@article{SchneiderSchneiderKrieteretal.2015,
  author    = {Schneider, Andreas and Schneider, Markus P. and Krieter, Detlef H. and Genser, Bernd and Scharnagl, Hubert and Stojakovic, Tatjana and Wanner, Christoph and Drechsler, Christiane},
  title     = {Effect of high-flux dialysis on circulating FGF-23 levels in end-stage renal disease patients: results from a randomized trial},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {5},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0128079},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148559},
  pages     = {e0128079},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background In patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD), increased levels of circulating fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) are independently associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. Interventional strategies aiming to reduce levels of FGF-23 in HD patients are of particular interest. The purpose of the current study was to compare the impact of high-flux versus low-flux HD on circulating FGF-23 levels. Methods We conducted a post-hoc analysis of the MINOXIS study, including 127 dialysis patients randomized to low-flux (n = 62) and high-flux (n = 65) HD for 52 weeks. Patients with valid measures for FGF-23 investigated baseline and after 52 weeks were included. Results Compared to baseline, a significant increase in FGF-23 levels after one year of low-flux HD was observed (Delta plasma FGF-23: +4026 RU/ml; p < 0.001). In contrast, FGF-23 levels remained stable in the high flux group (Delta plasma FGF-23: +373 RU/ml, p = 0.70). The adjusted difference of the absolute change in FGF-23 levels between the two treatment groups was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Conclusions Over a period of 12 months, high-flux HD was associated with stable FGF-23 levels, whereas the low-flux HD group showed an increase of FGF-23. However, the implications of the different FGF 23 time-trends in patients on high flux dialysis, as compared to the control group, remain to be explored in specifically designed clinical trials.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Rodenberg2011,
  author    = {Rodenberg, Hella Katharina},
  title     = {Inflammation und Mangelern{\"a}hrung bei Dialysepatienten mit Diabetes Mellitus Typ 2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71145},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Einfluss von hs-CRP und Albumin auf die kardiovaskul{\"a}re Ereignisrate und das {\"U}berleben von Patienten mit Diabetes Mellitus Typ 2 an der H{\"a}modialyse untersucht. Grundlagen f{\"u}r die hier dargestellte Auswertung sind die in der 4D Studie erhobenen Daten. Die 4D Studie hat prospektiv, randomisiert, doppelblind und placebo-kontrolliert untersucht, ob die Behandlung mit Atorvastatin bei Patienten mit Diabetes Mellitus Typ 2 an der H{\"a}modialyse den prim{\"a}ren Endpunkt bestehend aus Herzinfarkt, kardialem Tod und Schlaganfall zu senken vermag. Die Daten zum hs-CRP und Albumin wurden bei Studienbeginn und nach sechs Monaten erhoben. In einer post-hoc Analyse mit Hilfe eines multivariaten Cox Regressionsmodels konnte best{\"a}tigt werden, dass ein erh{\"o}hter Spiegel an hs-CRP und ein verminderter Spiegel an Albumin im Zusammenhang mit einer vermehrten kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Ereignisrate und Mortalit{\"a}t stehen. Eine Behandlung mit Atorvastatin f{\"u}hrte zwar nicht zu einer Risikosenkung f{\"u}r den prim{\"a}ren Endpunkt oder die Mortalit{\"a}t, hatte aber einen stabilisierenden Effekt auf des hs-CRP Spiegel.},
  subject      = {H{\"a}modialyse},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ReineckeJuergensmeyerEngelbertzetal.2018,
  author    = {Reinecke, Holger and J{\"u}rgensmeyer, Sabine and Engelbertz, Christiane and Gerss, Joachim and Kirchhof, Paulus and Breithardt, G{\"u}nter and Bauersachs, Rupert and Wanner, Christoph},
  title     = {Design and rationale of a randomised controlled trial comparing apixaban to phenprocoumon in patients with atrial fibrillation on chronic haemodialysis: the AXADIA-AFNET 8 study},
  series = {BMJ open},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {BMJ open},
  number    = {9},
  doi       = {10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022690},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225156},
  pages     = {e022690, 1-10},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Introduction Patients with end-stage kidney disease requiring maintenance haemodialysis treatment experience a dramatic cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Due to the high atherosclerotic and arteriosclerotic burden and profound alterations in haemostasis, they frequently suffer and die from both thromboembolic and bleeding events. This is a particular concern in patients on haemodialysis with atrial fibrillation (AF). Controlled trials on the optimal anticoagulation in patients with AF on haemodialysis are not available. The randomised controlled phase IIIb AXADIA-AFNET 8 trial will evaluate the safety and efficacy of the factor Xa inhibitor apixaban in patients with AF requiring haemodialysis. Methods and analysis A total of 222 patients will be randomised in an open-labelled, 1:1 design to receive either apixaban 2.5mg twice daily or dose-adjusted vitamin K antagonist therapy (target international normalised ratio 2.0-3.0). All patients will be treated and followed up for a minimum of 6 months up to a maximum of 24 months. The primary outcome is major or clinically relevant, non-major bleedings or death of any cause. Secondary outcomes include stroke, cardiovascular death and other thromboembolic events, thus exploring the efficacy of apixaban. The first patient was randomised in June 2017. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Landesaertzekammer, Westfalen-Lippe and the Medical Faculty of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (reference number: 2016-598f-A). Written informed consent will be obtained from all patients prior to study participation, including their consent for long-term follow-up. AXADIA-AFNET 8 is an investigator-initiated trial. Sponsor is AFNET, Muenster, Germany. Study findings will be disseminated to Bristol-Myers Squibb, Munich, Germany, and Pfizer, Berlin, Germany, to the participating centres, at research conferences and in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration numbers NCT02933697, Pre-results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MarzoccoFazeliDiMiccoetal.2018,
  author    = {Marzocco, Stefania and Fazeli, Gholamreza and Di Micco, Lucia and Autore, Giuseppina and Adesso, Simona and Dal Piaz, Fabrizio and Heidland, August and Di Iorio, Biagio},
  title     = {Supplementation of short-chain fatty acid, sodium propionate, in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: beneficial effects on inflammatory parameters and gut-derived uremic toxins, a pilot study (PLAN Study)},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  number    = {10},
  issn      = {2077-0383},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm7100315},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197626},
  pages     = {315},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background: In end-stage renal disease (ESRD), gut-derived uremic toxins play a crucial role in the systemic inflammation and oxidative stress promoting the excess morbidity and mortality. The biochemical derangement is in part a consequence of an insufficient generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) due to the dysbiosis of the gut and an insufficient consumption of the fermentable complex carbohydrates. Aim of the study: The primary end-point was to evaluate the potential efficacy of SCFA (specifically, sodium propionate (SP)) for patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) on systemic inflammation. Secondary end-points included potential attenuation of oxidative stress markers, insulin resistance and production of gut-derived uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate, as well as health status after SP supplementation. Study design: We performed a single-center non-randomized pilot study in 20 MHD patients. They received the food additive SP with a daily intake of 2 × 500 mg in the form of capsules for 12 weeks. Pre-dialysis blood samples were taken at the beginning, after six weeks and at the end of the administration period, as well as four weeks after withdrawal of the treatment. Results: The subjects revealed a significant decline of inflammatory parameters C-reactive protein (-46\%), interleukin IL-2 (-27\%) and IL-17 (-15\%). The inflammatory parameters IL-6 and IFN-gamma showed a mild non-significant reduction and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased significantly (+71\%). While the concentration of bacterial endotoxins and TNF-α remained unchanged, the gut-derived uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate (-30\%) and p-cresyl sulfate (-50\%), revealed a significant decline. The SP supplementation reduced the parameters of oxidative stress malondialdehyde (-32\%) and glutathione peroxidase activity (-28\%). The serum insulin levels dropped by 30\% and the HOMA-index by 32\%. The reduction of inflammatory parameters was associated with a lowering of ferritin and a significant increase in transferrin saturation (TSAT). Four weeks after the end of the treatment phase, all improved parameters deteriorated again. Evaluation of the psycho-physical performance with the short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire showed an enhancement in the self-reported physical functioning, general health, vitality and mental health. The SP supplementation was well tolerated and without important side effects. No patient had left the study due to intolerance to the medication. The SP supplementation in MHD patients reduced pro-inflammatory parameters and oxidative stress and improved insulin resistance and iron metabolism. Furthermore, SP effectively lowered the important gut-derived uremic toxins indoxyl and p-cresol sulfate. These improvements were associated with a better quality of life. Further controlled studies are required in a larger cohort to evaluate the clinical outcome.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KrieterRuethLemkeetal.2023,
  author    = {Krieter, Detlef H. and R{\"u}th, Marieke and Lemke, Horst-Dieter and Wanner, Christoph},
  title     = {Clinical performance comparison of two medium cut-off dialyzers},
  series = {Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis},
  volume    = {27},
  journal   = {Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1111/1744-9987.13919},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318643},
  pages     = {284 -- 292},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Introduction Medium-cut-off (MCO) dialyzers may beneficially impact outcomes in patients on hemodialysis. Methods In a randomized, controlled trial in maintenance hemodialysis patients, the new Nipro ELISIO-17HX MCO dialyzer was compared to the Baxter Theranova 400 filter regarding middle molecule removal. Furthermore, the suitability of two assays for free lambda-light chain (λFLC) detection (Freelite vs. N-Latex) was verified. Results ELISIO-HX achieved slightly lower reduction ratios for β2-microglobulin (71.8 ± 6.0 vs. 75.3 ± 5.8\%; p = 0.001), myoglobin (54.7 ± 8.6 vs. 64.9 ± 8.7\%; p < 0.001), and kappa-FLC (62.1 ± 8.8 vs. 56.3 ± 7.7\%; p = 0.021). λFLC reduction ratios were more conclusive with the Freelite assay and not different between ELISIO-HX and Theranova (28.4 ± 3.9 vs. 38.7 ± 13.4\%; p = 0.069). The albumin loss of Theranova was considerably higher (2.14 ± 0.45 vs. 0.77 ± 0.25 g; p = 0.001) and the Global Removal ScoreLoss alb largely inferior (30.6 ± 7.4 vs. 82.4 ± 29.2\%/g; p = 0.006) to ELISIO-HX. Conclusions The new ELISIO-HX expands the choice of dialyzers for MCO hemodialysis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KrieterKerwagenRuethetal.2019,
  author    = {Krieter, Detlef H. and Kerwagen, Simon and R{\"u}th, Marieke and Lemke, Horst-Dieter and Wanner, Christoph},
  title     = {Differences in dialysis efficacy have limited effects on protein-bound uremic toxins plasma levels over time},
  series = {Toxins},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Toxins},
  number    = {4},
  doi       = {10.3390/toxins11010047},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201770},
  pages     = {47},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The protein-bound uremic toxins para-cresyl sulfate (pCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) are associated with cardiovascular disease in chronic renal failure, but the effect of different dialysis procedures on their plasma levels over time is poorly studied. The present prospective, randomized, cross-over trial tested dialysis efficacy and monitored pre-treatment pCS and IS concentrations in 15 patients on low-flux and high-flux hemodialysis and high-convective volume postdilution hemodiafiltration over six weeks each. Although hemodiafiltration achieved by far the highest toxin removal, only the mean total IS level was decreased at week three (16.6 ± 12.1 mg/L) compared to baseline (18.9 ± 13.0 mg/L, p = 0.027) and to low-flux dialysis (20.0 ± 12.7 mg/L, p = 0.021). At week six, the total IS concentration in hemodiafiltration reached the initial values again. Concentrations of free IS and free and total pCS remained unaltered. Highest beta2-microglobulin elimination in hemodiafiltration (p < 0.001) led to a persistent decrease of the plasma levels at week three and six (each p < 0.001). In contrast, absent removal in low-flux dialysis resulted in rising beta2-microglobulin concentrations (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this trial demonstrated that even large differences in instantaneous protein-bound toxin removal by current extracorporeal dialysis techniques may have only limited impact on IS and pCS plasma levels in the longer term.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hanna2009,
  author    = {Hanna, Wadih},
  title     = {Vorhofkatheter als H{\"a}modialysezugang : Evaluation in einer retrospektiven, multizentrischen Studie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34383},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Entgegen der Leitlinienempfehlung der K/DOQI, welche als Gef{\"a}ßzugang zur H{\"a}modialyse eindeutig die Anlage eines nativen AV-Shunts empfiehlt, erfreut sich der subcutan getunnelte, mit einer Muffe versehene Vorhofkatheter weltweit wachsender Beliebtheit und wird mit zunehmender H{\"a}ufigkeit eingesetzt. Gr{\"u}nde f{\"u}r die ablehnende Haltung gegen{\"u}ber der Langzeitdialyse mittels Vorhofkatheter ist die in verschiedenen Studien eruierte hohe Komplikationsrate in Form von Katheterthrombosen und Infektionen sowie die im Vergleich zu Shunts und Grafts geringere Blutflussrate. Daf{\"u}r spricht der relativ geringe Implantationsaufwand und die sofortige Verf{\"u}gbarkeit des Gef{\"a}ßzuganges beim {\"a}lteren, multimorbiden Pat. mit schlechtem peripheren Gef{\"a}ßstatus. Der kardial erkrankte Pat. profitiert zudem durch die geringe Kreislaufbelastung. Die vorliegende retrospektive, multizentrische Studie beobachtete 63 Pat. mit 67 implantierten Vorhofkathetern. Ziel war es die Langzeitdialyse mit dieser Zugangsform auf aufgetretene Komplikationen und die erreichte Effizienz zu untersuchen Das Beobachtungsvolumen umfasste 31502 Kathetertage (86,3 Jahre). Der untersuchte Beobachtungszeitraum umfasst den 01. Januar 1998 bis 01. Juni 2004. Das Durchschnittsalter innerhalb des Patientenkollektivs betrug bei Einschleusung in die Studie 74,8 Jahre. Die diabetische Nephropathie war in 46\% die Grunderkrankung, welche zur Dialysepflicht f{\"u}hrte; das Patientenkollektiv war zudem in hohem Maße kardial erkrankt. In 40,3\% der beobachteten Vorhofkatheter trat bei einer durchschnittlichen {\"U}berlebensspanne von 374,9 Tagen keine Funktionsst{\"o}rung auf. 51\% der Vorhofkatheter waren bei Beobachtungsende in einem funktionsf{\"a}higen Zustand. In 36\% terminierte der Patiententod das Ende des Beobachtungszeitraumes. In 57,9\% der Vorhofkatheter traten Komplikationen auf. Insgesamt wurden 1,75 Komplikationen pro Katheterjahr beobachtet. Die Katheterthrombose war mit 1,5 Ereignissen pro Katheterjahr die mit Abstand h{\"a}ufigste Komplikation, hierbei konnten 90,6\% der aufgetretenen Katheterthrombosen ambulant mittels lokaler Lysetherapie behoben werden. Die gef{\"u}rchtete Kathetersepsis trat mit 0,03 Ereignissen pro Katheterjahr {\"a}ußerst selten auf. F{\"u}r linksseitig implantierte Vorhofkatheter wurde eine signifikant h{\"o}here Wahrscheinlichkeit f{\"u}r das Auftreten einer katheterassoziierten Komplikation (p = 0,033) festgestellt. {\"U}bereinstimmend mit anderen Autoren wird daher die Implantation des Vorhofkatheters in die rechte V. jugularis empfohlen. Pat. unter Markumartherapie verzeichneten eine signifikant (p = 0,019) h{\"o}here Blutflussrate (MW von 255 ml/min) als Pat. ohne Markumartherapie (MW 232 ml/min). Auf das Auftreten einer Katheterthrombose hatte die Einnahme von Markumar jedoch keinen Einfluss. Zur Pr{\"a}vention kann daher, {\"u}bereinstimmend mit anderen Autoren, eine prophylaktische Antikoagulation aus Sicherheitsgr{\"u}nden und dem fehlendem Nachweis der Effizienz nicht empfohlen werden. Die innerhalb der ersten sechs Monate nach Implantation erhobenen durchschnittlichen Werte f{\"u}r die Blutflussrate (237,18 ml/min) und die Kt/V (1,42) sprechen f{\"u}r eine effiziente Dialyse mit Erreichen einer ad{\"a}quaten Dialysedosis. Zusammenfassend k{\"o}nnen wir von guten Erfahrungen f{\"u}r die Langzeith{\"a}modialyse mittels getunnelten, gecufften Vorhofkathetern sprechen. F{\"u}r {\"u}berdurchschnittlich alte, multimorbide Patienten mit schlechtem peripheren Gef{\"a}ßstatus bietet sich ein verl{\"a}sslicher Zugangsweg bei Gew{\"a}hrleistung einer effizienten Dialyse.},
  subject      = {H{\"a}modialyse},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GrebeMalzahnDonhauseretal.2020,
  author    = {Grebe, S{\"o}ren Jendrik and Malzahn, Uwe and Donhauser, Julian and Liu, Dan and Wanner, Christoph and Krane, Vera and Hammer, Fabian},
  title     = {Quantification of left ventricular mass by echocardiography compared to cardiac magnet resonance imaging in hemodialysis patients},
  series = {Cardiovascular Ultrasound},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Cardiovascular Ultrasound},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12947-020-00217-y},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229282},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), defined by the left ventricular mass index (LVMI), is highly prevalent in hemodialysis patients and a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Compared to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), echocardiography tends to overestimate the LVMI. Here, we evaluate the diagnostic performance of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) compared to CMR regarding the assessment of LVMI in hemodialysis patients. Methods: TTR and CMR data for 95 hemodialysis patients who participated in the MiREnDa trial were analyzed. The LVMI was calculated by two-dimensional (2D) TTE-guided M-mode measurements employing the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and Teichholz (Th) formulas, which were compared to the reference method, CMR. Results: LVH was present in 44\% of patients based on LVMI measured by CMR. LVMI measured by echocardiography correlated moderately with CMR, ASE: r = 0.44 (0.34-0.62); Th: r = 0.44 (0.32-0.62). Compared to CMR, both echocardiographic formulas overestimated LVMI (mean increment LVMI (ASE-CMR): 19.5 +/- 19.48 g/m(2),p < 0.001; mean increment LVMI (Th-CMR): 15.9 +/- 15.89 g/m(2),p < 0.001). We found greater LVMI overestimation in patients with LVH using the ASE formula compared to the Th formula. Stratification of patients into CMR LVMI quartiles showed a continuous decrease in increment LVMI with increasing CMR LVMI quartiles for the Th formula (p < 0.001) but not for the ASE formula (p = 0.772). Bland-Altman analysis showed that the Th formula had a constant bias independent of LVMI. Both methods had good discrimination ability for the detection of LVH (ROC-AUC: 0.819 (0.737-0.901) and 0.808 (0.723-0.892) for Th and ASE, respectively). Conclusions: The ASE and Th formulas overestimate LVMI in hemodialysis patients. However, the overestimation is less with the Th formula, particularly with increasing LVMI. The results suggest that the Th formula should be preferred for measurement of LVMI in chronic hemodialysis patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Fischer2011,
  author    = {Fischer, Regina Maria},
  title     = {Einfluß verschiedener extrakorporaler Dialyseverfahren auf endotheliale Vorl{\"a}uferzellen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71353},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Zirkulierende endotheliale Vorl{\"a}uferzellen, kurz EPCs, werden als Biomarker f{\"u}r kardiovaskul{\"a}re Erkrankungen genutzt. In einer prospektiven, randomisierten Cross-over-Studie wurden 18 chronische Dialysepatienten w{\"a}hrend jeweils vier Wochen mit Low-Flux-HD, High-Flux-HD sowie H{\"a}modiafilatration behandelt. EPCs wurden zu Beginn sowie am Ende jedes Intervalls bestimmt. Trotz deutlicher Unterschiede bez{\"u}glich der Toxinentfernung im mittelmolekularen Bereich zeigte sich kein Einfluss auf Qualit{\"a}t und Quantit{\"a}t der EPCs},
  subject      = {endotheliale Vorl{\"a}uferzellen},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{DorschKrieterLemkeetal.2012,
  author    = {Dorsch, Oliver and Krieter, Detlef H. and Lemke, Horst-Dieter and Fischer, Stefan and Melzer, Nima and Sieder, Christian and Bramlage, Peter and Harenberg, Job},
  title     = {A multi-center, prospective, open-label, 8-week study of certoparin for anticoagulation during maintenance hemodialysis - the membrane study},
  series = {BMC Nephrology},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {BMC Nephrology},
  number    = {50},
  doi       = {10.1186/1471-2369-13-50},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-124052},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background Adequate anticoagulation is prerequisite for effective hemodialysis to prevent clotting in the extracorporeal circuit. We aimed providing first data on the efficacy and safety of the low-molecular-weight heparin certoparin in this setting. Methods Multicenter, open-label, 8-week trial. Patients received a single dose of 3,000 IU certoparin i.v. with additional titration steps of 600 IU and/or continuous infusion if necessary. Results 120 patients were screened, 109 enrolled (median age 71; range 26-90 years) and 106 available for efficacy analyses. The percentage of unsatisfactory dialysis results at 8 weeks due to clotting or bleeding, was 1.9\% (n = 2/106; 95\% confidence interval [CI] 0.23-6.65\%); no major bleeding. 1.9\% had moderate/severe clotting in the lines/bubble catcher and 2.8\% in the dialyser at week 8. 15.7 ± 14.3\% of the dialysis filters' visual surface area was showing redness. In subgroups of patients receiving median doses of 3000 ± 0, 3000 (2400-6000) and 4200 (3000-6600) IU, plasma aXa levels at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks were 0.24 [95\%CI 0.21-0.27], 0.33 [0.27-0.40] and 0.38 [0.33-0.45] aXa IU/ml at 2 h. \(C_{48h}\) was 0.01 [0.01-0.02] aXa IU at all visits. At baseline and 4 weeks \(AUC_{0-48h}\) was 2.66 [2.19-3.24] and 3.66 [3.00-4.45] aXa IU*h/ml. In 3.0\% of dialyses (n = 83/2724) prolonged fistula compression times were documented. Eight patients (7.34\%) had at least one episode of minor bleeding. 4) 85.3\% of patients had any adverse event, 9.2\% were serious without suspected drug relation; and in 32 patients a drug-relation was suspected. Conclusions Certoparin appears effective and safe for anticoagulation in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.},
  language  = {en}
}