@article{NyssenVanNieulandVandenbergheetal.2016,
  author    = {Nyssen, Jan and Van Nieuland, Jasper and Vandenberghe, Dimitri and Juilleret, J{\´e}r{\^o}me and Terhorst, Birgit},
  title     = {Gr{\`e}zes lit{\´e}es and their genesis: the site of Enscherange in the Rhenish-Ardennes Massif as a case study},
  series = {Die Erde : Journal of the Geographical Society of Berlin},
  volume    = {147},
  journal   = {Die Erde : Journal of the Geographical Society of Berlin},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.12854/erde-147-1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165032},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {The freeze-thaw cycles in periglacial areas during the Quaternary glacials increased frost weathering, leading to a disintegration of rock formations. Transported downslope, clasts allowed in some areas the formation of stratified slope deposits known as "gr{\`e}zes lit{\´e}es". This study reviews the existing theories and investigates the gr{\`e}zes lit{\´e}es deposits of Enscherange and Rodershausen in Luxembourg. This process was reinforced by the lithostructural control of the parent material expressed by the dip of schistosity (66°) and its orientation parallel to the main slopes in the area. This gave opportunities to activate the frost-weathering process on top of the ridge where the parent material outcropped. As the stratified slope deposits have a dip of 23° and as there is no significant lateral variation in rock fragment size, slope processes that involve only gravity are excluded and transportation in solifluction lobes with significant slopewash and sorting processes is hypothesized. The Enscherange formation, the biggest known outcrop of gr{\`e}zes lit{\´e}es in north-western Europe, shows evidence of clear layering over the whole profile depth. A palaeolandscape reconstruction shows that ridges must have been tens of metres higher than presently. The investigation of the matrix composition shows Laacher See tephra in the overlying periglacial cover bed with infiltrations of the minerals in the reworked upper layer of the gr{\`e}zes lit{\´e}es deposit. Chronostratigraphic approaches using the underlying cryoturbation zone and Laacher See heavy minerals in the overlying topsoil place the formation of gr{\`e}zes lit{\´e}es deposits in the Late Pleistocene.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FleuchausBlumWildeetal.2021,
  author    = {Fleuchaus, Paul and Blum, Philipp and Wilde, Martina and Terhorst, Birgit and Butscher, Christoph},
  title     = {Retrospective evaluation of landslide susceptibility maps and review of validation practice},
  series = {Environmental Earth Sciences},
  volume    = {80},
  journal   = {Environmental Earth Sciences},
  issn      = {1866-6280},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12665-021-09770-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-308911},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Despite the widespread application of landslide susceptibility analyses, there is hardly any information about whether or not the occurrence of recent landslide events was correctly predicted by the relevant susceptibility maps. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate four landslide susceptibility maps retrospectively in a landslide-prone area of the Swabian Alb (Germany). The predictive performance of each susceptibility map is evaluated based on a landslide event triggered by heavy rainfalls in the year 2013. The retrospective evaluation revealed significant variations in the predictive accuracy of the analyzed studies. Both completely erroneous as well as very precise predictions were observed. These differences are less attributed to the applied statistical method and more to the quality and comprehensiveness of the used input data. Furthermore, a literature review of 50 peer-reviewed articles showed that most landslide susceptibility analyses achieve very high validation scores. 73\% of the analyzed studies achieved an area under curve (AUC) value of at least 80\%. These high validation scores, however, do not reflect the high uncertainty in statistical susceptibility analysis. Thus, the quality assessment of landslide susceptibility maps should not only comprise an index-based, quantitative validation, but also an additional qualitative plausibility check considering local geomorphological characteristics and local landslide mechanisms. Finally, the proposed retrospective evaluation approach cannot only help to assess the quality of susceptibility maps and demonstrate the reliability of such statistical methods, but also identify issues that will enable the susceptibility maps to be improved in the future.},
  language  = {en}
}