@article{TopolinskiStrack2015,
  author    = {Topolinski, Sascha and Strack, Fritz},
  title     = {Corrugator activity confirms immediate negative affect in surprise},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  number    = {134},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00134},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144068},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The emotion of surprise entails a complex of immediate responses, such as cognitive interruption, attention allocation to, and more systematic processing of the surprising stimulus. All these processes serve the ultimate function to increase processing depth and thus cognitively master the surprising stimulus. The present account introduces phasic negative affect as the underlying mechanism responsible for this switch in operating mode. Surprising stimuli are schema discrepant and thus entail cognitive disfluency, which elicits immediate negative affect. This affect in turn works like a phasic cognitive tuning switching the current processing mode from more automatic and heuristic to more systematic and reflective processing. Directly testing the initial elicitation of negative affect by surprising events, the present experiment presented high and low surprising neutral trivia statements to N = 28 participants while assessing their spontaneous facial expressions via facial electromyography. High compared to low surprising trivia elicited higher corrugator activity, indicative of negative affect and mental effort, while leaving zygomaticus (positive affect) and frontalis (cultural surprise expression) activity unaffected. Future research shall investigate the mediating role of negative affect in eliciting surprise-related outcomes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CheethamWuPaulietal.2015,
  author    = {Cheetham, Marcus and Wu, Lingdan and Pauli, Paul and Jancke, Lutz},
  title     = {Arousal, valence, and the uncanny valley: psychophysiological and self-report findings},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  number    = {981},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00981},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151519},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The main prediction of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis (UVH) is that observation of humanlike characters that are difficult to distinguish from the human counterpart will evoke a state of negative affect. Well-established electrophysiological [late positive potential (LPP) and facial electromyography (EMG)] and self-report [Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM)] indices of valence and arousal, i.e., the primary orthogonal dimensions of affective experience, were used to test this prediction by examining affective experience in response to categorically ambiguous compared with unambiguous avatar and human faces (N = 30). LPP and EMG provided direct psychophysiological indices of affective state during passive observation and the SAM provided self-reported indices of affective state during explicit cognitive evaluation of static facial stimuli. The faces were drawn from well-controlled morph continua representing the UVH' dimension of human likeness (DHL). The results provide no support for the notion that category ambiguity along the DHL is specifically associated with enhanced experience of negative affect. On the contrary, the LPP and SAM-based measures of arousal and valence indicated a general increase in negative affective state (i.e., enhanced arousal and negative valence) with greater morph distance from the human end of the DHL. A second sample (N = 30) produced the same finding, using an ad hoc self-rating scale of feelings of familiarity, i.e., an oft-used measure of affective experience along the UVH' familiarity dimension. In conclusion, this multi-method approach using well-validated psychophysiological and self-rating indices of arousal and valence rejects for passive observation and for explicit affective evaluation of static faces the main prediction of the UVH.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SeibtMuehlbergerLikowskietal.2015,
  author    = {Seibt, Beate and M{\"u}hlberger, Andreas and Likowski, Katja U. and Weyers, Peter},
  title     = {Facial mimicry in its social setting},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  number    = {1122},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01122},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151415},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {In interpersonal encounters, individuals often exhibit changes in their own facial expressions in response to emotional expressions of another person. Such changes are often called facial mimicry. While this tendency first appeared to be an automatic tendency of the perceiver to show the same emotional expression as the sender, evidence is now accumulating that situation, person, and relationship jointly determine whether and for which emotions such congruent facial behavior is shown. We review the evidence regarding the moderating influence of such factors on facial mimicry with a focus on understanding the meaning of facial responses to emotional expressions in a particular constellation. From this, we derive recommendations for a research agenda with a stronger focus on the most common forms of encounters, actual interactions with known others, and on assessing potential mediators of facial mimicry. We conclude that facial mimicry is modulated by many factors: attention deployment and sensitivity, detection of valence, emotional feelings, and social motivations. We posit that these are the more proximal causes of changes in facial mimicry due to changes in its social setting.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Bok2015,
  author    = {Bok, Thomas},
  title     = {Frontotemporale Hirnoxygenierung w{\"a}hrend Wortfl{\"u}ssigkeit bei entgifteten Patienten mit Alkoholabh{\"a}ngigkeit: Eine Untersuchung mit Nah-Infrarot Spektroskopie und Elektromyographie des Musculus temporalis},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-117124},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Einf{\"u}hrung. In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchten wir durch funktionelle Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (fNIRS) pr{\"a}frontale Hirnoxygenierung w{\"a}hrend Ableistung von Sprachaufgaben. FNIRS weist {\"u}ber Bestimmung von Konzentrationsunterschieden von sauerstoffbeladenes (OxyHb) und sauerstofffreies H{\"a}moglobin (DeoxyHb) regionale Blutfluss{\"a}nderungen nach und l{\"a}sst somit validen R{\"u}ckschluss auf Hirnaktivit{\"a}t zu. Bereits in fr{\"u}heren Studien konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass Patienten mit Alkoholkrankheit verminderte pr{\"a}frontale Hirnaktivit{\"a}t zeigen. Teil 2 der Studie untersucht den im Untersuchungsgebiet liegenden Schl{\"a}fenmuskel (musculus temporalis) auf Einfl{\"u}sse auf die Methode fNIRS. Methoden. Wir verglichen 15 entgiftete Patienten mit Alkoholkrankheit (Patientengruppe, PG) mit passenden 15 gesunden Kontrollprobanden (Kontrollgruppe, KG)bez{\"u}glich deren Hirn- und Muskelaktivit{\"a}t w{\"a}hrend Ableistung Wortfl{\"u}ssigkeitsaufgabe (VFT; engl. Verbal Fluency Task). Bestimmte, insbesondere pr{\"a}frontale Hirnareale wurden durch phonologische und semantische Testsaufgaben (TA´s), ebenso durch eine Kontrollaufgabe (KA), (Wochentag aufz{\"a}hlen) aktiviert. Durch EMG wurde w{\"a}hrend Durchf{\"u}hrung der Aufgabe die Aktivit{\"a}t des musculus temporalis gemessen. Wir verwendeten zur Datenanalyse sowohl von fNIRS wie auch EMG eine 2x2x2x6 Varianzanalyse (ANOVA) mit Zwischensubjektfaktor „Gruppe" und Innersubjektfaktoren „Bedingung", „Seite" und „Zeit", gerechnet wurde dies f{\"u}r jeweils Oxy- und DeoxyHb sowie den phonologischen sowie semantischen Teil. Ergebnisse. Beide Gruppen lieferten eine vergleichbare Menge an Worten, Hirnaktivierung zeigte sich bei beiden Gruppen signifikant h{\"o}her in den Testaufgaben (phonologisch > semantisch). Die PG zeigte verminderte Hirnaktivierung pr{\"a}frontal im phonologischen, vergleichbare Hirnaktivit{\"a}t im semantischen Teil. Beide Gruppen zeigten vergleichbare Muskelaktivit{\"a}t, jeweils signifikant h{\"o}her in den jeweiligen Testaufgaben. Es zeigten sich keine systematischen Assoziationen (Korrelation nach Pearson) zwischen fNIRS und EMG. Schlussfolgerungen. Insgesamt konnten vorherige Studien mit Nachweis niedrigerer pr{\"a}frontaler Hirnoxygenierung bei entgifteten Patienten mit Alkoholkrankheit gegen{\"u}ber gesunden Kontrollen best{\"a}tigt werden. Die Mehraktivierung beider Gruppen w{\"a}hrend phonologischer Aufgabe gr{\"u}ndet in dem h{\"o}heren intelektuellen Anspruch der Aufgabe, dies erkl{\"a}rt auch den Gruppenunterschied in speziell dieser Aufgabe. Durch eine vergleichbare Muskelaktivit{\"a}t der beiden Gruppen sowie fehlende Assoziationen zwischen fNIRS und EMG sehen wir keinen Einfluss von Muskelaktivit{\"a}t auf die Hirnaktivit{\"a}tsmessung durch fNIRS. Auch eine valide Untersuchung von psychiatrisch kranken Probandengruppen wie Patienten mit Alkoholkrankheit ist hierdurch gut m{\"o}glich. Die Studie bef{\"u}rwortet den k{\"u}nftigen Einsatz und weitere methodische Untersuchungen zur Messung mit fNIRS, einem validen, artefaktunempfindlichen, handlichen und relativ g{\"u}nstigen Messinstrument.},
  subject      = {fNIRS},
  language  = {de}
}