@article{WoelkSuetterlinKochetal.2014,
  author    = {W{\"o}lk, Julian and S{\"u}tterlin, Stefan and Koch, Stefan and V{\"o}gele, Claus and Schulz, Stefan M.},
  title     = {Enhanced cardiac perception predicts impaired performance in the Iowa Gambling Task in patients with panic disorder},
  series = {Brain and Behavior},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Brain and Behavior},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {2162-3279},
  doi       = {10.1002/brb3.206},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119865},
  pages     = {238-46},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {OBJECTIVE: Somatic marker theory predicts that somatic cues serve intuitive decision making; however, cardiovascular symptoms are threat cues for patients with panic disorder (PD). Therefore, enhanced cardiac perception may aid intuitive decision making only in healthy individuals, but impair intuitive decision making in PD patients. METHODS: PD patients and age-and sex-matched volunteers without a psychiatric diagnosis (n=17, respectively) completed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) as a measure of intuitive decision making. Interindividual differences in cardiac perception were assessed with a common mental-tracking task. RESULTS: In line with our hypothesis, we found a pattern of opposing associations (Fisher's Z=1.78, P=0.04) of high cardiac perception with improved IGT-performance in matched control-participants (r=0.36, n=14) but impaired IGT-performance in PD patients (r=-0.38, n=13). CONCLUSION: Interoceptive skills, typically assumed to aid intuitive decision making, can have the opposite effect in PD patients who experience interoceptive cues as threatening, and tend to avoid them. This may explain why PD patients frequently have problems with decision making in everyday life. Screening of cardiac perception may help identifying patients who benefit from specifically tailored interventions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WinterSchulzSchmitteretal.2022,
  author    = {Winter, Anna and Schulz, Stefan M. and Schmitter, Marc and Brands, Roman C. and Straub, Anton and K{\"u}bler, Alexander and Borgmann, Anna and Hartmann, Stefan},
  title     = {Oral-health-related quality of life in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a prospective clinical study},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {18},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph191811709},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-288141},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) represents an adverse side effect of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medications. It is associated with impaired quality of life, oral health, and oral function and can be classified into various stages. The purpose of this prospective clinical study is to evaluate the impact of stages I and II MRONJ on oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and related parameters. Patients' OHRQoL, satisfaction with life, oral discomfort, and oral health were assessed using the German version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G49), visual analog scales (VAS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) at baseline (T0), 10 days (T1), and 3 months after treatment (T2) in 36 patients. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, two-way mixed ANOVAs, and follow-up Mann-Whitney U tests. The impact of treatment effects on the original seven OHIP domain structures and the recently introduced four-dimensional OHIP structure were evaluated using linear regression analysis. Thirty-six patients received surgical MRONJ treatment. Before treatment, patients' perceived OHRQoL, oral discomfort, oral health, and satisfaction with life were negatively affected by MRONJ. Surgical treatment significantly improved OHRQoL and related parameters (all p ≤ 0.012). This improvement was greater in patients with higher impairment at T0. OHRQoL and oral restrictions were still impaired after treatment in patients who needed prosthetic treatment. The four-dimensional structure revealed valuable information beyond the standard seven OHIP domains. Increased awareness of MRONJ risks and an interdisciplinary treatment approach for MRONJ patients are needed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schulz2009,
  author    = {Schulz, Stefan M.},
  title     = {Mediators of Social Anxiety - External Social Threat-Cues vs. Self-Related Negative Cognitions},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-44684},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Sozial {\"a}ngstliche Menschen richten ihre Aufmerksamkeit in sozial bedrohlichen Situationen nach innen auf selbstbezogene negative Gedanken (z.B. „Ich schaffe das nicht!"). Außerdem richten sie ihre Aufmerksamkeit unwillk{\"u}rlich bevorzugt auf potenziell bedrohliche soziale Umweltreize und beurteilen diese im Vergleich zu niedrig sozial {\"a}ngstlichen Kontrollpersonen besonders negativ. Einschl{\"a}gige Modelle und die Fachliteratur lassen den Schluss zu, dass selbstbezogene negative Gedanken und die systematisch verzerrte Verarbeitung bedrohlicher sozialer Umweltreize Mediatoren f{\"u}r Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen sozialer {\"A}ngstlichkeit und akuter Angst in sozial bedrohlichen Situationen sind. Zudem finden sich Hinweise auf Wechselwirkungen zwischen den angenommenen Mediatoren. Auf dieser Grundlage wurde ein Arbeitsmodell zu Mediatoren sozialer Angst erstellt. In drei Experimenten wurden von diesem Modell abgeleitete Hypothesen {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Die Ergebnisse der drei Experimente zeigten eindrucksvoll in subjektiven und physiologischen Daten (Herzratenvariabilit{\"a}t bzw. parasympathische Aktivierung), dass selbstbezogene negative Gedanken tats{\"a}chlich ein Mediator sozialer Angst sind. Im Vergleich dazu spielt die verzerrte automatische Verarbeitung bedrohlicher sozialer Umweltreize zumindest in {\"o}kologisch validen, sozial bedrohlichen Situationen eine vernachl{\"a}ssigbare Rolle.},
  subject      = {Sozialangst},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RitzEnlowSchulzetal.2012,
  author    = {Ritz, Thomas and Enlow, Michelle Bosquet and Schulz, Stefan M. and Kitts, Robert and Staudenmayer, John and Wright, Rosalind J.},
  title     = {Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as an Index of Vagal Activity during Stress in Infants: Respiratory Influences and Their Control},
  series = {PLoS One},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {PLoS One},
  number    = {12},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0052729},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-135396},
  pages     = {e52729},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is related to cardiac vagal outflow and the respiratory pattern. Prior infant studies have not systematically examined respiration rate and tidal volume influences on infant RSA or the extent to which infants' breathing is too fast to extract a valid RSA. We therefore monitored cardiac activity, respiration, and physical activity in 23 six-month old infants during a standardized laboratory stressor protocol. On average, 12.6\% (range 0-58.2\%) of analyzed breaths were too short for RSA extraction. Higher respiration rate was associated with lower RSA amplitude in most infants, and lower tidal volume was associated with lower RSA amplitude in some infants. RSA amplitude corrected for respiration rate and tidal volume influences showed theoretically expected strong reductions during stress, whereas performance of uncorrected RSA was less consistent. We conclude that stress-induced changes of peak-valley RSA and effects of variations in breathing patterns on RSA can be determined for a representative percentage of infant breaths. As expected, breathing substantially affects infant RSA and needs to be considered in studies of infant psychophysiology.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GhafoorNordbeckRitteretal.2022,
  author    = {Ghafoor, Hina and Nordbeck, Peter and Ritter, Oliver and Pauli, Paul and Schulz, Stefan M.},
  title     = {Can Religiosity and Social Support Explain Effects of Trait Emotional Intelligence on Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Cultural Study},
  series = {Journal of Religion and Health},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Journal of Religion and Health},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {0022-4197},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10943-020-01163-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232823},
  pages     = {158-174},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Religion and social support along with trait emotional intelligence (EI) help individuals to reduce stress caused by difficult situations. Their implications may vary across cultures in reference to predicting health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A convenience sample of N = 200 chronic heart failure (CHF) patients was recruited at cardiology centers in Germany (n = 100) and Pakistan (n = 100). Results indicated that trait-EI predicted better mental component of HRQoL in Pakistani and German CHF patients. Friends as social support appeared relevant for German patients only. Qualitative data indicate an internal locus of control in German as compared to Pakistani patients. Strengthening the beneficial role of social support in Pakistani patients is one example of how the current findings may inspire culture-specific treatment to empower patients dealing with the detrimental effects of CHF.},
  language  = {en}
}