@phdthesis{Moench2017,
  author    = {M{\"o}nch, Romana},
  title     = {The Growth Factor PDGF and its Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-139100},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {A successful therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide, requires the greatest possible research effort. Of critical importance is an understanding of the relevant intracellular networks of signaling cascades, their activation, and the resulting cellular changes that are a prerequisite for a more successful CRC therapy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the appropriate VEGF receptors represent molecular targets that have already been successfully implemented in the clinic (i.e. using monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors). However, for platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and the relevant PDGF receptors, there are currently no clinically approved molecular therapeutics available. However, there are preliminary data to show that PDGF and its associated signaling pathways play an important role in CRC progression. In particular, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is emerging as an important intracellular partner of PDGF with which to control proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in tumor cells. Therefore it was the objective of this work to investigate the multifactorial influence of PDGF on proliferation and metabolism, depending on CRC mutation status. The intention was to identify new therapeutic targets for future cancer therapy through analyses of PDGF-induced intracellular changes. For this purpose two human colorectal cancer cell lines were analyzed at gene and/or protein level for components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathway, c-Myc, p53, and HIF1α (hypoxia-inducible-factor 1α). Changes in proliferation and metabolism, either during stimulation with PDGF and/or PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition, were also investigated. Experiments conducted at protein level during PDGF stimulation and/or PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition revealed changes in signaling pathways and crosstalk. The influence of the tumor suppressors (retinoblastoma, Rb), oncogenes (c-Myc, p53mut), and HIF1α during stimulation with PDGF, and their interactions in the tumor cell with respect to proliferation and glycolysis warrant further examination in terms of clinical treatment options. Investigations at the gene level of ex vivo samples (UICC I-IV) complete the study with regards to the clinical relevance of PDGF. PDGF stimulation increases tumor cell proliferation in HT29 cells via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway rather than the MAPK pathway. However, if the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is pharmacologically blocked, PDGF stimulation is mediated by inhibitory crosstalk through the MAPK pathway. Further analyses revealed that specific Akt inhibition impedes tumor cell growth, while PI3K inhibition had little effect on proliferation. Inhibitory crosstalk was found to be responsible for these different effects. Careful intervention strategies are therefore required if future therapies intend to make use of these specific signaling pathways. One aim of future research should be to gain a better understanding of the crosstalk between these signaling pathways. In this fashion, "over-inhibition" of the signal pathways, which would result in additional clinical side effects for patients, could be prevented. In late stage UICC, more mutation events occur, with tumorigenicity promoted by an increased mutation rate. Given that PDGF is increasingly expressed in the late UICC stages, our data would indicate that PDGF's effects are amplified with increasing malignancy. The activating effect of PDGF on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and subsequent changes in the activity of p53mut, Rb, c-Myc, and HIF1α, lead to an unfavorable prognosis for colon cancer patients. PDGF acts on colon cancer cells in an Akt-activating, glycolysis-dependent manner. PDGF increases glycolysis and the ability of CRC cells to adjust their energy metabolism. These activities should be taken as possible starting points with which to design therapeutic interventions for CRC therapy. PDGF, as another representative of the growth factor family, seems to play a similar role to VEGF in CRC. The data from this study underline the importance of the PDGF - PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-axis and its potential as a possible target in colorectal cancer. Thus PDGF represents an attractive therapeutic target, besides the VEGF/EGFR-based therapies already used in CRC.},
  subject      = {Dickdarmkrebs},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Spenst2017,
  author    = {Spenst, Peter},
  title     = {Xylylene Bridged Perylene Bisimide Cyclophanes and Macrocycles},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-139015},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {This work is concerned with the syntheses and photophysical properties of para-xylylene bridged macrocycles nPBI with ring sizes from two to nine PBI units, as well as the complexation of polycyclic aromatic guest compounds. With a reduced but substantial fluorescence quantum yield of 21\% (in CHCl3) the free host 2PBI(4-tBu)4 can be used as a dual fluorescence probe. Upon encapsulation of rather electron-poor guests the fluorescence quenching interactions between the chromophores are prevented, leading to a significant fluorescence enhancement to > 90\% ("turn-on"). On the other hand, the addition of electron-rich guest molecules induces an electron transfer from the guest to the electron-poor PBI chromophores and thus quenches the fluorescence entirely ("turn-off"). The photophysical properties of the host-guest complexes were studied by transient absorption spectroscopy. These measurements revealed that the charge transfer between guest and 2PBI(4-tBu)4 occurs in the "normal region" of the Marcus-parabola with the fastest charge separation rate for perylene. In contrast, the charge recombination back to the PBI ground state lies far in the "inverted region" of the Marcus-parabola. Beside complexation of planar aromatic hydrocarbons into the cavity of the cyclophanes an encapsulation of fullerene into the cyclic trimer 3PBI(4-tBu)4 was observed. 3PBI(4-tBu)4 provides a tube-like structure in which the PBI subunits represent the walls of those tubes. The cavity has the optimal size for hosting fullerenes, with C70 fitting better than C60 and a binding constant that is higher by a factor of 10. TA spectroscopy in toluene that was performed on the C60@3PBI(4-tBu)4 complex revealed two energy transfer processes. The first one comes from the excited PBI to the fullerene, which subsequently populates the triplet state. From the fullerene triplet state a second energy transfer occurs back to the PBI to generate the PBI triplet state. In all cycles that were studied by TA spectroscopy, symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) was observed in dichloromethane. This process is fastest within the PBI cyclophane 2PBI(4-tBu)4 and slows down for larger cycles, suggesting that the charge separation takes place through space and not through bonds. The charges then recombine to the PBI triplet state via a radical pair intersystem crossing (RP-ISC) mechanism, which could be used to generate singlet oxygen in yields of ~20\%. By changing the solvent to toluene an intramolecular folding of the even-numbered larger cycles was observed that quenches the fluorescence and increases the 0-1 transition band in the absorption spectra. Force field calculations of 4PBI(4-tBu)4 suggested a folding into pairs of dimers, which explains the remarkable odd-even effect with respect to the number of connected PBI chromophores and the resulting alternation in the absorption and fluorescence properties. Thus, the even-numbered macrocycles can fold in a way that all chromophores are in a paired arrangement, while the odd-numbered cycles have open conformations (3PBI(4-tBu)4, 5PBI(4-tBu)4, 7PBI(4-tBu)4) or at least additional unpaired PBI unit (9PBI(4-tBu)4). With these experiments we could for the first time give insights in the interactions between cyclic PBI hosts and aromatic guest molecules. Associated with the encapsulation of guest molecules a variety of possible applications can be envisioned, like fluorescence sensing, chiral recognition and photodynamic therapy by singlet oxygen generation. Particularly, these macrocycles provide photophysical relaxation pathways of PBIs, like charge separation and recombination and triplet state formation that are hardly feasible in monomeric PBI dyes. Furthermore, diverse compound specific features were found, like the odd-even effect in the folding process or the transition of superficial nanostructures of the tetrameric cycle influenced by the AFM tip. The comprehensive properties of these macrocycles provide the basis for further oncoming studies and can serve as an inspiration for the synthesis of new macrocyclic compounds.},
  subject      = {Supramolekulare Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hahlbrock2017,
  author    = {Hahlbrock, Theresa},
  title     = {Das onkologische Supportivprodukt Avemar: Untersuchungen zum antiproliferativen und antimetabolischen Effekt an humanen gastrointestinalen Tumorzellen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-145787},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Unter dem Namen Avemar sind fermentierte Weizenkeimlinge als onkologisches Supportivprodukt erh{\"a}ltlich. Der hohe Anteil an 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzochinonen (DMBQ) in Avemar soll f{\"u}r das \(in\) \(vitro\) und \(in\) \(vivo\) belegte antikanzerogene Potential verantwortlich sein. DMBQ wirken {\"u}ber Semichinonradikale bzw. durch Ausbildung von reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies (ROS) und Induktion von oxidativem Stress zytotoxisch. Da Tumorzellen empfindlicher auf oxidativen Stress reagieren als gesunde Zellen, kann dies die selektive zytotoxische Wirkung von Avemar erkl{\"a}ren. Die Beteiligung von DMBQ am antiproliferativen Effekt von Avemar und die Wirkung von Avemar auf den Stoffwechsel maligner Zellen sind derzeit nicht eindeutig gekl{\"a}rt. Die antiproliferativen Eigenschaften von Avemar und DMBQ als Reinsubstanz wurden miteinander verglichen. Hierzu wurden DMBQ in einer zu Avemar mit 0,04\% Benzochinonen {\"a}quimolaren Konzentration von 24 μmol/L eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit lassen den Schluss zu, dass der starke zytotoxische Effekt von Avemar bei BxPc-3 Zellen auf einen DMBQ-induzierten oxidativen Stress zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren ist. Im Vergleich zur unbehandelten Kontrolle wurde f{\"u}r BxPc-3 Zellen bei der Inkubation mit DMBQ eine 20-fache bzw. mit Avemar eine 40-fache Zunahme des ROS-Indikators 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein gemessen. Im Westernblot ließ sich bei BxPc-3 Zellen das Enzym DT-Diaphorase, welches die Zellen vor Benzochinon-induziertem oxidativem Stress sch{\"u}tzt, nicht nachweisen. In Zellen der anderen beiden Zelllinien konnte das Enzym nachgewiesen werden. Das mangelnde Schutzsystem gegen{\"u}ber DMBQ-induziertem oxidativen Stress k{\"o}nnte demzufolge den DMBQ vermittelten zytotoxischen Effekt von Avemar in BxPc-3 Zellen erkl{\"a}ren. Zus{\"a}tzlich zum zytotoxischen Effekt wies Avemar zwei weitere antiproliferative Effekte auf: Zytostase bei 23132/87 Zellen und Wachstumsverz{\"o}gerung bei HRT-18 Zellen. Beide antiproliferativen Effekte waren auf die Beeinflussung des Zellmetabolismus zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren. Avemar verringerte den zellul{\"a}ren Glukoseverbrauch von HRT-18 Zellen um 69\% und von 23132/87 Zellen um 99\%. In 23132/87 Zellen korrelierte der verringerte Glukoseverbrauch mit einer Abnahme von ATP um 70\% und einem Zellzyklusarrest in der G\(_2\)/M Phase. Der durch die Inkubation von HRT-18 Zellen mit Avemar ausgel{\"o}ste verringerte Glukoseverbrauch beeinflusste hingegen weder den ATP-Gehalt noch den Zellzyklus, induzierte aber Autophagie. Dies ließ sich zeigen durch morphologische Ver{\"a}nderungen wie die Bildung von intrazellul{\"a}ren Vakuolen und durch den Nachweis des Autophagiemarkers LC3-II. Die Wertigkeit dieses Ph{\"a}nomens f{\"u}r die zytotoxischen Eigenschaften von Avemar ist in weiteren Untersuchungen zu kl{\"a}ren. Die antiproliferativen Eigenschaften von Avemar f{\"u}hren zu Ver{\"a}nderungen im Zellmetabolismus von gastrointestinalen Tumorzellen. Ausschlaggebend daf{\"u}r, welcher der drei antiproliferativen Effekte von Avemar (zytotoxisch, zytostatisch oder wachstumsverz{\"o}gernd) dominiert, sind vermutlich zelleigene Schutzsysteme und metabolische Charakteristika der Zellen. Avemar weist ein breites Spektrum antiproliferativer Effekte auf, deren Einfluss auf Zellfunktion und Zellstoffwechsel im Detail noch weiter untersucht werden sollte.},
  subject      = {Oxidativer Stress},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Runge2017,
  author    = {Runge, Armin},
  title     = {Advances in Deflection Routing based Network on Chips},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149700},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The progress which has been made in semiconductor chip production in recent years enables a multitude of cores on a single die. However, due to further decreasing structure sizes, fault tolerance and energy consumption will represent key challenges. Furthermore, an efficient communication infrastructure is indispensable due to the high parallelism at those systems. The predominant communication system at such highly parallel systems is a Network on Chip (NoC). The focus of this thesis is on NoCs which are based on deflection routing. In this context, contributions are made to two domains, fault tolerance and dimensioning of the optimal link width. Both aspects are essential for the application of reliable, energy efficient, and deflection routing based NoCs. It is expected that future semiconductor systems have to cope with high fault probabilities. The inherently given high connectivity of most NoC topologies can be exploited to tolerate the breakdown of links and other components. In this thesis, a fault-tolerant router architecture has been developed, which stands out for the deployed interconnection architecture and the method to overcome complex fault situations. The presented simulation results show, all data packets arrive at their destination, even at high fault probabilities. In contrast to routing table based architectures, the hardware costs of the herein presented architecture are lower and, in particular, independent of the number of components in the network. Besides fault tolerance, hardware costs and energy efficiency are of great importance. The utilized link width has a decisive influence on these aspects. In particular, at deflection routing based NoCs, over- and under-sizing of the link width leads to unnecessary high hardware costs and bad performance, respectively. In the second part of this thesis, the optimal link width at deflection routing based NoCs is investigated. Additionally, a method to reduce the link width is introduced. Simulation and synthesis results show, the herein presented method allows a significant reduction of hardware costs at comparable performance.},
  subject      = {Network-on-Chip},
  language  = {en}
}
@unpublished{ArrowsmithBoehnkeBraunschweigetal.2017,
  author    = {Arrowsmith, Merle and B{\"o}hnke, Julian and Braunschweig, Holger and Celik, Mehmet Ali},
  title     = {Reactivity of a Dihydrodiborene with CO: Coordination, Insertion, Cleavage and Spontaneous Cyclic Alkyne Formation},
  series = {Angewandte Chemie, International Edition},
  journal   = {Angewandte Chemie, International Edition},
  doi       = {10.1002/anie.201707907},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-153318},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Under a CO atmosphere the dihydrodiborene [(cAAC)HB=BH(cAAC)] underwent coordination of CO concomitant with reversible hydrogen migration from boron to the carbene carbon atom, as well as reversible CO insertion into the B=B bond. Heating of the CO-adduct resulted in two unusual cAAC ring-expansion products, one presenting a B=C bond to a six-membered 1,2-azaborinane-3-ylidene, the other an unprecedented nine-membered cyclic alkyne resulting from reductive cleavage of CO and spontaneous C≡C triple bond formation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Lieb2017,
  author    = {Lieb, Julia},
  title     = {Counting Polynomial Matrices over Finite Fields : Matrices with Certain Primeness Properties and Applications to Linear Systems and Coding Theory},
  edition   = {1. Auflage},
  publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  address   = {W{\"u}rzburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-95826-064-1 (print)},
  doi       = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-065-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151303},
  school      = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  pages     = {164},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {This dissertation is dealing with three mathematical areas, namely polynomial matrices over finite fields, linear systems and coding theory. Coprimeness properties of polynomial matrices provide criteria for the reachability and observability of interconnected linear systems. Since time-discrete linear systems over finite fields and convolutional codes are basically the same objects, these results could be transfered to criteria for non-catastrophicity of convolutional codes. We calculate the probability that specially structured polynomial matrices are right prime. In particular, formulas for the number of pairwise coprime polynomials and for the number of mutually left coprime polynomial matrices are calculated. This leads to the probability that a parallel connected linear system is reachable and that a parallel connected convolutional codes is non-catastrophic. Moreover, the corresponding probabilities are calculated for other networks of linear systems and convolutional codes, such as series connection. Furthermore, the probabilities that a convolutional codes is MDP and that a clock code is MDS are approximated. Finally, we consider the probability of finding a solution for a linear network coding problem.},
  subject      = {Lineares System},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hilbert2017,
  author    = {Hilbert, Fabian Michael},
  title     = {Neue Methoden und Modelle f{\"u}r die diffusionsgewichtete Magnetresonanztomographie der Niere},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141149},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Diffusionsgewichtete MR-Bilder sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil f{\"u}r die klinische Diagnostik verschiedener Pathologien, wie z.B. bei Schlaganfall oder Tumoren. Meistens wird ein mono-exponentielles Diffusionsmodell verwendet und {\"u}ber verschiedene Raumrichtungen gemittelt. Der Einfluss von Fluss auf das diffusionsgewichtete Signal und eine m{\"o}gliche Richtungsabh{\"a}ngigkeit werden dabei vernachl{\"a}ssigt. Dabei machen Diffusionsmodelle, die mehr Eigenschaften des Signals abbilden, unter Umst{\"a}nden eine genauere Diagnostik m{\"o}glich. Mit DTI wird die Richtungsabh{\"a}ngigkeit der Diffusion erfasst und bei IVIM wird der Beitrag von Fluss zum Signal ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Die Niere ist ein stark strukturiertes Organ und weist Anisotropie in der Diffusion auf. Außerdem ist die Niere ein sehr gut durchblutetes Organ. DTI und IVIM beschreiben also unabh{\"a}ngig voneinander zwei wichtige Aspekte des diffusionsgewichteten Signals in der Niere, ohne dass der Vorteil des jeweils anderen Modells Beachtung findet. In dieser Arbeit wurde das Modell IVOF zur umfassenden Beschreibung von Diffusionssignal vorgestellt, bei dem sowohl die Richtungsabh{\"a}ngigkeit der Diffusion, als auch das Signal der fließenden Spins und deren Richtungsabh{\"a}ngigkeit abgebildet wird. Die Vorteile von DTI und IVIM werden also in IVOF vereint und dar{\"u}ber hinaus auch die m{\"o}gliche Anisotropie die Flusssignals ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass dieses Modell das diffusionsgewichtete Signal in der menschlichen Niere besser beschreibt als die herk{\"o}mmlichen Modelle (DTI und IVIM) und auch besser als eine Kombination von DTI und IVIM, bei der ein isotroper Flussanteil des Signals angenommen wird. Es wurde weiterhin gezeigt, dass selbst wenn der Flussanteil im verwendeten Diffusionsmodell ber{\"u}cksichtigt wird, der tats{\"a}chlich gemessene Flussanteil in der Niere von der Art der Messung, d.h. Bewegungsempfindlichkeit des Gradientenschemas abh{\"a}ngt. Das bedeutet, dass der mikroskopische Fluss in der Niere nicht, wie h{\"a}ufig angenommen, komplett zeitlich inkoh{\"a}rent ist. Bei Vergleichen von IVIM Studien an der Niere ist es deshalb notwendig, die Bewegungsempfindlichkeit der jeweiligen Gradientenschemata zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen. Wie groß das absolute Verh{\"a}ltnis von koh{\"a}rent zu inkoh{\"a}rent fließendem Signal ist, konnte nicht festgestellt werden. Ebenso wenig konnte die absolute Flussgeschwindigkeit bzw. die Art des Flusses (Laminare Str{\"o}mung, Pfropfenstr{\"o}mung, oder andere) ermittelt werden. TSE hat sich als vielversprechendes, artefaktfreies Verfahren f{\"u}r die Aufnahme diffusionsgewichteter Bilder der Niere gezeigt. Im Vergleich mit dem Standardverfahren EPI wurden {\"a}hnliche Werte der Parameter von DTI und IVIM gefunden. Abweichungen zwischen EPI und TSE sind vor allem durch die Unsch{\"a}rfe der TSE Bilder aufgrund von T2-Zerfall zu erkl{\"a}ren. Bis zur klinischen Anwendbarkeit diffusionsgewichteter TSE Bilder bzw. Parameterkarten sind noch einige Weiterentwicklungen der Methode n{\"o}tig. Vor allem sind sch{\"a}rfere TSE Bilder erstrebenswert und es sollten mehrere Schichten in einer klinisch vertretbaren Zeitspanne aufgenommen werden, ohne dass dabei die zul{\"a}ssigen SAR Grenzwerte {\"u}berschritten werden. Bei allen Untersuchungen in dieser Arbeit handelt es sich um Machbarkeitsstudien. Daher wurden alle Messungen nur an erwachsenen, gesunden Probanden durchgef{\"u}hrt, um zu zeigen, dass das jeweilige vorgeschlagene Modell zu den Daten passt bzw. dass die vorgeschlagene Methode prinzipiell funktioniert. Bei welchen Pathologien die hier vorgeschlagenen Methoden und Modelle einen diagnostischen Nutzen haben, muss in zuk{\"u}nftigen Studien erforscht werden. Außerdem wurden keine b- Werte zwischen 0 und 200 s/mm2 aufgenommen, bei denen fließende Spins noch signifikant zum Signal beitragen. Betrachtet man die Ergebnisse der Diffusionsbildgebung mit verschiedenen m1 in dieser Arbeit, dann ist neben dem b-Wert auch die Bewegungsempfindlichkeit m1 n{\"o}tig, um das Signal in diesem Bereich korrekt zu beschreiben. Alles in allem sollte der Beitrag von Fluss zum diffusionsgewichteten MR-Signal in der Niere immer ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden. Die vielf{\"a}ltigen Einfl{\"u}sse, die unterschiedliche Parameter auf das Signal von Mikrofluss haben, wurden in dieser Arbeit untersucht und pr{\"a}sentieren weiterhin ein spannendes Feld f{\"u}r kommende Studien. Diffusionsgewichtete TSE Sequenzen sind auch f{\"u}r die klinische Diagnostik eine potentielle Alternative zu Artefakt-anf{\"a}lligen EPI Sequenzen. Bis dahin sollten jedoch die Bildsch{\"a}rfe und Abdeckung der diffusionsgewichteten TSE Sequenz weiter verbessert werden.},
  subject      = {Diffusionsgewichtete Magnetresonanztomografie},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Sprengel2017,
  author    = {Sprengel, Martin},
  title     = {A Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of a Kohn-Sham Equation and Related Control Problems},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-153545},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {In this work, multi-particle quantum optimal control problems are studied in the framework of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Quantum control problems are of great importance in both fundamental research and application of atomic and molecular systems. Typical applications are laser induced chemical reactions, nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, and quantum computing. Theoretically, the problem of how to describe a non-relativistic system of multiple particles is solved by the Schr{\"o}dinger equation (SE). However, due to the exponential increase in numerical complexity with the number of particles, it is impossible to directly solve the Schr{\"o}dinger equation for large systems of interest. An efficient and successful approach to overcome this difficulty is the framework of TDDFT and the use of the time-dependent Kohn-Sham (TDKS) equations therein. This is done by replacing the multi-particle SE with a set of nonlinear single-particle Schr{\"o}dinger equations that are coupled through an additional potential. Despite the fact that TDDFT is widely used for physical and quantum chemical calculation and software packages for its use are readily available, its mathematical foundation is still under active development and even fundamental issues remain unproven today. The main purpose of this thesis is to provide a consistent and rigorous setting for the TDKS equations and of the related optimal control problems. In the first part of the thesis, the framework of density functional theory (DFT) and TDDFT are introduced. This includes a detailed presentation of the different functional sets forming DFT. Furthermore, the known equivalence of the TDKS system to the original SE problem is further discussed. To implement the TDDFT framework for multi-particle computations, the TDKS equations provide one of the most successful approaches nowadays. However, only few mathematical results concerning these equations are available and these results do not cover all issues that arise in the formulation of optimal control problems governed by the TDKS model. It is the purpose of the second part of this thesis to address these issues such as higher regularity of TDKS solutions and the case of weaker requirements on external (control) potentials that are instrumental for the formulation of well-posed TDKS control problems. For this purpose, in this work, existence and uniqueness of TDKS solutions are investigated in the Galerkin framework and using energy estimates for the nonlinear TDKS equations. In the third part of this thesis, optimal control problems governed by the TDKS model are formulated and investigated. For this purpose, relevant cost functionals that model the purpose of the control are discussed. Henceforth, TDKS control problems result from the requirement of optimising the given cost functionals subject to the differential constraint given by the TDKS equations. The analysis of these problems is novel and represents one of the main contributions of the present thesis. In particular, existence of minimizers is proved and their characterization by TDKS optimality systems is discussed in detail. To this end, Fr{\´e}chet differentiability of the TDKS model and of the cost functionals is addressed considering \(H^1\) cost of the control. This part is concluded by deriving the reduced gradient in the \(L^2\) and \(H^1\) inner product. While the \(L^2\) optimization is widespread in the literature, the choice of the \(H^1\) gradient is motivated in this work by theoretical consideration and by resulting numerical advantages. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the numerical approximation of the TDKS optimality systems and to their solution by gradient-based optimization techniques. For the former purpose, Strang time-splitting pseudo-spectral schemes are discussed including a review of some recent theoretical estimates for these schemes and a numerical validation of these estimates. For the latter purpose, nonlinear (projected) conjugate gradient methods are implemented and are used to validate the theoretical analysis of this thesis with results of numerical experiments with different cost functional settings.},
  subject      = {Optimale Kontrolle},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Will2017,
  author    = {Will, Sebastian},
  title     = {Rotierende vs. oszillierende retrograde Kanalaufbereitung bei Wurzelspitzenresektionen : eine intern vergleichende methodische Langzeitstudie 1997 - 2010},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-152710},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {In einem internen Studie wurde der Langzeiterfolg der Methode der oszillierenden retrograden Wurzelkanalaufbereitung mithilfe von Schall- oder Ultraschalltechnologie mit der rotierenden Methode mit Mikrorosenbohrern verglichen. Die Erfolgsauswertung erfolgte retrospektiv nach klinischen und radiologischen Kriterien. Untersucht wurden insgesamt 378 Pr{\"a}molaren, 185 f{\"u}r die oszillierende und 193 f{\"u}r die rotierende Methode, die vom selben Behandler unter einheitlichen technischen und anatomischen Bedingungen sowie unter einheitlichen Operations- und Qualit{\"a}tsstandards operiert wurden. Die Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit der oszillierenden Kanalaufbereitung betrug nach einem Jahr 91,2\%, nach zwei Jahren 89,4\%, nach drei Jahren 86,3\%, nach f{\"u}nf Jahren 79,1\% sowie nach acht Jahre 76,5\%. Die Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit der oszillierenden Kanalaufbereitung betrug nach einem Jahr 88,3\%, nach zwei Jahren 85,4\%, nach drei Jahren 80,6\%, nach f{\"u}nf Jahren 64,9\% sowie nach acht Jahre 53,9\%. Die Methode der oszillierenden Kanalaufbereitung zeigte zu jeden Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung eine h{\"o}here Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit als die Methode der rotierende Kanalaufbereitung.},
  subject      = {Wurzelspitzenresektion},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{GarciaGuerrero2017,
  author    = {Garcia Guerrero, Estefania},
  title     = {Strategies to Obtain Tumor-Reactive Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy by Cell Sorting and Genetic Modifications of T Lymphocytes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150547},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Recent advances in the field of cancer immunotherapy have enabled this therapeutic approach to enter the mainstream of modern cancer treatment. In particular, adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) is a potentially powerful immunotherapy approach that relies on the administration of tumor-specific T cells into the patient. There are several strategies to obtain tumor-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which have already been shown to induce remarkable responses in the clinical setting. However, there are concerns and limitations regarding the conventional approaches to obtain tumor-reactive T cells, such as accuracy of the procedure and reproducibility. Therefore, we aimed to develop two approaches to improve the precision and efficacy of tumor-reactive T cells therapy. These two techniques could constitute effective, safe and broadly applicable alternatives to the conventional methods for obtaining tumor-specific CTLs. The first approach of this study is the so called "Doublet Technology". Here, we demonstrate that peptide-human leukocyte antigen-T cell receptor (pHLA-TCR) interactions that involve immune reactive peptides are stable and strong. Therefore, the CTLs that are bound by their TCR to tumor cells can be selected and isolated through FACS-based cell sorting taking advantage of this stable interaction between the CTLs and the target cells. The CTLs from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients obtained with this technique show cytolytic activity against blast cells suggesting a potential clinical use of these CTLs. "Doublet Technology" offers a personalized therapy in which there is no need for a priori knowledge of the exact tumor antigen. The second approach of this study is the Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) Technology. We design several CARs targeting the B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA). BCMA CAR T cells show antigen-specific cytolytic activity, production of cytokines including IFN-γ and IL-2, as well as productive proliferation. Although we confirm the presence of soluble BCMA in serum of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, we demonstrate that the presence of soluble protein does not abrogate the efficacy of BCMA CAR T cells suggesting that BCMA CAR T cells can be used in the clinical setting to treat MM patients. The high antigen specificity of CAR T cells allows efficient tumor cell eradication and makes CAR Technology attractive for broadly applicable therapies.},
  subject      = {Immunotherapy},
  language  = {en}
}