@article{RascheKumarGershneretal.2019,
  author    = {Rasche, Leo and Kumar, Manoj and Gershner, Grant and Samant, Rohan and Van Hemert, Rudy and Heidemeier, Anke and Lapa, Constantin and Bley, Thorsten and Buck, Andreas and McDonald, James and Hillengass, Jens and Epstein, Joshua and Thanendrarajan, Sharmilan and Schinke, Carolina and van Rhee, Frits and Zangari, Maurizio and Barlogie, Bart and Davies, Faith E. and Morgan, Gareth J. and Weinhold, Niels},
  title     = {Lack of Spleen Signal on Diffusion Weighted MRI is associated with High Tumor Burden and Poor Prognosis in Multiple Myeloma: A Link to Extramedullary Hematopoiesis?},
  series = {Theranostics},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Theranostics},
  number    = {16},
  doi       = {10.7150/thno.33289},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224982},
  pages     = {4756-4763},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Due to the low frequency of abnormalities affecting the spleen, this organ is often overlooked during radiological examinations. Here, we report on the unexpected finding, that the spleen signal on diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) is associated with clinical parameters in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias. Methods: We investigated the spleen signal on DW-MRI together with clinical and molecular parameters in 295 transplant-eligible newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM) patients and in 72 cases with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Results: Usually, the spleen is the abdominal organ with the highest intensities on DW-MRI. Yet, significant signal loss on DW-MRI images was seen in 71 of 295 (24\%) NDMM patients. This phenomenon was associated with the level of bone marrow plasmacytosis (P=1x10(-10)) and International Staging System 3 (P=0.0001) but not with gain(1q), and del(17p) or plasma cell gene signatures. The signal was preserved in 72 individuals with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and generally re-appeared in MM patients responding to treatment, suggesting that lack of signal reflects increased tumor burden. While absence of spleen signal in MM patients with high risk disease defined a subgroup with very poor outcome, re-appearance of the spleen signal after autologous stem cell transplantation was seen in patients with improved outcome. Our preliminary observation suggests that extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen is a factor that modifies the DW-MRI signal of this organ. Conclusions: The DW-MRI spleen signal is a promising marker for tumor load and provides prognostic information in MM.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MitchellLiWeinholdetal.2016,
  author    = {Mitchell, Jonathan S. and Li, Ni and Weinhold, Niels and F{\"o}rsti, Asta and Ali, Mina and van Duin, Mark and Thorleifsson, Gudmar and Johnson, David C. and Chen, Bowang and Halvarsson, Britt-Marie and Gudbjartsson, Daniel F. and Kuiper, Rowan and Stephens, Owen W. and Bertsch, Uta and Broderick, Peter and Campo, Chiara and Einsele, Hermann and Gregory, Walter A. and Gullberg, Urban and Henrion, Marc and Hillengass, Jens and Hoffmann, Per and Jackson, Graham H. and Johnsson, Ellinor and J{\"o}ud, Magnus and Kristinsson, Sigurdur Y. and Lenhoff, Stig and Lenive, Oleg and Mellqvist, Ulf-Henrik and Migliorini, Gabriele and Nahi, Hareth and Nelander, Sven and Nickel, Jolanta and N{\"o}then, Markus M. and Rafnar, Thorunn and Ross, Fiona M. and da Silva Filho, Miguel Inacio and Swaminathan, Bhairavi and Thomsen, Hauke and Turesson, Ingemar and Vangsted, Annette and Vogel, Ulla and Waage, Anders and Walker, Brian A. and Wihlborg, Anna-Karin and Broyl, Annemiek and Davies, Faith E. and Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur and Langer, Christian and Hansson, Markus and Kaiser, Martin and Sonneveld, Pieter and Stefansson, Kari and Morgan, Gareth J. and Goldschmidt, Hartmut and Hemminki, Kari and Nilsson, Bj{\"o}rn and Houlston, Richard S.},
  title     = {Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for multiple myeloma},
  series = {Nature Communications},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Nature Communications},
  doi       = {10.1038/ncomms12050},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165983},
  pages     = {12050},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy with a significant heritable basis. Genome-wide association studies have transformed our understanding of MM predisposition, but individual studies have had limited power to discover risk loci. Here we perform a meta-analysis of these GWAS, add a new GWAS and perform replication analyses resulting in 9,866 cases and 239,188 controls. We confirm all nine known risk loci and discover eight new loci at 6p22.3 (rs34229995, P=1.31 × 10-8), 6q21 (rs9372120, P=9.09 × 10-15), 7q36.1 (rs7781265, P=9.71 × 10-9), 8q24.21 (rs1948915, P=4.20 × 10-11), 9p21.3 (rs2811710, P=1.72 × 10-13), 10p12.1 (rs2790457, P=1.77 × 10-8), 16q23.1 (rs7193541, P=5.00 × 10-12) and 20q13.13 (rs6066835, P=1.36 × 10-13), which localize in or near to JARID2, ATG5, SMARCD3, CCAT1, CDKN2A, WAC, RFWD3 and PREX1. These findings provide additional support for a polygenic model of MM and insight into the biological basis of tumour development.},
  language  = {en}
}