@article{XuFahmyGarciaWesdorpetal.2023,
  author    = {Xu, Jietao and Fahmy-Garcia, Shorouk and Wesdorp, Marinus A. and Kops, Nicole and Forte, Lucia and De Luca, Claudio and Misciagna, Massimiliano Maraglino and Dolcini, Laura and Filardo, Giuseppe and Labbert{\´e}, Margot and Vanc{\´i}kov{\´a}, Karin and Kok, Joeri and van Rietbergen, Bert and Nickel, Joachim and Farrell, Eric and Brama, Pieter A. J. and van Osch, Gerjo J. V. M.},
  title     = {Effectiveness of BMP-2 and PDGF-BB adsorption onto a collagen/collagen-magnesium-hydroxyapatite scaffold in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing osteochondral defect bone repair: in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo evaluation},
  series = {Journal of Functional Biomaterials},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Journal of Functional Biomaterials},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {2079-4983},
  doi       = {10.3390/jfb14020111},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304019},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Despite promising clinical results in osteochondral defect repair, a recently developed bi-layered collagen/collagen-magnesium-hydroxyapatite scaffold has demonstrated less optimal subchondral bone repair. This study aimed to improve the bone repair potential of this scaffold by adsorbing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and/or platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) onto said scaffold. The in vitro release kinetics of BMP-2/PDGF-BB demonstrated that PDGF-BB was burst released from the collagen-only layer, whereas BMP-2 was largely retained in both layers. Cell ingrowth was enhanced by BMP-2/PDFG-BB in a bovine osteochondral defect ex vivo model. In an in vivo semi-orthotopic athymic mouse model, adding BMP-2 or PDGF-BB increased tissue repair after four weeks. After eight weeks, most defects were filled with bone tissue. To further investigate the promising effect of BMP-2, a caprine bilateral stifle osteochondral defect model was used where defects were created in weight-bearing femoral condyle and non-weight-bearing trochlear groove locations. After six months, the adsorption of BMP-2 resulted in significantly less bone repair compared with scaffold-only in the femoral condyle defects and a trend to more bone repair in the trochlear groove. Overall, the adsorption of BMP-2 onto a Col/Col-Mg-HAp scaffold reduced bone formation in weight-bearing osteochondral defects, but not in non-weight-bearing osteochondral defects.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SiverinoFahmyGarciaNiklausetal.2023,
  author    = {Siverino, Claudia and Fahmy-Garcia, Shorouk and Niklaus, Viktoria and Kops, Nicole and Dolcini, Laura and Misciagna, Massimiliano Maraglino and Ridwan, Yanto and Farrell, Eric and van Osch, Gerjo J. V. M. and Nickel, Joachim},
  title     = {Addition of heparin binding sites strongly increases the bone forming capabilities of BMP9 in vivo},
  series = {Bioactive Materials},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {Bioactive Materials},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.07.010},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350470},
  pages     = {241-250},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Highlights • Despite not being crucial for bone development BMP9 can induce bone growth in vivo. • BMP9 induced bone formation is strongly enhanced by introduced heparin binding sites. • BMP9s bone forming capabilities are triggered by extracellular matrix binding. • Heparin binding BMP9 (BMP9 HB) can improve the current therapies in treating bone fractures. Abstract Bone Morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) like BMP2 and BMP7 have shown great potential in the treatment of severe bone defects. In recent in vitro studies, BMP9 revealed the highest osteogenic potential compared to other BMPs, possibly due to its unique signaling pathways that differs from other osteogenic BMPs. However, in vivo the bone forming capacity of BMP9-adsorbed scaffolds is not superior to BMP2 or BMP7. In silico analysis of the BMP9 protein sequence revealed that BMP9, in contrast to other osteogenic BMPs such as BMP2, completely lacks so-called heparin binding motifs that enable extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions which in general might be essential for the BMPs' osteogenic function. Therefore, we genetically engineered a new BMP9 variant by adding BMP2-derived heparin binding motifs to the N-terminal segment of BMP9′s mature part. The resulting protein (BMP9 HB) showed higher heparin binding affinity than BMP2, similar osteogenic activity in vitro and comparable binding affinities to BMPR-II and ALK1 compared to BMP9. However, remarkable differences were observed when BMP9 HB was adsorbed to collagen scaffolds and implanted subcutaneously in the dorsum of rats, showing a consistent and significant increase in bone volume and density compared to BMP2 and BMP9. Even at 10-fold lower BMP9 HB doses bone tissue formation was observed. This innovative approach of significantly enhancing the osteogenic properties of BMP9 simply by addition of ECM binding motifs, could constitute a valuable replacement to the commonly used BMPs. The possibility to use lower protein doses demonstrates BMP9 HB's high translational potential.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SiverinoFahmyGarciaMumcuogluetal.2022,
  author    = {Siverino, Claudia and Fahmy-Garcia, Shorouk and Mumcuoglu, Didem and Oberwinkler, Heike and Muehlemann, Markus and Mueller, Thomas and Farrell, Eric and van Osch, Gerjo J. V. M. and Nickel, Joachim},
  title     = {Site-directed immobilization of an engineered bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) variant to collagen-based microspheres induces bone formation in vivo},
  series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  number    = {7},
  issn      = {1422-0067},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijms23073928},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284572},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {For the treatment of large bone defects, the commonly used technique of autologous bone grafting presents several drawbacks and limitations. With the discovery of the bone-inducing capabilities of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), several delivery techniques were developed and translated to clinical applications. Implantation of scaffolds containing adsorbed BMP2 showed promising results. However, off-label use of this protein-scaffold combination caused severe complications due to an uncontrolled release of the growth factor, which has to be applied in supraphysiological doses in order to induce bone formation. Here, we propose an alternative strategy that focuses on the covalent immobilization of an engineered BMP2 variant to biocompatible scaffolds. The new BMP2 variant harbors an artificial amino acid with a specific functional group, allowing a site-directed covalent scaffold functionalization. The introduced artificial amino acid does not alter BMP2′s bioactivity in vitro. When applied in vivo, the covalently coupled BMP2 variant induces the formation of bone tissue characterized by a structurally different morphology compared to that induced by the same scaffold containing ab-/adsorbed wild-type BMP2. Our results clearly show that this innovative technique comprises translational potential for the development of novel osteoinductive materials, improving safety for patients and reducing costs.},
  language  = {en}
}