts},
  series = {JURA - Juristische Ausbildung},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {JURA - Juristische Ausbildung},
  number    = {7},
  issn      = {1612-7021},
  doi       = {10.1515/jura-2014-0078},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193956},
  pages     = {666 -- 677},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Kein Abstract verf{\"u}gbar.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Beck2014,
  author    = {Beck, Lukas},
  title     = {Perspektiven eines Konzerninsolvenzrechts},
  series = {Deutsche Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Wirtschafts- und Insolvenzrecht},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {Deutsche Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Wirtschafts- und Insolvenzrecht},
  number    = {8},
  issn      = {1612-7056},
  doi       = {10.1515/dwir-2014-0097},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-194954},
  pages     = {381 -- 388},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Kein Abstract verf{\"u}gbar.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Stickler2014,
  author    = {Stickler, Matthias},
  title     = {Traba, Robert: Ostpreußen - die Konstruktion einer deutschen Provinz. Eine Studie zur regionalen und nationalen Identit{\"a}t 1914-1933},
  series = {Jahrbuch f{\"u}r die Geschichte Mittel- und Ostdeutschlands},
  volume    = {60},
  journal   = {Jahrbuch f{\"u}r die Geschichte Mittel- und Ostdeutschlands},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {2191-9909},
  doi       = {10.1515/jgmo-2014-0070},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-194969},
  pages     = {371 -- 373},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Rezension zu Traba, Robert: Ostpreußen - die Konstruktion einer deutschen Provinz. Eine Studie zur regionalen und nationalen Identit{\"a}t 1914-1933},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Heessel2014,
  author    = {Heeßel, Nils P.},
  title     = {Gehlken, Erlend: Weather Omens of Enūma Anu Enlil},
  series = {Orientalistische Literaturzeitung},
  volume    = {109},
  journal   = {Orientalistische Literaturzeitung},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {De Gruyter Akademie Forschung},
  issn      = {0030-5383},
  doi       = {10.1515/olzg-2014-0138},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195067},
  pages     = {435-437},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Rezension zu Gehlken, Erlend: Weather Omens of Enūma Anu Enlil. Thunderstorms, Wind and Rain (Tablets 44-49). Leiden/Boston: Brill 2012. X, 286 S, 47 Pl. 8°= Cuneiform Mo-nographs 43. Hartbd. € 105,00. ISBN 978-90-04-22588-6.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LudwigsWeidermann2014,
  author    = {Ludwigs, Markus and Weidermann, Sabine},
  title     = {Drittwirkung der Europ{\"a}ischen Grundfreiheiten - Von der Divergenz zur Konvergenz?},
  series = {JURA - Juristische Ausbildung},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {JURA - Juristische Ausbildung},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1612-7021},
  doi       = {10.1515/jura-2014-0018},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195190},
  pages     = {152-165},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Kein Abstract verf{\"u}gbar.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Beck2014,
  author    = {Beck, Lukas},
  title     = {Positive Publizit{\"a}t des Handelsregisters gem. \S 15 Abs. 3 HGB},
  series = {JURA - Juristische Ausbildung},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {JURA - Juristische Ausbildung},
  number    = {5},
  issn      = {1612-7021},
  doi       = {10.1515/jura-2014-0059},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195229},
  pages     = {507-513},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Kein Abstract verf{\"u}gbar.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Karremann2014,
  author    = {Karremann, Isabel},
  title     = {April London.The Cambridge Introduction to the Eighteenth-Century Novel. Cambridge Introductions to Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012, 260 pp., \$ 26.99 pb.},
  series = {Anglia},
  volume    = {132},
  journal   = {Anglia},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1865-8938},
  doi       = {10.1515/ang-2014-0064},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195307},
  pages     = {611-615},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Gwosdek2014,
  author    = {Gwosdek, Hedwig},
  title     = {Nicholas Orme. English School Exercises, 1420-1530. Studies and Texts 181. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2013, xi + 441 pp., \$ 95.00.},
  series = {Anglia},
  volume    = {132},
  journal   = {Anglia},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1865-8938},
  doi       = {10.1515/ang-2014-0063},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195318},
  pages     = {607-610},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Guenther2014,
  author    = {G{\"u}nther, Friederike Felicitas},
  title     = {Dieter Martin/Thomas Seedorf (Hgg.), Lied und Lyrik um 1900},
  series = {Arbitrium},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Arbitrium},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {0723-2977},
  doi       = {10.1515/arbi-2014-0007},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195431},
  pages     = {112-115},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Rezension zu Dieter Martin/Thomas Seedorf (Hgg.), Lied und Lyrik um 1900},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Kiesler2014,
  author    = {Kiesler, Reinhard},
  title     = {Anja Overbeck / Wolfgang Schweickard / Harald V{\"o}lker (edd.), Lexikon, Variet{\"a}t, Philologie: Romanistische Studien. G{\"u}nter Holtus zum 65. Geburtstag, Berlin, De Gruyter, 2011, XLIV + 824 p.},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r romanische Philologie},
  volume    = {130},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r romanische Philologie},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {1865-9063},
  doi       = {10.1515/zrp-2014-0108},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195505},
  pages     = {1165 -- 1170},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Kein Abstract verf{\"u}gbar.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Kiesler2014,
  author    = {Kiesler, Reinhard},
  title     = {Sabine Bastian / Thierry Bulot / Elisabeth Burr (edd.), Sociolinguistique urbaine. Identit{\´e}s et mise en mots (Sprache - Kultur - Gesellschaft, 6), M{\"u}nchen, Meidenbauer, 2011, 161 p.},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r romanische Philologie},
  volume    = {130},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r romanische Philologie},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {1865-9063},
  doi       = {10.1515/zrp-2014-0097},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195517},
  pages     = {1083 -- 1086},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Kein Abstract verf{\"u}gbar.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Kraschl2014,
  author    = {Kraschl, Dominikus},
  title     = {Franz von Kutschera {\"u}ber ungegenst{\"a}ndliche Erfahrungen und ihre (religions-)philosophische Bedeutung},
  series = {Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie},
  volume    = {56},
  journal   = {Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {0028-3517},
  doi       = {10.1515/nzsth-2014-0024},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195533},
  pages     = {422 -- 440},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag diskutiert im Anschluss an Franz von Kutschera die (religions-)philosophische und theologische Bedeutung ungegenst{\"a}ndlicher Erfahrungen. Es handelt sich um Erfahrungen, die sich nicht oder nur bedingt als Erfahrungen eines Subjekts von einem Objekt beschreiben lassen. Besonders in den Blick genommen wird die Relevanz ungegenst{\"a}ndlicher Erfahrungen sowohl f{\"u}r die Semantik religi{\"o}ser Rede als auch f{\"u}r die Epistemologie religi{\"o}ser {\"U}berzeugungen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird argumentiert, dass die kognitive Relevanz dieser Erfahrungen davon abh{\"a}ngt, ob sie innerhalb eines weltanschaulichen Paradigmas einen Beitrag zu einem koh{\"a}renten und umfassenden Verst{\"a}ndnis der uns begegnenden Wirklichkeit leisten.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Reber2014,
  author    = {Reber, Elisabeth},
  title     = {Constructing evidence at Prime Minister's Question Time: An analysis of the grammar, semantics and pragmatics of the verb see},
  series = {Intercultural Pragmatics},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Intercultural Pragmatics},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1613-365X},
  doi       = {10.1515/ip-2014-0017},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195549},
  pages     = {357 -- 387},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Abstract Constructing evidence constitutes a practice to establish the speaker's authority at Prime Minister's Question Time (PMQT), a weekly half-hour session in the British House of Commons. Here the verb see constitutes a resource for both the questioning Leader of the Opposition (LO) and Members of Parliament (MP) as well as for the responding Prime Minister (PM) to claim first-hand perceptual experience. This paper takes an integrated approach, offering a combined analysis of the grammatical formatting, semantics and pragmatics of the verb see in the context of evidential moves at PMQT. It shows how the verb see is functional in referring to the perceptual basis of a claim made and how its grammatical formatting is reflective of the contingencies of the local interactional context. The analysis is grounded in 32 sessions of PMQT (ca. 16 hrs of video-recordings). The results can be summarised as follows: 1) The evidential function of the verb is achieved through its context-specific grammatical formatting and semantics. 2) The reference to the perceptual basis of a claim evoked by see may co-occur with epistemic qualification and evaluative expressions. 3) The formatting of the verb may be indexical of the political relationship between the questioner and the responding PM.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{StaffeldtOtt2014,
  author    = {Staffeldt, Sven and Ott, Christine},
  title     = {Sprechen als kommunikative Ressource. Was die linguistische Pragmatik f{\"u}r den Kompetenzbereich ‚Sprechen' zu bieten hat},
  series = {Deutschunterricht am Gymnasium. Was kann die Sprachwissenschaft leisten?},
  booktitle = {Deutschunterricht am Gymnasium. Was kann die Sprachwissenschaft leisten?},
  publisher = {Schneider Verlag Hohengehren},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-210649},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {66-83},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Kein Abstract verf{\"u}gbar},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Ott2014,
  author    = {Ott, Christine},
  title     = {Das Schulbuch beim Wort nehmen - Linguistische Methodik in der Schulbuchforschung},
  series = {Methodologie und Methoden der Schulbuch- und Lehrmittelforschung},
  booktitle = {Methodologie und Methoden der Schulbuch- und Lehrmittelforschung},
  publisher = {Verlag Julius Klinkhardt},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-210394},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {254-263},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Kein Abstract verf{\"u}gbar.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PapenfortVogel2014,
  author    = {Papenfort, Kai and Vogel, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Small RNA functions in carbon metabolism and virulence of enteric pathogens},
  series = {Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology},
  number    = {91},
  issn      = {2235-2988},
  doi       = {10.3389/fcimb.2014.00091},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197520},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Enteric pathogens often cycle between virulent and saprophytic lifestyles. To endure these frequent changes in nutrient availability and composition bacteria possess an arsenal of regulatory and metabolic genes allowing rapid adaptation and high flexibility. While numerous proteins have been characterized with regard to metabolic control in pathogenic bacteria, small non-coding RNAs have emerged as additional regulators of metabolism. Recent advances in sequencing technology have vastly increased the number of candidate regulatory RNAs and several of them have been found to act at the interface of bacterial metabolism and virulence factor expression. Importantly, studying these riboregulators has not only provided insight into their metabolic control functions but also revealed new mechanisms of post-transcriptional gene control. This review will focus on the recent advances in this area of host-microbe interaction and discuss how regulatory small RNAs may help coordinate metabolism and virulence of enteric pathogens.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-18074,
  title     = {Das Shopping Center Ph{\"a}nomen - Aktuelle Entwicklungen und Wirkungen},
  editor    = {Kulke, Elmar and Rauh, J{\"u}rgen},
  publisher = {MetaGIS Infosysteme},
  address   = {Mannheim},
  isbn      = {978-3-936438-70-3},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180744},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {167},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Das „Ph{\"a}nomen" Shopping Center besch{\"a}ftigt geographische Handelsforscher und Praktiker seit Jahren gleichermaßen. Dies liegt nicht zuletzt an vielf{\"a}ltigen Prozessen der raum-zeitlichen Ausbreitung, welche auf globaler Ebene zunehmende Internationalisierung, auf der regionalen Ebene r{\"u}cken vermehrt mittelgroße und kleinere St{\"a}dte in den Fokus der Projektentwickler und auf lokaler Ebene ist eine Verlagerung des Ansiedlungsgeschehens von Stadtrandlagen zu innerst{\"a}dtischen Zentren zu beobachten. Auf Akteursseite spielen Projektentwickler und Management eine wichtige Rolle, um Shopping Center zu erfolgreichen Investmentprodukten zu machen, w{\"a}hrend die r{\"a}umliche Planung bei der Bewertung von Projektantr{\"a}gen und bei der Einordnung in st{\"a}dtische Ansiedlungsstrategien und Leitbilder zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen hat, dass Shopping Center eine besondere Raumkonfiguration in den Stadtlandschaften darstellen - mit Auswirkungen auf verschiedene Aspekte der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungen und des sozialen Lebens. Ihre Vertr{\"a}glichkeit mit bestehenden Einzelhandelsstrukturen, ihre Wirkungen auf die Stadtentwicklung sowie auf Kaufkraftstr{\"o}me mit geeigneten Methoden und unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung aktueller Prozesse zu untersuchen, ist Anliegen der Forschung und Praxis. Diesem Anliegen widmet sich der vorliegende Sammelband, wobei der Großteil der Beitr{\"a}ge auf den Vortr{\"a}gen einer Fachsitzung im Rahmen des Deutschen Geographentages 2013 in Passau basiert.},
  subject      = {Deutschland},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{CullLimaPradoGodinhoFernandesRodriguesetal.2014,
  author    = {Cull, Benjamin and Lima Prado Godinho, Joseane and Fernandes Rodrigues, Juliany Cola and Frank, Benjamin and Schurigt, Uta and Williams, Roderick AM and Coombs, Graham H and Mottram, Jeremy C},
  title     = {Glycosome turnover in Leishmania major is mediated by autophagy},
  series = {Autophagy},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Autophagy},
  number    = {12},
  doi       = {10.4161/auto.36438},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150277},
  pages     = {2143-2157},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Autophagy is a central process behind the cellular remodeling that occurs during differentiation of Leishmania, yet the cargo of the protozoan parasite's autophagosome is unknown. We have identified glycosomes, peroxisome-like organelles that uniquely compartmentalize glycolytic and other metabolic enzymes in Leishmania and other kinetoplastid parasitic protozoa, as autophagosome cargo. It has been proposed that the number of glycosomes and their content change during the Leishmania life cycle as a key adaptation to the different environments encountered. Quantification of RFP-SQL-labeled glycosomes showed that promastigotes of L. major possess ~20 glycosomes per cell, whereas amastigotes contain ~10. Glycosome numbers were significantly greater in promastigotes and amastigotes of autophagy-defective L. major Δatg5 mutants, implicating autophagy in glycosome homeostasis and providing a partial explanation for the previously observed growth and virulence defects of these mutants. Use of GFP-ATG8 to label autophagosomes showed glycosomes to be cargo in ~15\% of them; glycosome-containing autophagosomes were trafficked to the lysosome for degradation. The number of autophagosomes increased 10-fold during differentiation, yet the percentage of glycosome-containing autophagosomes remained constant. This indicates that increased turnover of glycosomes was due to an overall increase in autophagy, rather than an upregulation of autophagosomes containing this cargo. Mitophagy of the single mitochondrion was not observed in L. major during normal growth or differentiation; however, mitochondrial remnants resulting from stress-induced fragmentation colocalized with autophagosomes and lysosomes, indicating that autophagy is used to recycle these damaged organelles. These data show that autophagy in Leishmania has a central role not only in maintaining cellular homeostasis and recycling damaged organelles but crucially in the adaptation to environmental change through the turnover of glycosomes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KuhtzSchneiderElHajjetal.2014,
  author    = {Kuhtz, Juliane and Schneider, Eberhard and El Hajj, Nady and Zimmermann, Lena and Fust, Olga and Linek, Bartosz and Seufert, Rudolf and Hahn, Thomas and Schorsch, Martin and Haaf, Thomas},
  title     = {Epigenetic heterogeneity of developmentally important genes in human sperm: Implications for assisted reproduction outcome},
  series = {Epigenetics},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Epigenetics},
  number    = {12},
  doi       = {10.4161/15592294.2014.988063},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150261},
  pages     = {1648-1658},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The molecular basis of male infertility is poorly understood, the majority of cases remaining unsolved. The association of aberrant sperm DNA methylation patterns and compromised semen parameters suggests that disturbances in male germline epigenetic reprogramming contribute to this problem. So far there are only few data on the epigenetic heterogeneity of sperm within a given sample and how to select the best sperm for successful infertility treatment. Limiting dilution bisulfite sequencing of small pools of sperm from fertile donors did not reveal significant differences in the occurrence of abnormal methylation imprints between sperm with and without morphological abnormalities. Intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection was not associated with an improved epigenetic quality, compared to standard intracytoplasmatic sperm injection. Deep bisulfite sequencing (DBS) of 2 imprinted and 2 pluripotency genes in sperm from men attending a fertility center showed that in both samples with normozoospermia and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) the vast majority of sperm alleles was normally (de)methylated and the percentage of epimutations (allele methylation errors) was generally low (<1\%). However, DBS allowed one to identify and quantify these rare epimutations with high accuracy. Sperm samples not leading to a pregnancy, in particular in the OAT group, had significantly more epimutations in the paternally methylated GTL2 gene than samples leading to a live birth. All 13 normozoospermic and 13 OAT samples leading to a child had <1\% GTL2 epimutations, whereas one (7\%) of 14 normozoospermic and 7 (50\%) of 14 OAT samples without pregnancy displayed 1-14\% GTL2 epimutations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Fischer2014,
  author    = {Fischer, Doris},
  title     = {The Impact of Changing Incentives in China on International Cooperation in Social Science Research on China},
  series = {Journal of Current Chinese Affairs},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Journal of Current Chinese Affairs},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1868-4874},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-120524},
  pages     = {33-46},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Over the past three decades, China's fast economic development has induced considerable changes in China's university and research institution landscape, research financing and academic career incentives. This paper argues that these changes have affected the motivation and the ways in which Chinese scholars engage in international research cooperation. Most recently it has been observed that strong pressures on scholars and scientists - especially at leading academic institutions - to excel in international publications while simultaneously fulfilling their obligation to generate income for their institutions can lead to a dilemma with regard to international research cooperation: Those institutions and scholars most interesting for foreign scholars to cooperate with may be the ones with the least amount of both incentive and time to enter into serious cooperation. This article invites us to reflect on the implications of these changes in the incentive structure for cooperation in social science research on China.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TulodzieckiHerzigGrafe2014,
  author    = {Tulodziecki, Gerhard and Herzig, Bardo and Grafe, Silke},
  title     = {Medienp{\"a}dagogische Forschung als gestaltungsorientierte Bildungsforschung vor dem Hintergrund praxis- und theorierelevanter Forschungsans{\"a}tze in der Erziehungswissenschaft.},
  series = {MedienP{\"a}dagogik, Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung},
  journal   = {MedienP{\"a}dagogik, Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung},
  issn      = {1424-3636},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-120284},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {In der Diskussion um eine gegenstandsad{\"a}quate Forschungsmethodik f{\"u}r die P{\"a}dagogik bzw. Erziehungswissenschaft stellt deren Bedeutung f{\"u}r eine theoriebasierte Verbesserung der Erziehungs- und Bildungspraxis ein wichtiges Thema dar. Da die Medienp{\"a}dagogik als erziehungswissenschaftliche Teildisziplin zu verstehen ist, gelten f{\"u}r die medienp{\"a}dagogische Forschung gleichermassen die Fragen nach ihrem Stellenwert f{\"u}r die Weiterentwicklung medienp{\"a}dagogischer Praxis und f{\"u}r ihre theoretische Fundierung. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in unserem Beitrag verschiedene erziehungswissenschaftliche Forschungsans{\"a}tze mit medienp{\"a}dagogischen Bez{\"u}gen skizziert, die in besonderer Weise auf eine theoriebasierte Verbesserung der Erziehungs- und Bildungspraxis zielen: die Aktionsforschung, die praxis- und theorieorientierte Entwicklung und Evaluation von Konzepten f{\"u}r p{\"a}dagogisches Handeln, der Design-Based Research-Ansatz sowie das Konzept der entwicklungsorientierten Bildungsforschung. In einer Zusammenschau werden zehn Merkmale entsprechender Forschungsans{\"a}tze aufgezeigt und im Hinblick auf eine gestaltungsorientierte medienp{\"a}dagogische Forschung kommentiert: Gestaltung als Bestandteil des Forschungsprozesses und der Wissensgenerierung, Praxisrelevanz und Praxistauglichkeit, Reflexion von Wertbez{\"u}gen, Theoriefundierung und Theorieentwicklung, empirische Fundierung und Kontrolle, Forschung als zirkul{\"a}rer und iterativer Prozess, Zusammenwirken von Praxis und Wissenschaft, Forschung als Beitrag zur Professionalisierung, Verkn{\"u}pfung unterschiedlicher Forschungsmethoden, Diskussion von G{\"u}tekriterien und Qualit{\"a}tsstandards.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Makgotlho2014,
  author    = {Makgotlho, Phuti Edward},
  title     = {Molecular characterization of the staphylococcal two component system sae and its role in the regulation of the adhesin Eap under SDS stress stimulation},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149403},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The Staphylococcus aureus two component system (TCS) sae governs expression of numerous virulence factors, including Eap (extracellular adherence protein), which in turn among other functions also mediates invasion of host cells. The sae TCS is encoded by the saePQRS operon, with saeS coding for the sensor histidine kinase (SaeS) and saeR encoding the response regulator (SaeR). The saeRS system is preceded by two additional open reading frames (ORFs), saeP and saeQ, which are predicted to encode a lipoprotein (SaeP) and a membrane protein (SaeQ), respectively. Earlier, we have shown that SDS-containing subinhibitory concentrations of biocides (Perform®) and SDS alone activate sae transcription and increase cellular invasiveness in S. aureus strain Newman. The effect is associated with an amino acid exchange in the N-terminus of SaeS (L18P), specific to strain Newman. In this work, the role of whether the two additional genes, saePQ coding for the accessory proteins SaeP and SaeQ, respectively, are involved in SDS-mediated saeRS was investigated. It could demonstrated that the lack of the SaeP protein resulted in an increased saeRS transcription without SDS stress in both SaeSL/P variants, while the SDS effect was less pronounced on sae and eap expression compared to the Newman wildtype, suggesting that the SaeP protein represses the sae system. Also, SDS-mediated inductions of sae and eap transcription along with enhanced invasion were found to be dependent on presence of the SaeSP variant in Newman wildtype. On the other hand, the study also shows that the saePQ region of the sae operon is required for fully functional two-component system saeRS under normal growth conditions, but it is not involved in SDS-mediated activation of the saeS signaling and sae-target class I gene, eap. In the second approach, the study investigates whether SDS-induced sae expression and host cell invasion is common among S. aureus strains not carrying the (L18P) point mutation. To demonstrate this strain Newman, its isogenic saeS mutants, and various S. aureus isolates were analysed for sae, eap expression and cellular invasiveness. Among the strains tested, SDS exposure resulted only in an increase of sae transcription, Eap production and cellular invasiveness in strain Newman wild type and MRSA strain ST239-635/93R, the latter without an increase in Eap. Interestingly, the epidemic community-associated MRSA strain, USA300 LAC showed a biphasic response in sae transcription at different growth stages, which, however, was not accompanied by increased invasiveness. All other clinical isolates investigated displayed a decrease of the parameters tested. While in strain Newman the SDS effect was due to the saeSP allele, this was not the case in strain ST239-635/93R and the biphasic USA300 strains. Also, increased invasiveness of ST239-635/93R was found to be independent of Eap production. Furthermore, to investigate the global effect of SDS on sae target gene expression, strain Newman wild-type and Newman ∆sae were treated with SDS and analyzed for their transcription profiles of sae target genes using microarray assays. We could show that subinhibitory concentrations of SDS upregulate and downregulate gene expression of several signaling pathways involved in biosynthetic, metabolic pathways as well as virulence, host cell adherence, stress reponse and many hypothetical proteins. In summary, the study sheds light on the role of the upstream region saePQ in SDS-mediated saeRS and eap expression during S. aureus SDS stress. Most importantly, the study also shows that subinhibitory SDS concentrations have pronounced strain-dependent effects on sae transcription and subsequent host cell invasion in S. aureus, with the latter likely to be mediated in some strains by other factors than the known invasin Eap and FnBP proteins. Moreover, there seems to exist more than the saeSP-mediated mechanism for SDS-induced sae transcription in clinical S. aureus isolates. These results help to further understand and clarify virulence and pathogenesis mechanisms and their regulation in S. aureus.},
  subject      = {Staphylococcus aureus},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Koch2014,
  author    = {Koch, Miriam},
  title     = {Role of Coagulation Factor XII in Atherosclerosis},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-97850},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Atherosclerosis is considered a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial vessel wall which is not only modulated by innate and adaptive immune responses but also by factors of the blood coagulation system. In general hypercoagulability seems to increase the development and progression of experimental atherosclerosis in mice on an atherogenic background. In addition, the great majority of coagulation proteins including coagulation factor XII (FXII) have been detected in early and advanced human atherosclerotic lesions supporting the cross-link between the coagulation system and atherosclerosis. Moreover, FXII has been detected in close proximity to macrophages, foam cells and smooth muscle cells in these lesions and has been demonstrated to be functionally active in human plaques. Although these data indicate that factor XII may play a role in atherogenesis a direct contribution of FXII to atherogenesis has not been addressed experimentally to date. Furthermore, clinical studies examining the function of FXII in vascular disease have yielded conflicting results. Hence, in order to investigate the function of coagulation factor XII in atherosclerosis apolipoprotein E and FXII-deficient (F12\(^{-/-}\) apoE\(^{-/-}\)) mice were employed. Compared to F12\(^{+/+}\)apoE\(^{-/-}\) controls, atherosclerotic lesion formation was reduced in F12\(^{-/-}\)apoE\(^{-/-}\) mice, associated with diminished systemic T-cell activation and Th1-cell polarization after 12 weeks of high fat diet. Moreover, a significant decrease in plasma levels of complement factor C5a was evidenced in F12\(^{-/-}\)apoE\(^{-/-}\) mice. Interestingly, C5a increased the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in dendritic cells (DCs) and enhanced their capacity to trigger antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFNγ) production in OTII CD4\(^+\) T cells in vitro. Importantly, a reduction in frequencies of IL-12 expressing splenic DCs from atherosclerotic F12\(^{-/-}\)apoE\(^{-/-}\) versus F12\(^{+/+}\)apoE\(^{-/-}\) mice was observed in vivo, accompanied by a diminished splenic Il12 transcript expression and significantly reduced IL-12 serum levels. Consequently, these data reveal FXII to play an important role in atherosclerotic lesion formation and to promote DC-induced and systemic IL 12 expression as well as pro-inflammatory T-cell responses likely at least in part via the activation of the complement system.},
  subject      = {Gerinnungsfaktor XII},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schneckenburger2014,
  author    = {Schneckenburger, Manuel},
  title     = {Was bedeutet eine {\"A}nderung der Kontrastmittelaufnahme in niedrig malignen Gliomen bei Kindern?},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-145403},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Bei niedriggradigen Gliomen WHO I° und II° ist das Kontrastmittelverhalten variabel und nicht mit der Prognose assoziiert. Andererseits wurde bei spontanen Regressionen von niedriggradigen Gliomen bei Patienten sowohl mit als auch ohne eine Neurofibromatose Typ I eine Abnahme der Kontrastmittelaufnahme berichtet. Vielleicht deswegen verleitet eine Zunahme des Enhancements oder ein neu aufgetretenes Enhancement nicht selten zur Diagnose einer Tumorprogression. Es stellt sich also die Frage, ob eine Kontrastmittelaufnahme bei LGGs mit einer Gr{\"o}ßenzunahme somit einem Tumorprogress assoziiert ist. Es l{\"a}sst sich eine {\"u}berdurchschnittliche Assoziation einer {\"A}nderung der Kontrastmittelaufnahme mit dem Wachstumsverhalten bei LGGs nachweisen. Allerdings ist das Maß f{\"u}r eine Progression oder Regression weiterhin die Gr{\"o}ßen{\"a}nderung des Tumors. Auch eine neue Kontrastmittelaufnahme innerhalb eines Tumors hat keine Bedeutung f{\"u}r das aktuelle Staging. Sie findet sich zwar h{\"a}ufiger bei Wachstum aber auch bei regredienten Tumoren.},
  subject      = {Gliom},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Mathes2014,
  author    = {Mathes, Denise Sandra},
  title     = {Die Rolle von T-Lymphozyten im myokardialen Reperfusionsschaden},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110802},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Der Myokardinfarkt (MI) geh{\"o}rt nach wie vor zu den f{\"u}hrenden Todesursachen weltweit. Eine Minimierung der Infarktgr{\"o}ße, die durch die Dauer der Isch{\"a}mie bestimmt wird, ist wesentlich f{\"u}r das {\"U}berleben und die Lebensqualit{\"a}t des Myokardinfarkt-Patienten. Die Reperfusion stellt aktuell eine zentrale klinische Intervention dar, um den myokardialen Schaden einzugrenzen. Dennoch f{\"u}hrt die Reperfusion per se zu zus{\"a}tzlichem Schaden am Herzen. Somit ist die Erforschung neuer Strategien zur Minimierung des myokardialen Reperfusionsschadens international von Interesse. Die Pathophysiologie des myokardialen Reperfusionsschadens ist vielschichtig und einige Komponenten sind auch heute in ihrer Wirkweise noch nicht vollst{\"a}ndig mechanistisch verstanden. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Rolle von CD4+ T-Zellen und insbesondere deren Subpopulation der regulatorischen T-Zellen im myokardialen Reperfusionsschaden und stellt neue, auf T-Zellen abzielende, Therapien in Erg{\"a}nzung zur myokardialen Reperfusion vor. Zun{\"a}chst wurde eine Infiltration von T-Zellen in das Myokard nach Isch{\"a}mie-Reperfusion (I/ R) untersucht. Nach der Isch{\"a}mie-Reperfusion wurden infiltrierende CD4+ T-Zellen als quantitativ f{\"u}hrend und aktiviert identifiziert und erwiesen sich in der Infarktgr{\"o}ßenbestimmung als relevante Mediatoren des Reperfusionsschadens. CD25+Foxp3+ regulatorische T-Zellen (Treg) stellen eine Subpopulation von CD4+ T-Zellen mit immunsuppressiven Eigenschaften dar, die schnell und niederschwellig aktiviert werden k{\"o}nnen und kommen somit als zum Reperfusionsschaden beitragend in Frage. Mit Hilfe des DEREG (DEpletion of REGulatory T cells) -Mausmodells wurde gezeigt, dass regulatorische T-Zellen zum myokardialen Reperfusionsschaden beitragen; Treg-depletierte DEREG-M{\"a}use waren vor dem Reperfusionsschaden gesch{\"u}tzt und zeigten kleinere Infarktgr{\"o}ßen als die Kontrolltiere. Zudem wurde mittels Transferexperimenten gezeigt, dass f{\"u}r den Treg-vermittelten Reperfusionsschaden die Anwesenheit von CD25- konventionellen T-Zellen (Tconv) erforderlich ist. Regulatorische T-Zellen stellen also einen in der vorliegenden Arbeit identifizierten potentiellen Angriffspunkt zur Reduktion des myokardialen Reperfusionsschadens dar. Anhand von T-Zell-Rezeptor transgenen OT-II M{\"a}usen und MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Klasse II Knockout (KO) Tieren wurde gezeigt, dass Autoantigenerkennung im myokardialen Reperfusionsschaden eine Rolle spielt. Zur vollen T-Zell-Aktivierung notwendig ist neben dem MHC Klasse II-Signalweg und Kostimulatoren auch das Molek{\"u}le CD154 (CD40L). Die Gabe eines inhibitorischen anti-CD154-Antik{\"o}rpers reduzierte die Infarktgr{\"o}ße in Wildtyp-Tieren sigifikant. Der myokardiale Reperfusionsschaden kann neben Zellen der adaptiven Immunit{\"a}t auch durch Neutrophile Granulozyten, Pl{\"a}ttchen oder Inflammation des Endothels verst{\"a}rkt werden. Knockout M{\"a}use mit einer Defizienz an CD4+ T-Zellen verf{\"u}gten {\"u}ber eine verbesserte Mikroperfusion. Mechanistisch war nach 24h Reperfusion die absolute Zellzahl an Neutrophilen Granulozyten im CD4 KO im Vergleich zu Wildtyp-M{\"a}usen unver{\"a}ndert; in Endothelzellen war die Regulation bestimmter Gene (VEGFα, TIMP-1 und Eng) nach I/ R im CD4 KO jedoch ver{\"a}ndert. Zusammengefasst zeigt die vorliegende Arbeit eine zentrale Rolle der Antigen-Erkennung durch den T-Zell-Rezeptor zur Aktivierung von CD4+ T-Zellen im myokardialen Reperfusionsschaden. In Anwesenheit von CD4+Foxp3+ T-Zellen ist der Reperfusionsschaden erh{\"o}ht. Somit k{\"o}nnen CD4+Foxp3+ T-Zellen potentiell als Ziel f{\"u}r neuartige Therapien des Myokardinfarkts genutzt werden.},
  subject      = {Reperfusion},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Paul2014,
  author    = {Paul, Mila Marie},
  title     = {Vesikelverkehr in Aktiven Zonen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110791},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Aktive Zonen (AZs) sind hoch spezialisierte, subzellul{\"a}re Kompartimente von Neuronen, die der synaptischen {\"U}bertragung dienen. Sie enthalten Ger{\"u}stproteine wie RIM (Rab3 interacting molecule) sowie elektronendichte Projektionen bestehend aus Bruchpilot bei Drosophila melanogaster oder Bassoon im S{\"a}uger, welche Schl{\"u}sselkomponenten des Vesikelverkehrs darstellen. Bei der Fliege sind Anzahl und Verteilung von Bruchpilot-Molek{\"u}len in AZs relevant f{\"u}r die funktionelle Differenzierung. Ihre Anordnung wird im Abstand von weniger als einem Mikrometer innerhalb einer pr{\"a}synaptischen Endigung reguliert. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden elektrophysiologische Ableitungen und konfokale sowie h{\"o}chstaufl{\"o}sende, immunhistochemische Bildgebung mit dem dSTORM (direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy) Verfahren an larvalen, neuromuskul{\"a}ren Synapsen von Drosophila durchgef{\"u}hrt. Dabei wurde das genetische Potenzial des Modellorganismus genutzt, um relevante Proteinfunktionen und -interaktionen zu analysieren. RIM als zentrale Komponente Aktiver Zonen ist relevant f{\"u}r synaptische Plastizit{\"a}t. Eine als CORD7 (cone-rod dystrophy type 7) bezeichnete Punktmutation (Arginin zu Histidin) innerhalb der 310 Helix der C2A-Dom{\"a}ne von RIM wurde mit erh{\"o}hten kognitiven F{\"a}higkeiten einer Patientengruppe in Verbindung gebracht. Weil die Drosophila C2A-Dom{\"a}ne eine hohe Homologie zur S{\"a}ugerdom{\"a}ne aufweist, konnte der Einfluss dieser Mutation auf Struktur und Funktion von Synapsen untersucht werden. Es zeigte sich, dass der Aminos{\"a}ureaustausch der CORD7-Position und des benachbarten Arginin-Restes die synaptische Organisation und Transmission beeinflussen. In einer Reihe weiterer Experimente wurde das Zusammenspiel von Bruchpilot und Synaptotagmin, dem Calciumsensor der evozierten Transmitterfreisetzung, analysiert. W{\"a}hrend AZs ohne Bruchpilot auch ohne Synaptotagmin funktionieren, f{\"u}hrt dessen Reduktion zu einer Umverteilung von Bruchpilot-Molek{\"u}len innerhalb von AZs und zu dramatischen {\"A}nderungen in ihrer Anzahl. Abschließend wurde so ein Beitrag zum Verst{\"a}ndnis der molekularen Organisation synaptischer Informationsverarbeitung und Plastizit{\"a}t geleistet, wobei zu kl{\"a}ren bleibt, wie die zuverl{\"a}ssige Speicherung von Informationen an AZs erreicht werden kann.},
  subject      = {Aktive Zonen},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Knobloch2014,
  author    = {Knobloch, Gunnar},
  title     = {Biochemical and structural characterization of chronophin},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-11008},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110088},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) family of phosphatases is an ancient, ubiquitous group of enzymes, and their emerging role in human health and disease make them attractive targets for detailed analyses. This thesis comprises the biochemical and structural characterization of chronophin, an HAD-type phosphatase, which has been shown to act on Ser3-phosphorylated cofiln-1, a key regulator of actin dynamics, and on the Ser/Thr-phosphorylated steroid receptor co-activator 3 (SRC-3). Besides being a specific phosphoprotein phosphatase, chronophin also acts on the small molecule pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP, vitamin B6), implying that chronophin serves as a regulator of a variety important physiological pathways. The analysis of chronophin was performed on different levels, ranging from intrinsic regulatory mechanisms, such as the allosteric regulation via dimerization or the characterization of specificity determinants, to modes of extrinsic modulation, including the association with putative interacting proteins or the generation of chronophin-specific inhibitors. The association of the previously identified putative chronophin interactors calcium- and integrinbinding protein 1 (CIB1) and calmodulin was investigated using recombinantly expressed and purified proteins. These studies revealed that the interaction of chronophin with CIB1 or calmodulin is mutually exclusive and regulated by calcium. Neither CIB1 nor calmodulin had an effect on the in vitro chronophin phosphatase activity towards PLP or phospho-cofilin-1, but might regulate other functions of this important phosphatase. The role of chronophin dimerization was studied by generating a constitutively monomeric variant, which showed reduced PLP hydrolyzing activity. X-ray crystallographic studies revealed that dimerization is essential for the positioning of the substrate specificity loop in chronophin, unraveling a previously unknown mechanism of allosteric regulation through a homophilic interaction. This mechanism potentially applies to other enzymes of the C2a subfamily of HAD-type phosphatases, as all structurally characterized members show a conserved mode of dimerization. The general determinants of substrate specificity in the C2a subfamily of HAD phosphatases were investigated by performing domain swapping experiments with chronophin and its paralog AUM and subsequent biochemical analyses of the hybrid proteins. The X-ray crystallographic structure determination of the chronophin catalytic domain equipped with the AUM capping domain revealed the first partial structure of AUM. This structural information was then used in subsequent studies that analyzed the divergent substrate specificities of AUM and chronophin in an evolutionary context. Finally, a set of four chronophin inhibitors were generated based on the structure of PLP and characterized biochemically, showing moderate inhibitory effects with IC50-values in the micromolar range. These compounds nevertheless constitute valuable tools for future in vitro experiments, such as studies concerning the structure-function relationship of chronophin as a PLP phosphatase. In addition, the crystal structure of one inhibitor bound to chronophin could be solved. These results provide the basis for the further development of competitive chronophin inhibitors with increased specificity and potency.},
  subject      = {Phosphatasen},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schaefer2014,
  author    = {Sch{\"a}fer, Christin Marliese},
  title     = {Approaching antimicrobial resistance - Structural and functional characterization of the fungal transcription factor Mrr1 from Candida albicans and the bacterial ß-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase FadA5 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-108400},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The number of fungal infections is rising in Germany and worldwide. These infections are mainly caused by the opportunistic fungal pathogen C. albicans, which especially harms immunocompromised people. With increasing numbers of fungal infections, more frequent and longer lasting treatments are necessary and lead to an increase of drug resistances, for example against the clinically applied therapeutic fluconazole. Drug resistance in C. albicans can be mediated by the Multidrug resistance pump 1 (Mdr1), a membrane transporter belonging to the major facilitator family. However, Mdr1-mediated fluconazole drug resistance is caused by the pump's regulator, the transcription factor Mrr1 (Multidrug resistance regulator 1). It was shown that Mrr1 is hyperactive without stimulation or further activation in resistant strains which is due to so called gain of function mutations in the MRR1 gene. To understand the mechanism that lays behind this constitutive activity of Mrr1, the transcription factor should be structurally and functionally (in vitro) characterized which could provide a basis for successful drug development to target Mdr1-mediated drug resistance caused by Mrr1. Therefore, the entire 1108 amino acid protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. However, further purification was compromised as the protein tended to form aggregates, unsuitable for crystallization trials or further characterization experiments. Expression trials in the eukaryote Pichia pastoris neither yielded full length nor truncated Mrr1 protein. In order to overcome the aggregation problem, a shortened variant, missing the N-terminal 249 amino acids named Mrr1 '250', was successfully expressed in E. coli and could be purified without aggregation. Similar to the wild type Mrr1 '250', selected gain of function variants were successfully cloned, expressed and purified with varying yields and with varying purity. The Mrr1 `250' construct contains most of the described regulatory domains of Mrr1. It was used for crystallization and an initial comparative analysis between the wild type protein and the variants. The proposed dimeric form of the transcription factor, necessary for DNA binding, could be verified for both, the wild type and the mutant proteins. Secondary structure analysis by circular dichroism measurements revealed no significant differences in the overall fold of the wild type and variant proteins. In vitro, the gain of function variants seem to be less stable compared to the wild type protein, as they were more prone to degradation. Whether this observation holds true for the full length protein's stability in vitro and in vivo remains to be determined. The crystallization experiments, performed with the Mrr1 '250' constructs, led to few small needle shaped or cubic crystals, which did not diffract very well and were hardly reproducible. Therefore no structural information of the transcription factor could be gained so far. Infections with M. tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, are the leading cause of mortality among bacterial diseases. Especially long treatment times, an increasing number of resistant strains and the prevalence of for decades persisting bacteria create the necessity for new drugs against this disease. The cholesterol import and metabolism pathways were discovered as promising new targets and interestingly they seem to play an important role for the chronic stage of the tuberculosis infection and for persisting bacteria. In this thesis, the 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase FadA5 from M. tuberculosis was characterized and the potential for specifically targeting this enzyme was investigated. FadA5 catalyzes the last step of the β-oxidation reaction in the side-chain degradation pathway of cholesterol. We solved the three dimensional structure of this enzyme by X-ray crystallography and obtained two different apo structures and three structures in complex with acetyl-CoA, CoA and a hydrolyzed steroid-CoA, which is the natural product of FadA5. Analysis of the FadA5 apo structures revealed a typical thiolase fold as it is common for biosynthetic and degradative enzymes of this class for one of the structures. The second apo structure showed deviations from the typical thiolase fold. All obtained structures show the enzyme as a dimer, which is consistent with the observed dimer formation in solution. Thus the dimer is likely to be the catalytically active form of the enzyme. Besides the characteristic structural fold, the catalytic triad, comprising two cysteines and one histidine, as well as the typical coenzyme A binding site of enzymes belonging to the thiolase class could be identified. The two obtained apo structures differed significantly from each other. One apo structure is in agreement with the characteristic thiolase fold and the well-known dimer interface could be identified in our structure. The same characteristics were observed in all complex structures. In contrast, the second apo structure followed the thiolase fold only partially. One subdomain, spanning 30 amino acids, was in a different orientation. This reorientation was caused by the formation of two disulfide bonds, including the active site cysteines, which rendered the enzyme inactive. The disulfide bonds together with the resulting domain swap still permitted dimer formation, yet with a significantly shifted dimer interface. The comparison of the apo structures together with the preliminary activity analysis performed by our collaborator suggest, that FadA5 can be inactivated by oxidation and reactivated by reduction. If this redox switch is of biological importance requires further evaluation, however, this would be the first reported example of a bacterial thiolase employing redox regulation. Our obtained complex structures represent different stages of the thiolase reaction cycle. In some complex structures, FadA5 was found to be acetylated at the catalytic cysteine and it was in complex with acetyl-CoA or CoA. These structures, together with the FadA5 structure in complex with a hydrolyzed steroid-CoA, revealed important insights into enzyme dynamics upon ligand binding and release. The steroid-bound structure is as yet a unique example of a thiolase enzyme interacting with a complex ligand. The characterized enzyme was used as platform for modeling studies and for comparison with human thiolases. These studies permitted initial conclusions regarding the specific targetability of FadA5 as a drug target against M. tuberculosis infection, taking the closely related human enzymes into account. Additional analyses led to the proposal of a specific lead compound based on the steroid and ligand interactions within the active site of FadA5.},
  subject      = {Multidrug-Resistenz},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Horn2014,
  author    = {Horn, Anne},
  title     = {Die Wirkung von Dopamin und Faktoren der dopaminergen Neurotransmission auf HIV-Infektion und Immunaktivierung: Fokus auf Dopamin-assoziierte Gene},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-107639},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {HIV verursacht eine progressive Zerst{\"o}rung des Immunsystems und f{\"u}hrt zus{\"a}tzlich durch Ver{\"a}nderungen im ZNS zu neurokognitiven St{\"o}rungen (HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, HAND). Die HIV-Infektion geht mit einer Dysfunktion von dopaminergen Signalwegen einher, die sich unter anderem in einer erh{\"o}hten Dopamin-Verf{\"u}gbarkeit im Liquor von Therapie-naiven HIV-Patienten {\"a}ußert. Der Grund f{\"u}r die Dysregulation der dopaminergen Signalwege in HIV-Patienten ist nicht gekl{\"a}rt. Aufgrund dessen war das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit die Identifizierung des pathogenetischen Mechanismus, der zu einer erh{\"o}hten Dopamin-Konzentration im Liquor von HIV-Patienten f{\"u}hrt. Die prim{\"a}re Hypothese war, dass die erh{\"o}hte Dopamin-Verf{\"u}gbarkeit nicht durch das Virus selbst, sondern vielmehr durch die genetische Konstitution der HIV-Patienten hervorgerufen wird. Deshalb wurden Polymorphismen untersucht, die die dopaminerge Neurotransmission beeinflussen. Es wurde vermutet, dass a) verschiedene Genotypen dieser Polymorphismen in nicht-infizierten und HIV-infizierten Personen mit anderen H{\"a}ufigkeiten auftreten, b) verschiedene Genotypen mit ver{\"a}nderten Dopamin-Verf{\"u}gbarkeiten assoziiert sind, c) unterschiedliche Genotypen Auswirkungen auf Marker der Progression der HIV-Infektion haben und d) verschiedene Genotypen die Immunaktivierung beeinflussen. Dazu wurden in 190 HIV-infizierten und nicht-infizierten Teilnehmern unterschiedlicher Ethnien die Polymorphismen BDNF Val66Met, COMT Val108/158Met, DAT 3'-UTR VNTR, DRD2 TaqIα, DRD3 Ser9Gly und DRD4 VNRT mit PCR, ggf. Restriktionsverdau und Agarose-Gelelektrophorese analysiert und die Expression des Dopamin-Transporters mit real time PCR bestimmt. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wurden zur weiteren klinischen Charakterisierung die Immunmarker MCP-1, sCD14, suPAR und RANTES mit ELISA analysiert, da eine Erh{\"o}hung dieser Parameter mit einer beschleunigten HIV-Progression assoziiert ist. Die Bestimmung der T-Zell-Aktivierung (CD3/CD8/CD38/HLA-DR) wurde mit einer durchflusszytometrischen Analyse durchgef{\"u}hrt. In dieser Arbeit haben wir gezeigt, dass HIV-Patienten hochsignifikant h{\"a}ufiger homozygot f{\"u}r das 10-repeat Allel des Dopamin-Transporter-Polymorphismus sind als nicht-infizierte Personen (57,1 \% bzw. 26,8 \%, p = 0,001, OR = 3,93, 95 \% CI 1,72 - 8,96, direkte logistische Regression). HIV-Patienten und nicht-infizierte Personen mit diesem Genotyp weisen eine signifikant h{\"o}here Dopamin-Verf{\"u}gbarkeit im Liquor auf als Personen mit dem 9/10-Genotyp (p = 0,03) und eine signifikant geringere Expression des Dopamin-Transporters auf PBMCs (p = 0,05). Der DAT 10/10-Genotyp ist im Gegensatz zu anderen Genotypen in HIV-Patienten jedoch weder mit unterschiedlichen CD4+-Zellzahlen und Viruslasten noch mit einer ver{\"a}nderten H{\"a}ufigkeit von HAND verbunden. Zus{\"a}tzlich weisen deutsche und s{\"u}dafrikanische nicht-infizierte und HIV-infizierte Personen mit dem DAT 10/10-Genotyp eine signifikant h{\"o}here MCP-1-Konzentration im Plasma auf als Personen mit anderen DAT-Genotypen (p = 0,0076). Keiner der Immunmarker ist mit der Dopamin-Verf{\"u}gbarkeit assoziiert. Dennoch ist die Immunaktivierung in s{\"u}dafrikanischen HIV-Patienten im Vergleich zu nicht-infizierten S{\"u}dafrikanern signifikant erh{\"o}ht: HIV-Patienten zeigen im Vergleich zu nicht-infizierten Personen eine st{\"a}rkere T-Zell-Aktivierung (p = 0,0001), eine erh{\"o}hte Plasma-Konzentration von MCP-1 (p = 0,0014), eine gesteigerte sCD14-Konzentration (p = 0,0004) und eine vermehrte suPAR-Konzentration im Plasma (p = 0,006). In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte kein Nachweis erbracht werden, dass die erh{\"o}hte Immunaktivierung in den s{\"u}dafrikanischen HIV-Patienten durch die Koinfektion mit Echinoccocus oder durch genetische Polymorphismen bei Chemokinen hervorgerufen wird. Eine chronisch erh{\"o}hte Immunaktivierung stellt eine treibende Kraft f{\"u}r die Virusreplikation dar und kann letztendlich zu einer Ersch{\"o}pfung des Immunsystems f{\"u}hren. Der 10/10-Genotyp des DAT VNTR k{\"o}nnte einen Risiko-Faktor f{\"u}r die HIV-Infektion darstellen, da dieser eine erh{\"o}hte Dopamin-Verf{\"u}gbarkeit nach sich zieht. Dopamin aktiviert HIV in chronisch infizierten T-Lymphoblasten und f{\"u}hrt zudem zu einer erh{\"o}hten Expression und Sezernierung von TNF-α, das wiederum die Expression von HIV induziert. Diese Ergebnisse untermauern den Zusammenhang von Dopamin und HIV. Es ist jedoch nicht v{\"o}llig gekl{\"a}rt, ob die erh{\"o}hte Dopamin-Konzentration ausschließlich durch den Genotyp hervorgerufen oder auch durch die HIV-Infektion beg{\"u}nstigt wird.},
  subject      = {Dopamin},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Schwarze2014,
  author    = {Schwarze, Simone},
  title     = {Untersuchung von Faltungs- und Funktionsdynamik isolierter Proteindom{\"a}nen mittels Fluoreszenzl{\"o}schung},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-107080},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Proteine bestehen aus einer spezifischen Sequenz verschiedener Aminos{\"a}uren, die ihre charakteristische Funktion bestimmt. Die große Variabilit{\"a}t an Aminos{\"a}uresequenzen erm{\"o}glichte die Evolution einer nahezu unbegrenzten Anzahl an Proteinen. Meistens nehmen diese Schl{\"u}sselpositionen ein, von robusten Baustoffen bis hin zu molekularen Maschinen. Daher kann eine Fehlfunktion gravierende Auswirkungen auf das Leben haben, z.B. Krankheiten wie Alzheimer oder Epilepsi. Um die Funktionen und Fehlfunktionen zu verstehen, ist eine umfassende Kenntnis der Proteinfaltung, der Protein-Protein Assoziation, sowie den Dynamiken innerhalb von Proteinen erforderlich. Diese Vorg{\"a}nge wurden in dieser Arbeit an drei isolierten Proteindom{\"a}nen durch die Anwendung der Fluoreszenzl{\"o}schmechanismen der H-Dimerbildung und des photoinduzierten Elektronentransfers untersucht. Der entfaltete Zustand der Bindungsdom{\"a}ne BBL, das Teil des 2-oxo-acid Dehydrogenasekomplexes ist, wurde unter physiologischen Bedingungen mit Zirkulardichroismus (CD) und einer Kombination aus photoinduziertem Elektronentransfer und Fluoreszenzkorrelationsspektroskopie analysiert. Beide Methoden zeigten {\"u}bereinstimmend anhand von 20 in BBL einzeln eingef{\"u}gten konservativen Punktmutationen, dass Seitenketteninteraktionen keine Auswirkungen auf die Sekund{\"a}rstruktur des denaturierten Zustandes, den Ausgangspunkt der Faltung, haben. Mit Hilfe der Dekonvolation der CD-Spektren wurde zudem gezeigt, dass die Reststruktur im denaturierten Zustand der helikalen Proteindom{\"a}ne von β-Str{\"a}ngen und β-Kehren dominiert wird, die eine entscheidende Funktion bei der Faltung in den nativen Zustand haben k{\"o}nnten. Die N-terminale Dom{\"a}ne (NTD), der f{\"u}r die Materialforschung hochinteressanten Spinnen-seidenfaser, ist f{\"u}r die Polymerisation des Spinnenseidenfadens auf den pH-Wechsel von pH 7 auf pH 6 hin verantwortlich. Dieser f{\"u}r die Proteinfunktion wichtige Prozess wurde durch die Einbringung eines extrinsischen Fluoreszenzschalters, basierend auf der H-Dimerbildung, mit der Stopped-Flow-Technik untersucht. Es wurde gezeigt, dass die NTDs 104 mit einer Rate von 3 x 10^8 M-1 s-1 assoziieren und somit nahezu das Geschwindigkeitslimit der Protein-Protein Assoziation erreicht wird. Zwei geladenen Seitenketten, der D39 und D40, kommt eine entscheidende Funktion in dem Prozess zu, da eine Mutation dieser die Assoziation verhindert. Des Weiteren wurde gezeigt, dass sich die NTD auf eine Erh{\"o}hung der Ionenst{\"a}rke entgegengesetzt zu anderen Proteinen verh{\"a}lt: die Dissoziation wird beschleunigt, die Assoziation nicht beeinflusst. Gleiches Verhalten wurde auf den einzelnen Austausch der {\"u}brigen protonierbaren Aminos{\"a}ureseitenketten hin beobachtet, ausgenommen die Mutation der E119, welche die Dissoziation verlangsamt. Daher scheint der makromolekulare Dipol, der auf Grund der Ladungsverteilung in der NTD entsteht, die Assoziation maßgeblich zu beeinflussen. Glutamatrezeptoren sind an der schnellen synaptischen Signalweiterleitung im Nervensys-tem von Vertebraten beteiligt. Die Konformationen der Ligandenbindungsdom{\"a}ne (LBD) haben dabei entscheidende Auswirkungen auf die Funktion des Gesamtrezeptors. Diese wurden mit einer Kombination aus photoinduziertem Elektronentransfer und Fluoreszenzkorrelationsspektroskopie untersucht. Mit dieser Methode wurde ein dynamisches Bild der gebundenen sowie ungebundenen Form der AMPA-spezifischen Glutamatrezeptor 2-LBD gezeigt. Es wurde zudem gezeigt, dass sich die Dynamiken in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der Bindung von den Agonisten Glutamat und AMPA, dem partiellen Agonisten Kainate oder Cyclothiazid (CTZ), welches eine Dimerisierung der LBDs bewirkt, unterschiedlich ver{\"a}ndern. Dies k{\"o}nnte eine Auswirkung auf die Funktion der Rezeptoren haben. Die Anwendung der Fluoreszenzl{\"o}schmechanismen der H-Dimerbildung und des photoinduzierten Elektronentransfers in dieser Arbeit hat gezeigt, dass diese die M{\"o}glichkeit bieten, unterschiedlichste Fragestellungen zu beantworten und so Einblicke in dynamische Funktionsweisen von Proteinen er{\"o}ffnen. Kombiniert mit etablierten Fluoreszenzmethoden ist es so m{\"o}glich quantitativ Kinetiken auf unterschiedlichen Zeitskalen zu untersuchen.},
  subject      = {Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkung},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Kottmair2014,
  author    = {Kottmair, Mathias},
  title     = {Bambi - Charakterisierung eines inhibitorischen BMP-Pseudorezeptors},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-103530},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Die TGF-β-Proteinfamilie umfasst eine Vielzahl von zumeist homodimeren sezernierten Liganden in h{\"o}heren Tieren, die viele Vorg{\"a}nge und Entwicklungen im Embryo wie im adulten Lebewesen {\"u}ber absolute oder graduelle Einflussnahme steuern. Die Signalweiterleitung ins Zytoplasma und den Nukleus erfolgt {\"u}ber promisk paarig rekrutierte Typ-I- und Typ-II-Rezeptoren, ehe vorwiegend rezeptorabh{\"a}ngig verschiedene SMAD-Proteine von Typ-I-Kinasen der Rezeptoren aktiviert werden, in den Kern translozieren und die Transkription induzieren. Zu jedem Zeitpunkt dieser Signalweiterleitung kann mittels verschiedener endogener Inhibitoren regulatorisch eingegriffen werden. Dem bisher einzig bekannten membranst{\"a}ndigen Pseudorezeptor Bambi (BMP and Activine membrane bound inhibitor) wurde in vorangegangenen Arbeiten inhibitorisches Potential gegen{\"u}ber dem BMP- und Activin-vermittelten Signalweg {\"u}ber Bindung an distinkte ligandenadressierte Rezeptoren zugeschrieben, wobei die genaue Wirkweise bislang noch vollkommen unklar war. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde initial ein Homologiemodell der extrazellul{\"a}ren Dom{\"a}ne von hBambi anhand der gel{\"o}sten Kristallstruktur der extrazellul{\"a}ren Dom{\"a}ne von BR1A im gebundenen Zustand (PDB-ID: 1REW) erstellt. Anhand dieses Modells wurde eine Arbeitshypothese entwickelt und es gelang in der Folge, biologisch aktives rekombinantes Protein zum einen aus transfizierten Insektenzellen sowie aus der Renaturierung aus bakteriellen Einschlussk{\"o}rpern in hinreichender Menge herzustellen und chromatographisch aufzureinigen. Nach einer vergleichenden Qualit{\"a}tskontrolle beider Exprimate wurden mittels CD-Spektroskopie und analytischer Gelfiltration der Anteil der Sekund{\"a}rstrukturelemente sowie der Oligomerisierungsgrad erfolgreich bestimmt. In SPR-Bindestudien wurde der Beweis erbracht, dass hBambi-ECD Affinit{\"a}t zu ann{\"a}hernd allen getesteten Liganden der BMP-/GDF-Gruppe, die den SMAD-1/-5-/-8-Signalweg aktivieren, zeigt. Bekannte Typ-I- und Typ-II-Bindungsmutanten von BMP-2 wurden ebenfalls von hBambi-ECD quasi wildtypisch gebunden. Verschiedene Rezeptorektodom{\"a}nen sowie ActivinA wurden, wie bisher in der Literatur f{\"a}lschlich angenommen wurde, hingegen nicht gebunden. Die propagierte Homooligomerisierung von Bambi wird {\"u}berdies nicht {\"u}ber die extrazellul{\"a}re Dom{\"a}ne vermittelt. Eingesetzt in Stimulationsversuche mit BMP-responsiven Zellen wurde eine konzentrationsabh{\"a}ngige inhibierende Wirkung von freier hBambi-ECD auf die BMP-2-vermittelte Signalweiterleitung mit unterschiedlichen Nachweismethoden ermittelt, welche die Ergebnisse aus den SPR-Versuchen erfolgreich best{\"a}tigten. In einem weiteren Teil dieser Arbeit wurden verschiedene chim{\"a}re Konstrukte aus f{\"u}r Bambi- und BR1A-Dom{\"a}nen kodierenden Sequenzen kloniert, in HEK Ad293-Zellen zusammen mit BMP- und Activin-responsiven Reportergenkonstrukten transient transfiziert und Stimulationsversuche mit BMP-2 und ActivinA durchgef{\"u}hrt. Wildtypisches Bambi zeigte hierbei ein ambivalentes Verhalten in Bezug auf die Regulation des BMP-2-Signals: geringe Mengen wirken agonistisch, h{\"o}here Mengen antagonistisch auf die Ausbildung des Reporters. Im Fall von ActivinA zeigte sich hingegen kein antagonistischer Einfluss von Bambi. In den Experimenten mit chim{\"a}ren Varianten erfolgte durch die erhaltenen Daten die Eingrenzung der Bindestelle von hBambi-ECD an BMP-2 auf den Bereich der Typ-I-Bindestelle. Ein direkter Einfluss der intrazellul{\"a}ren Dom{\"a}ne auf den BMP-2-Signalweg wurde ausgeschlossen. Weiterhin konnte gerade in Versuchen mit einem Antik{\"o}rper gegen BR1A-ECD eine weitere Eigenheit der Bindung von Bambi an den Liganden offenbart werden: so bildet das Konstrukt aus hBambi-ECD und der intrazellul{\"a}ren BR1A-Dom{\"a}ne mit zugeh{\"o}riger GS-Box und Typ-I-Kinase einen korrekt in den signalaktiven heterohexameren Komplex rekrutierten funktionellen Typ-I-Rezeptor. Mit den in dieser Arbeit erzielten Ergebnissen, n{\"a}mlich der gelungenen Erstellung eines Herstellungsprotokolls der ECD, deren erfolgreich identifizierten Bindepartnern sowie der Charakterisierung der Bindung an BMP-2 ist der Grundstein f{\"u}r die Strukturaufkl{\"a}rung von hBambi-ECD gelegt, welche weitere Klarheit in die Funktionalit{\"a}t dieses Modulators der BMP-/GDF-vermittelten Signalweiterleitung bringen wird. Ebenso sind erste das Verst{\"a}ndnis der ICD aufkl{\"a}rende Ergebnisse erzielt worden, die das Fundament f{\"u}r weitere Experimente und darauf folgende Kenntnisgewinne darstellen werden.},
  subject      = {Knochen-Morphogenese-Proteine},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Bartlang2014,
  author    = {Bartlang, Manuela Slavica},
  title     = {Timing is everything: The interaction of psychosocial stress and the circadian clock in male C57BL/6 mice},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-106486},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Due to the rotation of the earth in the solar system all inhabitants of our planet are exposed to regular environmental changes since more than 3.5 billion years. In order to anticipate these predictable changes in the environment, evolutionarily conserved biological rhythms have evolved in most organisms - ranging from ancient cyanobacteria up to human beings - and also at different levels of organization - from single cells up to behavior. These rhythms are endogenously generated by so called circadian clocks in our body and entrained to the 24 h cycle by external timing cues. In multi-cellular organisms the majority of the cells in the body is equipped with such an oscillator. In mammals, the circadian system is structured in a hierarchical fashion: A central pacemaker resides in the bilateral suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, while subsidiary peripheral clocks exist in nearly every tissue and organ. In contrast to the aforementioned recurrent environmental changes most organisms are also exposed to unpredictable changes in the environment. In order to adapt to these sudden alterations the acute activation of the stress response system, involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system, displays a fundamental survival mechanism. However, if activation of the stress system becomes chronic, devastating somatic and affective disorders might be the consequence. At first glance, the circadian and the stress system seem to represent two separate bodily control systems that are involved in adaptation to predictable and unpredictable stimuli, respectively. However, both systems are fundamental for survival, and thus, communicate with each other at various levels. Early studies already demonstrated that stressor exposure at different times of the diurnal cycle generates different stress effects, whereupon the type of stressor plays a pivotal role. Moreover, alterations in the SCN and peripheral circadian clocks could be shown following stressor exposure. In cooperation with various co-workers, I investigated whether the stress responsiveness is modulated by the endogenous clock in a diurnal fashion and whether repeated psychosocial stress impacts the circadian clock depending on the time of day of stressor exposure. Therefore, male C57BL/6 mice were repeatedly exposed to a psychosocial stressor, either at the beginning of the inactive/light phase (SDL mice) or active/dark phase (SDD mice). Subsequently, different behavioral, physiological/endocrine and immunological/ inflammatory consequences were assessed. It could be shown that the effects of repeated psychosocial stressor exposure strongly depend on the time of day of stressor exposure. The present results demonstrate that repeated daily stressor exposure has a more negative outcome when applied during the active/dark phase compared to the inactive/light phase. Stressor exposure during the active phase resulted in a loss of general activity, decreased interest in an unfamiliar conspecific, a shift towards a more pro-inflammatory body milieu, and rhythm disturbances in plasma hormones, all representing well-accepted hallmarks of depression. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice exposed to the stressor in their inactive phase exhibited minor physiological alterations that might prevent the formation of the maladaptive consequences mentioned above, thus representing beneficial adaptations. The second focus of this thesis was put on the investigation of the effects of repeated psychosocial stressor exposure at different times of the light-dark cycle on various levels of the circadian system. An increased expression of the PERIOD2 (PER2) protein, which represents an essential core clock component, could be found in the SCN of mice repeatedly exposed to the stressor during their active phase. In consistence with the alterations in the central circadian pacemaker, the daily rhythm of different hormones and the activity rhythm were considerably affected by SDD. Mice exposed to the psychosocial stressor in their active phase showed a shifted, or absent, rhythm of the hormones corticosterone and leptin. Moreover, their activity was found to be phase-delayed, which seems to be attributable to the Period (Per) gene since Per1/Per2 double-mutants still exhibited their normal activity rhythm following 19 days of stressor exposure during the active phase. In contrast, a phase-advance in the peripheral adrenal gland clock could be seen in C57BL/6 mice subjected to the stressor during their inactive phase. This phase-shift might be required for maintaining the normal rhythmicity in hormonal release and activity. It has previously been suggested that activation of the HPA axis upon stressor exposure at different times of the light-dark cycle is depending on whether the stressor is of physical or psychological nature. Data from the HPA axis analysis now refine previous findings, indicating that psychosocial stressors also modulate HPA axis responses based on the time of day of stressor presentation. The present results demonstrate that HPA axis activity was reduced following repeated stressor exposure during the active phase. It is reasonable to speculate that this reduced basal activity of the stress system represents a failure in HPA axis adjustment, which could contribute to the negative consequences of repeated psychosocial stressor exposure during the dark phase. Taken together, it can be concluded that the endogenous clock in mice modulates the stress responsiveness in a circadian fashion and that repeated psychosocial stressor exposure affects the biological clock depending on the time of day of stressor presentation. Thereby, stressor exposure during the active phase results in a more negative outcome as compared to stressor experience during the inactive phase. It is assumed that the interaction between the circadian clock and the stress system is a complex issue that might ensure that the endogenous clock does not get out of synchrony in any order.},
  subject      = {Maus},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schwaiger2014,
  author    = {Schwaiger, Sebastian},
  title     = {Ein 10-Jahres-Vergleich zweier Rekonstruktionsverfahren nach ACL-Ruptur Semitendinosussehnen- vs. Patellarsehnentransplantat : eine prospektive randomisierte Studie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140271},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Vergleich zweier Verfahren zur Rekonstruktion des vorderen Kreuzbandes: Ligamentum patellea vs. Semitendinosussehnentransplantat. 10-jahres Ergebnisse einer prospektiven, randomisierten klinischen Studie. Verfahren: Diese Studie vergleicht die Ergebnisse einer 10-Jahres Nachuntersuchung nach arthroskopisch unterst{\"u}tztem Ersatz des vorderen Kreuzbandes mittels zweier verschiedener autologer Transplantate. Zwischen November 1998 und November 1999 wurden in der Orthop{\"a}dischen Universit{\"a}tsklinik K{\"o}nig-Ludwig-Haus in W{\"u}rzburg 62 Studienteilnehmer (45 M{\"a}nner, 17 Frauen) mit Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbandes operiert. Bei 31 Patienten erfolgte die ACL-Ersatzplastik mittels Lig. Patellae Transplantat (BTB-Transplantat), bei der anderen H{\"a}lfte mittels Semitendinosussehnentransplantat. Die Gruppenzusammensetzung zeigte vor dem Verletzungszeitpunkt keinen signifikanten Unterschied bez{\"u}glich Alter, Geschlecht und Aktivit{\"a}tsniveau. Alle Patienten erhielten die gleiche postoperative Behandlung mit Don-Joy Schiene (Ext/Flex 0/0/90), Teilbelastung bis 20 kg w{\"a}hrend der ersten 6 Wochen und externe Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen. Nach {\"u}ber 10 Jahren konnten 47 (24 LP/23 ST) Patienten vollst{\"a}ndig klinisch untersucht und bei 9 (5 LP/4 ST) weiteren zumindest standardisierte Frageb{\"o}gen ausgewertet werden. 2 Studienteilnehmer (beide ST) schieden wegen einer Transplantatruptur, ein weiterer Patient (ebenfalls ST) aufgrund einer postoperativen Kniegelenksinfektion vorzeitig aus der Studie aus. Ergebnisse: Die klinische Untersuchung ergab bez{\"u}glich der verwendeten Parameter IKDC- und Lysholm-Score, Tegener-Aktivit{\"a}tsskala, KT-1000-Arthrometer-Messung und radiologischer Kontrolle keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Gruppen. Auch in den verwendeten Frageb{\"o}gen mit Evaluation der subjektiven Kniefunktion, m{\"o}glicher Schmerzen im Kniegelenk, Entnahmestellenmorbidit{\"a}t und der Zufriedenheit mit dem Operationsergebnis konnten keine signifikanten Gruppenunterschiede festgestellt werden. In der vorliegenden Studie fanden sich somit auch {\"u}ber 10 Jahre nach vorderem Kreuzbandersatz keine relevanten Unterschiede oder Vorteile f{\"u}r eines der beiden untersuchten autologen Sehnentransplantate.},
  subject      = {Kreuzband},
  language  = {de}
}