@article{HahnHaubitzKrugetal.2022,
  author    = {Hahn, Britta and Haubitz, Imme and Krug, Ralf and Krastl, Gabriel and Soliman, Sebastian},
  title     = {Influence of matrix type on marginal gap formation of deep class II bulk-fill composite restorations},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {9},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph19094961},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-270712},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background: To test the hypothesis that transparent matrices result in more continuous margins of bulk-fill composite (BFC) restorations than metal matrices. Methods: Forty standardized MOD cavities in human molars with cervical margins in enamel and dentin were created and randomly assigned to four restorative treatment protocols: conventional nanohybrid composite (NANO) restoration (Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) with a metal matrix (NANO-METAL) versus transparent matrix (NANO-TRANS), and bulk-fill composite restoration (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) with a metal matrix (BFC-METAL) versus transparent matrix (BFC-TRANS). After artificial aging (2500 thermal cycles), marginal quality was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy using the replica technique. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon test. The level of significance was p < 0.05. Results: Metal matrices yielded significantly (p = 0.0011) more continuous margins (46.211\%) than transparent matrices (27.073\%). Differences in continuous margins between NANO (34.482\%) and BFC (38.802\%) were not significant (p = 0.56). Matrix type did not influence marginal gap formation in BFC (p = 0.27) but did in NANO restorations (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Metal matrices positively influence the marginal quality of class II composite restorations, especially in deep cavity areas. The bulk-fill composite seems to be less sensitive to the influence of factors such as light polymerization and matrix type.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChenariSeibelHauschildetal.2016,
  author    = {Chenari, Hossein Mahmoudi and Seibel, Christoph and Hauschild, Dirk and Reinert, Friedrich and Abdollahian, Hossein},
  title     = {Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, X-Ray Line Analysis and Chemical Composition Study},
  series = {Materials Research},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {Materials Research},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2016-0288},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165807},
  pages     = {1319-1323},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {TiO2 nanoparticleshave been synthesized by the sol-gel method using titanium alkoxide and isopropanolas a precursor. The structural properties and chemical composition of the TiO2 nanoparticles were studied usingX-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The X-ray powder diffraction pattern confirms that the particles are mainly composed of the anatase phase with the preferential orientation along [101] direction. The physical parameters such as strain, stress and energy density were investigated from the Williamson- Hall (W-H) plot assuming a uniform deformation model (UDM), and uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM). The W-H analysis shows an anisotropic nature of the strain in nanopowders. The scanning electron microscopy image shows clear TiO2 nanoparticles with particle sizes varying from 60 to 80nm. The results of mean particle size of TiO2 nanoparticles show an inter correlation with the W-H analysis and SEM results. Our X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra show that nearly a complete amount of titanium has reacted to TiO2},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Veryha2011,
  author    = {Veryha, Katarzyna},
  title     = {Qualitative and quantitative SEM margin analysis of Ormocer restorations in molars and premolars - 4 year long observation},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64858},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The most important aim of restorative therapy in dentistry is to achieve a restoration that remains dense from bacteria and this way from tooth pulp irritation as well. Patients on the other hand appreciate and expect additionally good aesthetics. This way the decision which material the practitioner should chose very often still causes dilemmas. The aim of this 4 year long study was to evaluate the Admira filling material, that belongs to ormocer group and its future in the area of restorative dentistry. SEM analysis of fillings margins followed on epoxy resin casts (achieved from impressions taken at each of the control appointments) and showed that after four years of clinical observation more than 90 percent of the restoratives margins remained perfectly adapted. Due to technical reasons the examination followed only in the enamel area and as a result this study is not answering the question of margin quality within the dentin.},
  subject      = {Ormocer},
  language  = {en}
}