@article{SperlichHahnEdeletal.2018,
  author    = {Sperlich, Billy and Hahn, Lea-Sofie and Edel, Antonia and Behr, Tino and Helmprobst, Julian and Leppich, Robert and Wallmann-Sperlich, Birgit and Holmberg, Hans-Christer},
  title     = {A 4-week intervention involving mobile-based daily 6-minute micro-sessions of functional high-intensity circuit training improves strength and quality of life, but not cardio-respiratory fitness of young untrained adults},
  series = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  number    = {423},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2018.00423},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176565},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The present study was designed to assess the psycho-physiological responses of physically untrained individuals to mobile-based multi-stimulating, circuit-like, multiple-joint conditioning (Circuit\(_{HIIT}\)) performed either once (1xCircuitHIIT) or twice (2xCircuit\(_{HIIT}\)) daily for 4 weeks. In this single-center, two-arm randomized, controlled study, 24 men and women (age: 25 ± 5 years) first received no training instructions for 4 weeks and then performed 4 weeks of either 1xCircuitHIIT or 2xCircuit\(_{HIIT}\) (5 men and 7 women in each group) daily. The 1xCircuitHIIT and 2xCircuit\(_{HIIT}\) participants carried out 90.7 and 85.7\% of all planned training sessions, respectively, with average heart rates during the 6-min sessions of 74.3 and 70.8\% of maximal heart rate. Body, fat and fat-free mass, and metabolic rate at rest did not differ between the groups or between time-points of measurement. Heart rate while running at 6 km⋅h\(^{-1}\) declined after the intervention in both groups. Submaximal and peak oxygen uptake, the respiratory exchange ratio and heart rate recovery were not altered by either intervention. The maximal numbers of push-ups, leg-levers, burpees, 45°-one-legged squats and 30-s skipping, as well as perception of general health improved in both groups. Our 1xCircuit\(_{HIIT}\) or 2xCircuit\(_{HIIT}\) interventions improved certain parameters of functional strength and certain dimensions of quality of life in young untrained individuals. However, they were not sufficient to enhance cardio-respiratory fitness, in particular peak oxygen uptake.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DuekingTaflerWallmannSperlichetal.2020,
  author    = {D{\"u}king, Peter and Tafler, Marie and Wallmann-Sperlich, Birgit and Sperlich, Billy and Kleih, Sonja},
  title     = {Behavior Change Techniques in Wrist-Worn Wearables to Promote Physical Activity: Content Analysis},
  series = {JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth},
  number    = {11},
  doi       = {10.2196/20820},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230556},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Background: Decreasing levels of physical activity (PA) increase the incidences of noncommunicable diseases, obesity, and mortality. To counteract these developments, interventions aiming to increase PA are urgently needed. Mobile health (mHealth) solutions such as wearable sensors (wearables) may assist with an improvement in PA. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine which behavior change techniques (BCTs) are incorporated in currently available commercial high-end wearables that target users' PA behavior. Methods: The BCTs incorporated in 5 different high-end wearables (Apple Watch Series 3, Garmin V{\´i}voactive 3, Fitbit Versa, Xiaomi Amazfit Stratos 2, and Polar M600) were assessed by 2 researchers using the BCT Taxonomy version 1 (BCTTv1). Effectiveness of the incorporated BCTs in promoting PA behavior was assessed by a content analysis of the existing literature. Results: The most common BCTs were goal setting (behavior), action planning, review behavior goal(s), discrepancy between current behavior and goal, feedback on behavior, self-monitoring of behavior, and biofeedback. Fitbit Versa, Garmin V{\´i}voactive 3, Apple Watch Series 3, Polar M600, and Xiaomi Amazfit Stratos 2 incorporated 17, 16, 12, 11, and 11 BCTs, respectively, which are proven to effectively promote PA. Conclusions: Wearables employ different numbers and combinations of BCTs, which might impact their effectiveness in improving PA. To promote PA by employing wearables, we encourage researchers to develop a taxonomy specifically designed to assess BCTs incorporated in wearables. We also encourage manufacturers to customize BCTs based on the targeted populations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerPaulsenBuckschetal.2023,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Christina and Paulsen, Lisa and Bucksch, Jens and Wallmann-Sperlich, Birgit},
  title     = {Bewegungs- und Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung in l{\"a}ndlichen und st{\"a}dtischen Kommunen - eine qualitative Analyse zu den Rollen potenzieller Multiplikator*innen},
  series = {Pr{\"a}vention und Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Pr{\"a}vention und Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1861-6755},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11553-022-00975-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325039},
  pages     = {397-404},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Hintergrund Kommunale Bewegungsf{\"o}rderung kann zur Vermeidung lebensstilbedingter Erkrankungen beitragen, ist aber keine kommunale Pflichtaufgabe, weshalb es in der Regel keine klaren Zust{\"a}ndigkeiten daf{\"u}r gibt. Um zu verstehen, wie kommunale Bewegungsf{\"o}rderung in Deutschland vorangebracht werden kann, ist es wichtig, potenzielle Multiplikator*innen in st{\"a}dtischen und l{\"a}ndlichen Kommunen zu identifizieren und deren Rollen zu charakterisieren. Methodische Vorgehensweise Es wurden 18 potenzielle Multiplikator*innen der kommunalen Gesundheits- und Bewegungsf{\"o}rderung auf verschiedenen Ebenen (Bundesland, Landkreis/Stadt, Gemeinde/Stadtteil) in leitfadengest{\"u}tzten semistrukturierten Interviews zu ihrer eigenen Rolle sowie zu ihrer Wahrnehmung der Rollen anderer Akteur*innen befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte gem{\"a}ß der inhaltlich-strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz. Ergebnisse (Landes‑)Gesundheits{\"a}mter und Gesundheitskonferenzen nehmen eine beratende, vernetzende und fachlich unterst{\"u}tzende Rolle ein. Auf der Umsetzungsebene vor Ort m{\"u}ssen sich im Einzelfall K{\"u}mmer*innen finden, die in Stadt und Land unterschiedlich sein k{\"o}nnen. Die befragten Quartiermanager*innen sehen ihre prim{\"a}re Rolle in der Arbeit mit den B{\"u}rger*innen, die Verwaltungsmitarbeiter*innen in der administrativen Abwicklung von Projekten. Schlussfolgerung Fachliche Impulse zur kommunalen Bewegungsf{\"o}rderung k{\"o}nnen {\"u}ber Landesgesundheits{\"a}mter an Akteur*innen in Landkreisen und St{\"a}dten weitergegeben werden. F{\"u}r die Multiplikation und Umsetzung in einzelnen Gemeinden und Stadtteilen m{\"u}ssen Verantwortliche vor Ort gefunden werden bzw. Strukturen aufgebaut werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MuellerDomokosAmersbachetal.2023,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Christina and Domokos, Bruno and Amersbach, Tanja and Hausmayer, Eva-Maria and Roßmann, Christin and Wallmann-Sperlich, Birgit and Bucksch, Jens},
  title     = {Development and reliability testing of an audit toolbox for the assessment of the physical activity friendliness of urban and rural environments in Germany},
  series = {Frontiers in Public Health},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Public Health},
  issn      = {2296-2565},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpubh.2023.1153088},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-326116},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Background: According to socio-ecological theories, physical activity behaviors are linked to the physical and social neighborhood environment. Reliable and contextually adapted instruments are needed to assess environmental characteristics related to physical activity. This work aims to develop an audit toolbox adapted to the German context, to urban and rural settings, for different population groups, and different types of physical activity; and to evaluate its inter-rater reliability. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search to collect existing audit tools and to identify the latest evidence of environmental factors influencing physical activity in general, as well as in German populations. The results guided the construction of a category system for the toolbox. Items were assigned to the categories based on their relevance to physical activity and to the German context as well as their comprehensibility. We piloted the toolbox in different urban and rural areas (100 street segments, 15 parks, and 21 playgrounds) and calculated inter-rater reliability by Cohen's Kappa. Results: The audit toolbox comprises a basic streetscape audit with seven categories (land use and destinations, traffic safety, pedestrian infrastructure, cycling infrastructure, attractiveness, social environment, and subjective assessment), as well as supplementary tools for children and adolescents, seniors and people with impaired mobility, parks and public open spaces, playgrounds, and rural areas. 76 \% of all included items had moderate, substantial, or almost perfect inter-rater reliability (κ > 0.4). Conclusions: The audit toolbox is an innovative and reliable instrument for the assessment of the physical activity friendliness of urban and rural environments in Germany.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SperlichWallmannSperlichZinneretal.2017,
  author    = {Sperlich, Billy and Wallmann-Sperlich, Birgit and Zinner, Christoph and Von Stauffenberg, Valerie and Losert, Helena and Holmberg, Hans-Christer},
  title     = {Functional High-intensity Circuit Training Improves Body Composition,Peak Oxygen Uptake, Strength, and Alters Certain Dimensions of Quality of Life in Overweight Women},
  series = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  number    = {172},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2017.00172},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171015},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The effects of circuit-like functional high-intensity training (Circuit\(_{HIIT}\)) alone or in combination with high-volume low-intensity exercise (Circuit\(_{combined}\)) on selected cardio-respiratory and metabolic parameters, body composition, functional strength and the quality of life of overweight women were compared. In this single-center, two-armed randomized, controlled study, overweight women performed 9-weeks (3 sessions·wk\(^{-1}\)) of either Circuit\(_{HIIT}\) (n = 11), or Circuit\(_{combined}\) (n = 8). Peak oxygen uptake and perception of physical pain were increased to a greater extent (p < 0.05) by Circuit\(_{HIIT}\), whereas Circuit\(_{combined}\) improved perception of general health more (p < 0.05). Both interventions lowered body mass, body-mass-index, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass, and enhanced fat-free mass; decreased ratings of perceived exertion during submaximal treadmill running; improved the numbers of push-ups, burpees, one-legged squats, and 30-s skipping performed, as well as the height of counter-movement jumps; and improved physical and social functioning, role of physical limitations, vitality, role of emotional limitations, and mental health to a similar extent (all p < 0.05). Either forms of these multi-stimulating, circuit-like, multiple-joint training can be employed to improve body composition, selected variables of functional strength, and certain dimensions of quality of life in overweight women. However, Circuit\(_{HIIT}\) improves peak oxygen uptake to a greater extent, but with more perception of pain, whereas Circuit\(_{Combined}\) results in better perception of general health.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WallmannSperlichHoffmannSaldittetal.2019,
  author    = {Wallmann-Sperlich, Birgit and Hoffmann, Sophie and Salditt, Anne and Bipp, Tanja and Froboese, Ingo},
  title     = {Moving to an "active" biophilic designed office workplace: a pilot study about the effects on sitting time and sitting habits of office-based workers},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {9},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph16091559},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197371},
  pages     = {1559},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Promising initial insights show that offices designed to permit physical activity (PA) may reduce workplace sitting time. Biophilic approaches are intended to introduce natural surroundings into the workplace, and preliminary data show positive effects on stress reduction and elevated productivity within the workplace. The primary aim of this pilot study was to analyze changes in workplace sitting time and self-reported habit strength concerning uninterrupted sitting and PA during work, when relocating from a traditional office setting to "active" biophilic-designed surroundings. The secondary aim was to assess possible changes in work-associated factors such as satisfaction with the office environment, work engagement, and work performance, among office staff. In a pre-post designed field study, we collected data through an online survey on health behavior at work. Twelve participants completed the survey before (one-month pre-relocation, T1) and twice after the office relocation (three months (T2) and seven months post-relocation (T3)). Standing time per day during office hours increased from T1 to T3 by about 40 min per day (p < 0.01). Other outcomes remained unaltered. The results suggest that changing office surroundings to an active-permissive biophilic design increased standing time during working hours. Future larger-scale controlled studies are warranted to investigate the influence of office design on sitting time and work-associated factors during working hours in depth.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WallmannSperlichFroboeseSchantz2014,
  author    = {Wallmann-Sperlich, Birgit and Froboese, Ingo and Schantz, Peter},
  title     = {Physical Activity and the Perceived Neighbourhood Environment - Looking at the Association the Other Way Around},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {8},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph110808093},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119441},
  pages     = {8093-8111},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The association between physical activity (PA) and variables of the perceived environment mainly originate from cross-sectional studies that introduced the idea that the environment influences the PA level of residents. However, the direction of cause and effect has not been solved with finality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether residents' perception of their proximate environment differs depending on their level of PA in transport and recreation. We conducted a cross-sectional survey with residents of six different parts of the city of Cologne, Germany. The sample of 470 adults (52.8\% females; mean age = 35.5 ± 13.8 years) filled in the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), as well as the European Environmental Questionnaire ALPHA. To distinguish between residents with "low" and "high" PA, we split the samples into two on the basis of the specific median in transport- and recreation-related PA. In the "high" vs. "low" PA group of the overall sample, we noted 4\%-16\% more "PA favourable" environmental perceptions in seven of the 15 environmental variables. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to investigate associations of socio-demographic correlates and transport- and recreation-related PA on the dependent variables of the environmental perception. In this case, levels of PA were significant predictors for eight of the 15 items concerning environmental perceptions. Thus, the present study introduces the idea that residents with higher levels of transport and recreational PA may perceive their environment in a more "PA-favourable" way than residents with lower levels.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WallmannSperlichFroboese2014,
  author    = {Wallmann-Sperlich, Birgit and Froboese, Ingo},
  title     = {Physical Activity during Work, Transport and Leisure in Germany - Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0112333},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-113648},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background This study aimed 1) to provide data estimates concerning overall moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) as well as MVPA during work, transport and leisure in Germany and 2) to investigate MVPA and possible associations with socio-demographic correlates. Methods A cross-sectional telephone survey interviewed 2248 representative participants in the age of 18-65 years (1077 men; 42.4±13.4 years; body mass index: 25.3±4.5kg•m-2) regarding their self-reported physical activity across Germany. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was applied to investigate MVPA during work, transport and leisure and questions were answered concerning their demographics. MVPA was stratified by gender, age, body mass index, residential setting, educational and income level. To identify socio-demographic correlates of overall MVPA as well as in the domains, we used a series of linear regressions. Results 52.8\% of the sample achieved physical activity recommendations (53.7\% men/52.1\% women). Overall MVPA was highest in the age group 18-29 years (p<.05), in participants with 10 years of education (p<.05) and in participants with lowest income levels <1.500€ (p<.05). Regression analyses revealed that age, education and income were negatively associated with overall and work MVPA. Residential setting and education was positively correlated with transport MVPA, whereas income level was negatively associated with transport MVPA. Education was the only correlate for leisure MVPA with a positive association. Conclusions The present data underlines the importance of a comprehensive view on physical activity engagement according to the different physical activity domains and discloses a need for future physical activity interventions that consider socio-demographic variables, residential setting as well as the physical activity domain in Germany.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SperlichDeClerckZinneretal.2018,
  author    = {Sperlich, Billy and De Clerck, Ine and Zinner, Christoph and Holmberg,, Hans-Christer and Wallmann-Sperlich, Birgit},
  title     = {Prolonged sitting interrupted by 6-min of high-intensity exercise: circulatory, metabolic, hormonal, thermal, cognitive, and perceptual responses},
  series = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  number    = {1279},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2018.01279},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177307},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The aim was to examine certain aspects of circulatory, metabolic, hormonal, thermoregulatory, cognitive, and perceptual responses while sitting following a brief session of high-intensity interval exercise. Twelve students (five men; age, 22 ± 2 years) performed two trials involving either simply sitting for 180 min (SIT) or sitting for this same period with a 6-min session of high-intensity exercise after 60 min (SIT+HIIT). At T\(_0\) (after 30 min of resting), T\(_1\) (after a 20-min breakfast), T\(_2\) (after sitting for 1 h), T\(_3\) (immediately after the HIIT), T\(_4\), T\(_5\), T\(_6\), and T\(_7\) (30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the HIIT), circulatory, metabolic, hormonal, thermoregulatory, cognitive, and perceptual responses were assessed. The blood lactate concentration (at T\(_3\)-T\(_5\)), heart rate (at T\(_3\)-T\(_6\)), oxygen uptake (at T\(_3\)-T\(_7\)), respiratory exchange ratio, and sensations of heat (T\(_3\)-T\(_5\)), sweating (T\(_3\), T\(_4\)) and odor (T\(_3\)), as well as perception of vigor (T\(_3\)-T\(_6\)), were higher and the respiratory exchange ratio (T\(_4\)-T\(_7\)) and mean body and skin temperatures (T\(_3\)) lower in the SIT+HIIT than the SIT trial. Levels of blood glucose and salivary cortisol, cerebral oxygenation, and feelings of anxiety/depression, fatigue or hostility, as well as the variables of cognitive function assessed by the Stroop test did not differ between SIT and SIT+HIIT. In conclusion, interruption of prolonged sitting with a 6-min session of HIIT induced more pronounced circulatory and metabolic responses and improved certain aspects of perception, without affecting selected hormonal, thermoregulatory or cognitive functions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SperlichBeckerHothoetal.2017,
  author    = {Sperlich, Billy and Becker, Martin and Hotho, Andreas and Wallmann-Sperlich, Birgit and Sareban, Mahdi and Winkert, Kay and Steinacker, J{\"u}rgen M. and Treff, Gunnar},
  title     = {Sedentary behavior among national elite rowers during off-training — a pilot study},
  series = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  number    = {655},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2017.00655},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158753},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The aim of this pilot study was to analyze the off-training physical activity (PA) profile in national elite German U23 rowers during 31 days of their preparation period. The hours spent in each PA category (i.e., sedentary: <1.5 metabolic equivalents (MET); light physical activity: 1.5-3 MET; moderate physical activity: 3-6 MET and vigorous intense physical activity: >6 MET) were calculated for every valid day (i.e., >480 min of wear time). The off-training PA during 21 weekdays and 10 weekend days of the final 11-week preparation period was assessed by the wrist-worn multisensory device Microsoft Band II (MSBII). A total of 11 rowers provided valid data (i.e., >480 min/day) for 11.6 week days and 4.8 weekend days during the 31 days observation period. The average sedentary time was 11.63 ± 1.25 h per day during the week and 12.49 ± 1.10 h per day on the weekend, with a tendency to be higher on the weekend compared to weekdays (p = 0.06; d = 0.73). The average time in light, moderate and vigorous PA during the weekdays was 1.27 ± 1.15, 0.76 ± 0.37, 0.51 ± 0.44 h per day, and 0.67 ± 0.43, 0.59 ± 0.37, 0.53 ± 0.32 h per weekend day. Light physical activity was higher during weekdays compared to the weekend (p = 0.04; d = 0.69). Based on our pilot study of 11 national elite rowers we conclude that rowers display a considerable sedentary off-training behavior of more than 11.5 h/day.},
  language  = {en}
}