@article{WeissIotzovZhouetal.2022,
  author    = {Weiß, Martin and Iotzov, Vassil and Zhou, Yuqing and Hein, Grit},
  title     = {The bright and dark sides of egoism},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
  issn      = {1664-0640},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1054065},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-297183},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Despite its negative reputation, egoism - the excessive concern for one's own welfare - can incite prosocial behavior. So far, however, egoism-based prosociality has received little attention. Here, we first provide an overview of the conditions under which egoism turns into a prosocial motive, review the benefits and limitations of egoism-based prosociality, and compare them with empathy-driven prosocial behavior. Second, we summarize studies investigating the neural processing of egoism-based prosocial decisions, studies investigating the neural processing of empathy-based prosocial decisions, and the small number of studies that compared the neural processing of prosocial decisions elicited by the different motives. We conclude that there is evidence for differential neural networks involved in egoism and empathy-based prosocial decisions. However, this evidence is not yet conclusive, because it is mainly based on the comparison of different experimental paradigms which may exaggerate or overshadow the effect of the different motivational states. Finally, we propose paradigms and research questions that should be tackled in future research that could help to specify how egoism can be used to enhance other prosocial behavior and motivation, and the how it could be tamed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Fischer2014,
  author    = {Fischer, Doris},
  title     = {The Impact of Changing Incentives in China on International Cooperation in Social Science Research on China},
  series = {Journal of Current Chinese Affairs},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Journal of Current Chinese Affairs},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1868-4874},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-120524},
  pages     = {33-46},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Over the past three decades, China's fast economic development has induced considerable changes in China's university and research institution landscape, research financing and academic career incentives. This paper argues that these changes have affected the motivation and the ways in which Chinese scholars engage in international research cooperation. Most recently it has been observed that strong pressures on scholars and scientists - especially at leading academic institutions - to excel in international publications while simultaneously fulfilling their obligation to generate income for their institutions can lead to a dilemma with regard to international research cooperation: Those institutions and scholars most interesting for foreign scholars to cooperate with may be the ones with the least amount of both incentive and time to enter into serious cooperation. This article invites us to reflect on the implications of these changes in the incentive structure for cooperation in social science research on China.},
  language  = {en}
}