@phdthesis{Schroettle2009,
  author    = {Schr{\"o}ttle, Angelika},
  title     = {Die Inhibition der Leukozyten-Endothelzell-Interaktionen durch endotheliales Stickstoffmonoxid},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54411},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Rolle der endothelialen Stickstoffmonoxid-Synthase in Hinblick auf die Leukozyten-Endothelzell-Interaktionen bei der spontanen Arterioskleroseentwicklung zu untersuchen. Apolipoprotein E knockout-M{\"a}use und Apolipoprotein E knockout/endotheliale Stickstoffmonoxid-Synthase knockout-M{\"a}use dienten dabei als genetisches Modell. Durch IVM-, Real-time PCR-, Western Blot und immunhistochemische Versuche konnte gezeigt werden, dass apoE/eNOS dko-Tiere im Vergleich zu apoE ko-Kontrollen signifikant erh{\"o}hte L/E-Interaktionen, eine verst{\"a}rkte endotheliale Adh{\"a}sionsmolek{\"u}lexpression und eine gesteigerte Makrophagen-Infiltration in die Gef{\"a}ßwand aufweisen. Duplexsonographisch vergleichbare Widerstands-Indices bei beiden Genotypen belegen eine {\"a}hnliche H{\"a}modynamik und schließen ver{\"a}nderte Flussbedingungen als Ursache der erh{\"o}hten L/E-Interaktionen aus. Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, dass die verminderte NO-Produktion in apoE/eNOS dko-M{\"a}usen die gesteigerten Leukozyten-Endothelzell-Interaktionen in diesem Modell bedingt und andere Quellen vaskul{\"a}ren Stickstoffmonoxids, genauer gesagt nNOS und iNOS, dies nicht zu kompensieren verm{\"o}gen. {\"U}berraschenderweise nahm die eNOS-Deletion keinen Einfluss auf die Thrombozyten-Endothelzell-Interaktionen, was gegen eine bedeutende Rolle von Blutpl{\"a}ttchen bei der beschleunigten Arterioskleroseentwicklung von apoE/eNOS dko-M{\"a}usen spricht.},
  subject      = {Arteriosklerose},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PonnuswamySchroettleOstermeieretal.2012,
  author    = {Ponnuswamy, Padmapriya and Schr{\"o}ttle, Angelika and Ostermeier, Eva and Gr{\"u}ner, Sabine and Huang, Paul L. and Ertl, Georg and Hoffmann, Ulrich and Nieswandt, Bernhard and Kuhlencordt, Peter J.},
  title     = {eNOS Protects from Atherosclerosis Despite Relevant Superoxide Production by the Enzyme in apoE\(^{-/-}\) Mice},
  series = {PLoS One},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {PLoS One},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0030193},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134866},
  pages     = {e30193},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background: All three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms are expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. NOS enzymes in general catalyse NO production. However, under conditions of substrate and cofactor deficiency, the enzyme directly catalyse superoxide formation. Considering this alternative chemistry, the effects of NOS on key events in spontaneous hyperlipidemia driven atherosclerosis have not been investigated yet. Here, we evaluate how endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) modulates leukocyte/endothelial-(L/E) and platelet/endothelial-(P/E) interactions in atherosclerosis and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide by the enzyme. Principal Findings: Intravital microscopy (IVM) of carotid arteries revealed significantly increased L/E-interactions in apolipoproteinE/eNOS double knockout mice (apoE\(^{-/-}\)/eNOS\(^{-/-}\)), while P/E-interactions did not differ, compared to apoE\(^{-/-}\). eNOS deficiency increased macrophage infiltration in carotid arteries and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, both in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Despite the expression of other NOS isoforms (inducible NOS, iNOS and neuronal NOS, nNOS) in plaques, Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurements of NO showed significant contribution of eNOS to total circulating and vascular wall NO production. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of eNOS reduced vascular superoxide production, indicating uncoupling of the enzyme in apoE\(^{-/-}\) vessels. Conclusion: Overt plaque formation, increased vascular inflammation and L/E-interactions are associated with significant reduction of superoxide production in apoE\(^{-/-}\)/eNOS\(^{-/-}\) vessels. Therefore, lack of eNOS does not cause an automatic increase in oxidative stress. Uncoupling of eNOS occurs in apoE\(^{-/-}\) atherosclerosis but does not negate the enzyme's strong protective effects.},
  language  = {en}
}