@techreport{BolzNaumannRichter2024,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Bolz, Simon J. and Naumann, Fabrice and Richter, Philipp M.},
  title     = {Unilateral Environmental Policy and Offshoring},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-35903},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-359033},
  pages     = {66},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Expanding on a general equilibrium model of offshoring, we analyze the effects of a unilateral emissions tax increase on the environment, income, and inequality. Heterogeneous firms allocate labor across production tasks and emissions abatement, while only the most productive can benefit from lower labor and/or emissions costs abroad and offshore. We find a non-monotonic effect on global emissions, which decline if the initial difference in emissions taxes is small. For a sufficiently large difference, global emissions rise, implying emissions leakage of more than 100\%. The underlying driver is a global technique effect: While the emissions intensity of incumbent non-offshoring firms declines, the cleanest firms start offshoring. Moreover, offshoring firms become dirtier, induced by a reduction in the foreign effective emissions tax in general equilibrium. Implementing a BCA prevents emissions leakage, reduces income inequality in the reforming country, but raises inequality across countries.},
  subject      = {Umweltpolitik},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{HerrmannRizk2023,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Herrmann, Martin and Rizk, Amr},
  title     = {On Data Plane Multipath Scheduling for Connected Mobility Applications},
  series = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)},
  journal   = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)},
  edition   = {aktualisierte Version},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-35344},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-353444},
  pages     = {4},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Cooperative, connected and automated mobility (CCAM) systems depend on a reliable communication to provide their service and more crucially to ensure the safety of users. One way to ensure the reliability of a data transmission is to use multiple transmission technologies in combination with redundant flows. In this paper, we describe a system requiring multipath communication in the context of CCAM. To this end, we introduce a data plane-based scheduler that uses replication and integration modules to provide redundant and transparent multipath communication. We provide an analytical model for the full replication module of the system and give an overview of how and where the data-plane scheduler components can be realized.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{GrunewaldKlockmannvonSchenketal.2024,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Grunewald, Andreas and Klockmann, Victor and von Schenk, Alicia and von Siemens, Ferdinand A.},
  title     = {Are Biases Contagious? The Influence of Communication on Motivated Beliefs},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-34893},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-348936},
  pages     = {1-38},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {This paper examines the potential reinforcement of motivated beliefs when individuals with identical biases communicate. We propose a controlled online experiment that allows to manipulate belief biases and the communication environment. We find that communication, even among like-minded individuals, diminishes motivated beliefs if it takes place in an environment without previously declared external opinions. In the presence of external plural opinions, however, communication does not reduce but rather aggravates motivated beliefs. Our results indicate a potential drawback of the plurality of opinions - it may create communication environments wherein motivated beliefs not only persist but also become contagious within social networks.},
  subject      = {Bias},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{StawskiLauth2024,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Stawski, Theresa Paola and Lauth, Hans-Joachim},
  title     = {The Stateness Index (StIx) - Conceptual Design and Empirical Results},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-34761},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-347616},
  pages     = {32},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Exploring and explaining diversity and patterns of stateness is crucial for understanding causes of efficiency, duration, or the collapse of a state. The new Stateness Index (StIx) contributes to the conceptual and analytical debate on stateness and state fragility. StIx is a tool for measuring stateness and state quality since 1950 that includes country-ranking through aggregated and disaggregated data to advance performance comparison and policy analysis. This article first sums up the main theoretical aspects, followed by descriptive results.},
  subject      = {Begrenzte Staatlichkeit},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{MahlkowWanner2023,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Mahlkow, Hendrik and Wanner, Joschka},
  title     = {The Carbon Footprint of Global Trade Imbalances},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-33041},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-330410},
  pages     = {53},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {International trade is highly imbalanced both in terms of values and in terms of embodied carbon emissions. We show that the persistent current value trade imbalance patterns contribute to a higher level of global emissions compared to a world of balanced international trade. Specifically, we build a Ricardian quantitative trade model including sectoral input-output linkages, trade imbalances, fossil fuel extraction, and carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion and use this framework to simulate counterfactual changes to countries' trade balances. For individual countries, the emission effects of removing their trade imbalances depend on the carbon intensities of their production and consumption patterns, as well as on their fossil resource abundance. Eliminating the Russian trade surplus and the US trade deficit would lead to the largest environmental benefits in terms of lower global emissions. Globally, the simultaneous removal of all trade imbalances would lower world carbon emissions by 0.9 percent or 295 million tons of carbon dioxide.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{BofingerHaas2023,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Bofinger, Peter and Haas, Thomas},
  title     = {R-Star: A new approach to estimate the polar star of monetary policy},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-32739},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-327394},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The necessary adjustments to prominent measures of the neutral rate of interest following the COVID pandemic sparked a wide-ranging debate on the measurement and usefulness of r-star. Due to high uncertainty about relevant determinants, trend patterns and the correct estimation method, we propose in this paper a simple alternative approach derived from a standard macro model. Starting from a loss function, neutral periods can be determined in which a neutral real interest rate is observable. Using these values, a medium-term trend for a neutral interest rate can be determined. An application to the USA shows that our simple calculation of a neutral interest rate delivers comparable results to existing studies. A Taylor rule based on our neutral interest rate also does a fairly good job of explaining US monetary policy over the past 60 years.},
  subject      = {Zins},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{Gessner2023,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Geßner, Daniel},
  title     = {Performance of Renewable Energy Policies - Evidence from Germany's Transition to Auctions},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-32542},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325426},
  pages     = {32},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Government support for green technologies and renewable energy in particular has become an integral cornerstone of economic policy for most industrialized economies. Due to competitive price determination and supposedly higher efficiency, auctions have in recent years widely succeeded feed-in-tariffs as the primary support instrument (del Rio \& Linares, 2014; REN21, 2021). However, literature still struggles to produce causal evidence to validate mostly descriptive findings for efficiency gains. Yet, this evidence is needed as a foundation to provide robust recommendations to policy makers (Grashof et al., 2020). By utilizing a difference-in-differences approach, this paper provides such evidence for a German photovoltaic (PV) auctioning program which came into effect in 2015. Results for this natural experiment confirm that cost-effectiveness improved significantly while previous literature shows that capacity expansion remained high. Results additionally show that falling prices for PV panels were the primary driver of cost reductions and wages also exert high influence on support price. Input cost development therefore indeed strongly influences support level which was the aim with introducing competitive auctions. Interest rate development cannot be linked to support level development, most probably due to the low interest environment in considered period.},
  subject      = {Photovoltaik},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{AlbersKerstingKosse2023,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Albers, Thilo N. H. and Kersting, Felix and Kosse, Fabian},
  title     = {Income misperception and populism},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-32169},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-321696},
  pages     = {38},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {We propose that false beliefs about own current economic status are an important factor for explaining populist attitudes. Eliciting subjects' receptiveness to rightwing populism and their perceived relative income positions in a representative survey of German households, we find that people with pessimistic beliefs about their income position are more attuned to populist statements. Key to understanding the misperception-populism relationship are strong gender differences in the mechanism: men are much more likely to channel their discontent into affection for populist ideas. A simple information provision does neither sustainably reduce misperception nor curb populism.},
  subject      = {Populismus},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{DworzakGrossmannLe2023,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Dworzak, Manuel and Großmann, Marcel and Le, Duy Thanh},
  title     = {Federated Learning for Service Placement in Fog and Edge Computing},
  series = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)},
  journal   = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-32219},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322193},
  pages     = {4},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Service orchestration requires enormous attention and is a struggle nowadays. Of course, virtualization provides a base level of abstraction for services to be deployable on a lot of infrastructures. With container virtualization, the trend to migrate applications to a micro-services level in order to be executable in Fog and Edge Computing environments increases manageability and maintenance efforts rapidly. Similarly, network virtualization adds effort to calibrate IP flows for Software-Defined Networks and eventually route it by means of Network Function Virtualization. Nevertheless, there are concepts like MAPE-K to support micro-service distribution in next-generation cloud and network environments. We want to explore, how a service distribution can be improved by adopting machine learning concepts for infrastructure or service changes. Therefore, we show how federated machine learning is integrated into a cloud-to-fog-continuum without burdening single nodes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{GrossmannLe2023,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Großmann, Marcel and Le, Duy Thanh},
  title     = {Visualization of Network Emulation Enabled by Kathar{\´a}},
  series = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)},
  journal   = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-32218},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322189},
  pages     = {4},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {In network research, reproducibility of experiments is not always easy to achieve. Infrastructures are cumbersome to set up or are not available due to vendor-specific devices. Emulators try to overcome those issues to a given extent and are available in different service models. Unfortunately, the usability of emulators requires time-consuming efforts and a deep understanding of their functionality. At first, we analyze to which extent currently available open-source emulators support network configurations and how user-friendly they are. With these insights, we describe, how an ease-to-use emulator is implemented and may run as a Network Emulator as a Service (NEaaS). Therefore, virtualization plays a major role in order to deploy a NEaaS based on Kathar{\´a}.},
  language  = {en}
}