@article{GerdesWieserAlpers2014,
  author    = {Gerdes, Antje B. M. and Wieser, Matthias J. and Alpers, Georg W.},
  title     = {Emotional pictures and sounds: a review of multimodal interactions of emotion cues in multiple domains},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01351},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-114548},
  pages     = {1351},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {In everyday life, multiple sensory channels jointly trigger emotional experiences and one channel may alter processing in another channel. For example, seeing an emotional facial expression and hearing the voice's emotional tone will jointly create the emotional experience. This example, where auditory and visual input is related to social communication, has gained considerable attention by researchers. However, interactions of visual and auditory emotional information are not limited to social communication but can extend to much broader contexts including human, animal, and environmental cues. In this article, we review current research on audiovisual emotion processing beyond face-voice stimuli to develop a broader perspective on multimodal interactions in emotion processing. We argue that current concepts of multimodality should be extended in considering an ecologically valid variety of stimuli in audiovisual emotion processing. Therefore, we provide an overview of studies in which emotional sounds and interactions with complex pictures of scenes were investigated. In addition to behavioral studies, we focus on neuroimaging, electro- and peripher-physiological findings. Furthermore, we integrate these findings and identify similarities or differences. We conclude with suggestions for future research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BreilHuesteggeBoeckler2022,
  author    = {Breil, Christina and Huestegge, Lynn and B{\"o}ckler, Anne},
  title     = {From eye to arrow: Attention capture by direct gaze requires more than just the eyes},
  series = {Attention, Perception \& Psychophysics},
  volume    = {84},
  journal   = {Attention, Perception \& Psychophysics},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1943-393X},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13414-021-02382-2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-273206},
  pages     = {64-75},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Human attention is strongly attracted by direct gaze and sudden onset motion. The sudden direct-gaze effect refers to the processing advantage for targets appearing on peripheral faces that suddenly establish eye contact. Here, we investigate the necessity of social information for attention capture by (sudden onset) ostensive cues. Six experiments involving 204 participants applied (1) naturalistic faces, (2) arrows, (3) schematic eyes, (4) naturalistic eyes, or schematic facial configurations (5) without or (6) with head turn to an attention-capture paradigm. Trials started with two stimuli oriented towards the observer and two stimuli pointing into the periphery. Simultaneous to target presentation, one direct stimulus changed to averted and one averted stimulus changed to direct, yielding a 2 × 2 factorial design with direction and motion cues being absent or present. We replicated the (sudden) direct-gaze effect for photographic faces, but found no corresponding effects in Experiments 2-6. Hence, a holistic and socially meaningful facial context seems vital for attention capture by direct gaze. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The present study highlights the significance of context information for social attention. Our findings demonstrate that the direct-gaze effect, that is, the prioritization of direct gaze over averted gaze, critically relies on the presentation of a meaningful holistic and naturalistic facial context. This pattern of results is evidence in favor of early effects of surrounding social information on attention capture by direct gaze.},
  language  = {en}
}