@article{SudarevicTroyaFuchsetal.2023,
  author    = {Sudarevic, Boban and Troya, Joel and Fuchs, Karl-Hermann and Hann, Alexander and Vereczkei, Andras and Meining, Alexander},
  title     = {Design and development of a flexible 3D-printed endoscopic grasping instrument},
  series = {Applied Sciences},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Applied Sciences},
  number    = {9},
  issn      = {2076-3417},
  doi       = {10.3390/app13095656},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-319186},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {(1) Background: Interventional endoscopic procedures are growing more popular, requiring innovative instruments and novel techniques. Three-dimensional printing has demonstrated great potential for the rapid development of prototypes that can be used for the early assessment of various concepts. In this work, we present the development of a flexible endoscopic instrument and explore its potential benefits. (2) Methods: The properties of the instrument, such as its maneuverability, flexibility, and bending force, were evaluated in a series of bench tests. Additionally, the effectiveness of the instrument was evaluated in an ex vivo porcine model by medical experts, who graded its properties and performance. Furthermore, the time necessary to complete various interventional endoscopic tasks was recorded. (3) Results: The instrument achieved bending angles of ±216° while achieving a bending force of 7.85 (±0.53) Newtons. The time needed to reach the operating region was 120 s median, while it took 70 s median to insert an object in a cavity. Furthermore, it took 220 s median to insert the instrument and remove an object from the cavity. (4) Conclusions: This study presents the development of a flexible endoscopic instrument using three-dimensional printing technology and its evaluation. The instrument demonstrated high bending angles and forces, and superior properties compared to the current state of the art. Furthermore, it was able to complete various interventional endoscopic tasks in minimal time, thus potentially leading to the improved safety and effectiveness of interventional endoscopic procedures in the future.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Jentzsch2021,
  author    = {Jentzsch, Antonio},
  title     = {Die „Malen nach Zahlen" Methode zur Verbesserung der Pr{\"a}paration einer Vollgusskrone der Studenten},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23717},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237176},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Introduction: No commercially available solution to improve the teaching of a crown preparation directly on typodont teeth exists at the moment. To fill this gap and support the supervisors of dental courses, a printable and inexpensive tooth was created for structured self-assessment. The aim of this study was to test this printable tooth under realistic pre-clinical situations. Materials and methods: A two-coloured, double-layer practice tooth was developed. This tooth was consisting of a layer for a correct preparation and the crown. All printed teeth were produced with a stereolithographic printer. 35 voluntary secondyear dental students in the second pre-clinical course in prosthodontics were randomly divided into two groups. All students had experience with typodont teeth and models. The first group was trained on four standard model teeth. The second group used model teeth for the first and fourth attempt and printed teeth for second and third attempt. The preparations of the students were scanned by an in-lab scanner and the surface deviations in contrast to a perfect preparation were measured. The differences between the first and fourth attempt were calculated. Benefits of the printed tooth were also evaluated by a questionnaire using German school grades completed by the students (1 = Excellent, 2 = Good, 3 = Satisfactory, 4 = Adequate, 5 = Poor, 6 = Unsatisfactory). Results: The workflow was feasible and cost-effective regarding the production of the printed teeth. The overall rating of the printed tooth in the questionnaire was good ({\O} 2.1 ± 0.22). Students reported different advantages of this method in the free text. The comparison of the preparation between the first and fourth attempt showed that there was a significant better preparation with the printed teeth. The complete preparation had median values of 0.05 mm (Group1: standard model tooth) and -0.03 mm (Group2: printed tooth) (P = .005). Divided into single surfaces, the vestibular and occlusal regions were significantly better. The vestibular surface was 0.11 mm (Group1) and -0.04 mm (Group2) (P = .018). The occlusal surface was 0.13 mm (Group1) and -0.05 mm (Group2) (P = .009). Conclusions: The aim of this study was fulfilled. The printed tooth was tested successfully in a pre-clinical course. The feasibility of this teaching concept was confirmed by the questionnaire and the analysis of the preparation form. A significant difference to a standard model tooth was measurable. The students had the possibility to learn a correct crown preparation on a standardised two-layered tooth with included preparation. This printed tooth enabled the students to control the crown preparation directly on their own.},
  subject      = {3D-Druck},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HoehneDickhautSchmitter2020,
  author    = {H{\"o}hne, Christian and Dickhaut, Nora and Schmitter, Marc},
  title     = {Introduction of a new teaching concept for dentin post preparation with 3D printed teeth},
  series = {European Journal of Dental Education},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {European Journal of Dental Education},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1111/eje.12528},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-215586},
  pages     = {499 -- 506},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Introduction The preparation for dentin posts is difficult and hard to learn. There are currently no reproducible simulation models to train this clinical procedure. The purpose of this study was the design, feasibility and evaluation of a three-dimensional (3D) printed tooth model for the pre-clinical teaching of students. Materials and methods A printable tooth was designed and printed by a stereolithographic printer. A total of 48 fourth-year dental students in the first clinical course in prosthodontics were trained in a voluntary hands-on course on 4 similar printed teeth. The students used standard model teeth and real-teeth models during their education. They had experience in caries removement and root canal treatment on real patients. Root perforations were counted for every attempt. The different benefits of the 3D printed tooth were evaluated by a questionnaire using German school grades from 1 (best) to 6 (worst). Results The overall rating of the printed tooth was {\O}1.9 ± 0.3. The item "suitable exercise option" was rated {\O}2.0 ± 0.8, and the teeth were "easy to use" {\O}1.9 ± 0.9. The item "realistic approach to dentin post preparation" was rated {\O}2.1 ± 0.8, and the teeth showed the "shortcomings at a root perforation" {\O}1.5 ± 0.6. The students reported to have much more motivation and enthusiasm to improve their skills with the printed teeth {\O}2.1 ± 0.9. They had a strong desire to include these teeth in their pre-clinical education before the first patient treatment {\O}1.6 ± 0.8. The success rate of the dentin post preparation was significantly better for the second 25\% (P = .047) and fourth 48\% (P = .04) attempt. Conclusions The feasibility of this teaching concept was confirmed. The students had the possibility to learn a correct dentin post preparation on a printed tooth model. The learning effect with this tooth model was rated as good to very good by the questionnaire.},
  language  = {en}
}