@phdthesis{Platte2012, author = {Platte, Daniela}, title = {Grenzfl{\"a}chenselektive Verkapselung von anorganischen Latentw{\"a}rmespeichermaterialien mit Hybridpolymeren}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-74960}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein prinzipieller Zugang zur Mikroverkapselung anorganischer Latentw{\"a}rmespeichermaterialien (LWS) erarbeitet. Dazu wurden zwei basische, kristallwasserreiche Salzhydrate mit Schmelztemperaturen im Umgebungstemperaturbereich als Kernmaterialien und anorganisch-organische Hybridpolymere mit kovalent verbundenen anorganischen und organischen Struktureinheiten (ORMOCER®e) als Verkapselungsmaterial verwendet. Der Prozess verl{\"a}uft grenzfl{\"a}chenselektiv in der fl{\"u}ssigen Phase, initiiert durch die basischen LWS, in Form einer auch bei milden Temperaturen ablaufenden Michael-Typ-Addition zwischen Acrylat- (Acr) und Thiolmonomeren (SH). Optimierte Verkapselungsergebnisse wurden mit Hybridmonomeren erreicht, deren funktionelle Gruppen in einem unst{\"o}chiometrischen Verh{\"a}ltnis von Acr:SH ≈ 5:1 vorlagen und {\"u}ber das anorganische R{\"u}ckgrat vorverkn{\"u}pft waren. Bei Verwendung eines Mikrodosiersystems wurden gleichm{\"a}ßige, geschlossene Mikrokapseln mit Durchmessern von etwa 40-50 µm bei Schichtdicken von < 5 µm erhalten. Aufgrund einer zu geringen inh{\"a}renten Barrierewirkung der verwendeten Hybridpolymere gegen{\"u}ber Wasserdampf konnten jedoch erhebliche Kristallwasserverluste nicht verhindert werden, sodass die erhaltenen Mikrokapseln noch nicht zur Anwendung als LWS geeignet sind. Da die beobachtete Tolerierung und sogar Bevorzugung f{\"u}r das deutliche Missverh{\"a}ltnis zwischen den polymerisierenden Gruppen f{\"u}r eine Stufenpolymerisation sehr ungew{\"o}hnlich ist, wurden an Modellsystemen Untersuchungen zur Aufkl{\"a}rung des Reaktionsmechanismus vorgenommen. Dazu wurde zun{\"a}chst ein Mercaptosiloxan (MS) hergestellt, dessen Ringgr{\"o}ßen- bzw. Funktionalit{\"a}tsverteilung mittels 29Si-NMR- und GPC-Messungen sehr gut aufgekl{\"a}rt werden konnte. Dieses wurde f{\"u}r Verkapselungsversuche mit Trimethylolpropantriacrylat (TMPTA) kombiniert und das Verh{\"a}ltnis funktioneller Gruppen Acr:SH systematisch variiert. An den erhaltenen Proben konnte via µ-Raman-Tiefenscan-Untersuchungen der Einfluss der Harzzusammensetzung auf die Kapselschichten aufgekl{\"a}rt werden. W{\"a}hrend bei Acr:SH = 1:1 maximale Schichtdicken erhalten wurden, ergaben sich bei Acrylat{\"u}berschuss von 4:1 bis 6:1 optimierte Schichten im Sinne der Vorgaben, die gleichm{\"a}ßig d{\"u}nn und vollst{\"a}ndig waren. Bei Thiol{\"u}berschuss wurden dagegen keine vollst{\"a}ndig ausgebildeten Schichten erhalten. Das f{\"u}r die LWS-Verkapselungen verwendete Modellsystem TMPTA/MS wurde zus{\"a}tzlich in Volumenpolymerisationen in homogener organischer Phase untersucht, die mit der Base Triethylamin initiiert wurden. Dabei wurden die st{\"o}chiometriebezogenen Vergelungsgrenzen bestimmt. Die detektierte Grenze bei Acr:SH < 5:1 f{\"u}r Acrylat{\"u}berschuss lag signifikant unterhalb von Verh{\"a}ltnissen funktioneller Gruppen, f{\"u}r die in Verkapselungsversuchen noch geschlossene Schichten erhalten wurden. Entlang der fl{\"u}ssig-fl{\"u}ssig-Grenzfl{\"a}che wird somit der Gelpunkt lokal innerhalb eines breiteren Bereichs des Verh{\"a}ltnisses funktioneller Gruppen in der Harzmischung erreicht, als bei einer Polymerisation im gesamten Volumen. Durch weitergehende Untersuchungen zum Vernetzungsverhalten in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit vom Verh{\"a}ltnis funktioneller Gruppen weiterer Acrylat- und Thiolmonomere mit anderen (durchschnittlichen) Funktionalit{\"a}ten konnte das grunds{\"a}tzliche Vorliegen eines Stufenmechanismus untermauert werden. Aus einer Kombination der Flory-Stockmayer-Theorie mit der Carothers'schen Gleichung konnten theoretische Vergelungsgrenzintervalle hergeleitet werden. Die experimentell bestimmten Vergelungsgrenzen standen in vollst{\"a}ndiger {\"U}bereinstimmung mit den theoretisch errechneten Intervallen. Innerhalb des Modellsystems TMPTA/MS konnten zudem weitere Materialeigenschaften bestimmt und zus{\"a}tzliche Erkenntnisse zum Vernetzungsverhalten gewonnen werden. Durch In-situ-Messungen mittels µ-Raman-Spektroskopie wurde die Entwicklung der Umsetzungsgrade N(C=C) und N(S-H) von Acrylat und Thiol im Verlauf der Reaktionszeit untersucht. Dabei wurden einige Einschr{\"a}nkungen der verwendeten Messmethode identifiziert und beschrieben. Mittels in-situ-mechanischer Spektroskopie nach Chambon und Winter konnte weiterhin das Vergelungsverhalten des Systems in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von Monomerzusammensetzung, Initiatorkonzentration und Temperatur und Unterschiede innerhalb der kritischen Gele systematisch charakterisiert werden. Die stabilsten kritischen Gele und k{\"u}rzesten Gelzeiten wurden f{\"u}r hohe Basenkonzentrationen und bei st{\"o}chiometrischem Monomerverh{\"a}ltnis, aber auch f{\"u}r Acrylat{\"u}berschuss bis Acr:SH = 3:1, erhalten. Damit konnte auch innerhalb der Volumenpolymerisationen eine Bevorzugung des untersuchten Monomersystems f{\"u}r Acrylat{\"u}berschuss nachgewiesen werden. Weiterhin wurde das Geschwindigkeitsgesetz der Reaktion aufgekl{\"a}rt. Es ergab sich bis zum Gelpunkt, zu je erster Ordnung in den beiden Monomeren und der Initiatorbase. Außerdem wurde die Aktivierungsenthalpie der Polymerisation in homogener Phase mittels einer Arrhenius-Auftragung bestimmt.}, subject = {Stufenwachstums-Polymerisation}, language = {de} } @article{AntoniouKuchenbaeckerSoucyetal.2012, author = {Antoniou, Antonis C. and Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B. and Soucy, Penny and Beesley, Jonathan and Chen, Xiaoqing and McGuffog, Lesley and Lee, Andrew and Barrowdale, Daniel and Healey, Sue and Sinilnikova, Olga M. and Caligo, Maria A. and Loman, Niklas and Harbst, Katja and Lindblom, Annika and Arver, Brita and Rosenquist, Richard and Karlsson, Per and Nathanson, Kate and Domchek, Susan and Rebbeck, Tim and Jakubowska, Anna and Lubinski, Jan and Jaworska, Katarzyna and Durda, Katarzyna and Zlowowcka-Perłowska, Elżbieta and Osorio, Ana and Dur{\´a}n, Mercedes and Andr{\´e}s, Raquel and Ben{\´i}tez, Javier and Hamann, Ute and Hogervorst, Frans B. and van Os, Theo A. and Verhoef, Senno and Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne E. J. and Wijnen, Juul and Garcia, Encarna B. G{\´o}mez and Ligtenberg, Marjolijn J. and Kriege, Mieke and Coll{\´e}e, Margriet and Ausems, Margreet G. E. M. and Oosterwijk, Jan C. and Peock, Susan and Frost, Debra and Ellis, Steve D. and Platte, Radka and Fineberg, Elena and Evans, D. Gareth and Lalloo, Fiona and Jacobs, Chris and Eeles, Ros and Adlard, Julian and Davidson, Rosemarie and Cole, Trevor and Cook, Jackie and Paterson, Joan and Douglas, Fiona and Brewer, Carole and Hodgson, Shirley and Morrison, Patrick J. and Walker, Lisa and Rogers, Mark T. and Donaldson, Alan and Dorkins, Huw and Godwin, Andrew K. and Bove, Betsy and Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique and Houdayer, Claude and Buecher, Bruno and de Pauw, Antoine and Mazoyer, Sylvie and Calender, Alain and L{\´e}on{\´e}, M{\´e}lanie and Bressac-de Paillerets, Brigitte and Caron, Olivier and Sobol, Hagay and Frenay, Marc and Prieur, Fabienne and Ferrer, Sandra Fert and Mortemousque, Isabelle and Buys, Saundra and Daly, Mary and Miron, Alexander and Terry, Mary Beth and Hopper, John L. and John, Esther M. and Southey, Melissa and Goldgar, David and Singer, Christian F. and Fink-Retter, Anneliese and Muy-Kheng, Tea and Geschwantler Kaulich, Daphne and Hansen, Thomas V. O. and Nielsen, Finn C. and Barkardottir, Rosa B. and Gaudet, Mia and Kirchhoff, Tomas and Joseph, Vijai and Dutra-Clarke, Ana and Offit, Kenneth and Piedmonte, Marion and Kirk, Judy and Cohn, David and Hurteau, Jean and Byron, John and Fiorica, James and Toland, Amanda E. and Montagna, Marco and Oliani, Cristina and Imyanitov, Evgeny and Isaacs, Claudine and Tihomirova, Laima and Blanco, Ignacio and Lazaro, Conxi and Teul{\´e}, Alex and Del Valle, J. and Gayther, Simon A. and Odunsi, Kunle and Gross, Jenny and Karlan, Beth Y. and Olah, Edith and Teo, Soo-Hwang and Ganz, Patricia A. and Beattie, Mary S. and Dorfling, Cecelia M. and Jansen van Rensburg, Elizabeth and Diez, Orland and Kwong, Ava and Schmutzler, Rita K. and Wappenschmidt, Barbara and Engel, Christoph and Meindl, Alfons and Ditsch, Nina and Arnold, Norbert and Heidemann, Simone and Niederacher, Dieter and Preisler-Adams, Sabine and Gadzicki, Dorothea and Varon-Mateeva, Raymonda and Deissler, Helmut and Gehrig, Andrea and Sutter, Christian and Kast, Karin and Fiebig, Britta and Sch{\"a}fer, Dieter and Caldes, Trinidad and de la Hoya, Miguel and Nevanlinna, Heli and Muranen, Taru A. and Lesp{\´e}rance, Bernard and Spurdle, Amanda B. and Neuhausen, Susan L. and Ding, Yuan C. and Wang, Xianshu and Fredericksen, Zachary and Pankratz, Vernon S. and Lindor, Noralane M. and Peterlongo, Paulo and Manoukian, Siranoush and Peissel, Bernard and Zaffaroni, Daniela and Bonanni, Bernardo and Bernard, Loris and Dolcetti, Riccardo and Papi, Laura and Ottini, Laura and Radice, Paolo and Greene, Mark H. and Loud, Jennifer T. and Andrulis, Irene L. and Ozcelik, Hilmi and Mulligan, Anna Marie and Glendon, Gord and Thomassen, Mads and Gerdes, Anne-Marie and Jensen, Uffe B. and Skytte, Anne-Bine and Kruse, Torben A. and Chenevix-Trench, Georgia and Couch, Fergus J. and Simard, Jacques and Easton, Douglas F.}, title = {Common variants at 12p11, 12q24, 9p21, 9q31.2 and in ZNF365 are associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation carriers}, series = {Breast Cancer Research}, volume = {14}, journal = {Breast Cancer Research}, number = {R33}, organization = {CIMBA; SWE-BRCA; HEBON; EMBRACE; GEMO Study Collaborators; kConFab Investigators}, doi = {10.1186/bcr3121}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130449}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Introduction: Several common alleles have been shown to be associated with breast and/or ovarian cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Recent genome-wide association studies of breast cancer have identified eight additional breast cancer susceptibility loci: rs1011970 (9p21, CDKN2A/B), rs10995190 (ZNF365), rs704010 (ZMIZ1), rs2380205 (10p15), rs614367 (11q13), rs1292011 (12q24), rs10771399 (12p11 near PTHLH) and rs865686 (9q31.2). Methods: To evaluate whether these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers, we genotyped these SNPs in 12,599 BRCA1 and 7,132 BRCA2 mutation carriers and analysed the associations with breast cancer risk within a retrospective likelihood framework. Results: Only SNP rs10771399 near PTHLH was associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers (per-allele hazard ratio (HR) = 0.87, 95\% CI: 0.81 to 0.94, P-trend = 3 x 10\(^{-4}\)). The association was restricted to mutations proven or predicted to lead to absence of protein expression (HR = 0.82, 95\% CI: 0.74 to 0.90, P-trend = 3.1 x 10\(^{-5}\), P-difference = 0.03). Four SNPs were associated with the risk of breast cancer for BRCA2 mutation carriers: rs10995190, P-trend = 0.015; rs1011970, P-trend = 0.048; rs865686, 2df P = 0.007; rs1292011 2df P = 0.03. rs10771399 (PTHLH) was predominantly associated with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer for BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR = 0.81, 95\% CI: 0.74 to 0.90, P-trend = 4 x 10\(^{-5}\)) and there was marginal evidence of association with ER- negative breast cancer for BRCA2 mutation carriers (HR = 0.78, 95\% CI: 0.62 to 1.00, P-trend = 0.049). Conclusions: The present findings, in combination with previously identified modifiers of risk, will ultimately lead to more accurate risk prediction and an improved understanding of the disease etiology in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.}, language = {en} } @article{OsorioMilneKuchenbaeckeretal.2014, author = {Osorio, Ana and Milne, Roger L. and Kuchenbaecker, Karoline and Vaclov{\´a}, Tereza and Pita, Guillermo and Alonso, Rosario and Peterlongo, Paolo and Blanco, Ignacio and de la Hoya, Miguel and Duran, Mercedes and Diez, Orland and Ram{\´o}n y Cajal, Teresa and Konstantopoulou, Irene and Mart{\´i}nez-Bouzas, Christina and Conejero, Raquel Andr{\´e}s and Soucy, Penny and McGuffog, Lesley and Barrowdale, Daniel and Lee, Andrew and Arver, Brita and Rantala, Johanna and Loman, Niklas and Ehrencrona, Hans and Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. and Beattie, Mary S. and Domchek, Susan M. and Nathanson, Katherine and Rebbeck, Timothy R. and Arun, Banu K. and Karlan, Beth Y. and Walsh, Christine and Lester, Jenny and John, Esther M. and Whittemore, Alice S. and Daly, Mary B. and Southey, Melissa and Hopper, John and Terry, Mary B. and Buys, Saundra S. and Janavicius, Ramunas and Dorfling, Cecilia M. and van Rensburg, Elizabeth J. and Steele, Linda and Neuhausen, Susan L. and Ding, Yuan Chun and Hansen, Thomas V. O. and J{\o}nson, Lars and Ejlertsen, Bent and Gerdes, Anne-Marie and Infante, Mar and Herr{\´a}ez, Bel{\´e}n and Moreno, Leticia Thais and Weitzel, Jeffrey N. and Herzog, Josef and Weeman, Kisa and Manoukian, Siranoush and Peissel, Bernard and Zaffaroni, Daniela and Scuvera, Guilietta and Bonanni, Bernardo and Mariette, Frederique and Volorio, Sara and Viel, Alessandra and Varesco, Liliana and Papi, Laura and Ottini, Laura and Tibiletti, Maria Grazia and Radice, Paolo and Yannoukakos, Drakoulis and Garber, Judy and Ellis, Steve and Frost, Debra and Platte, Radka and Fineberg, Elena and Evans, Gareth and Lalloo, Fiona and Izatt, Louise and Eeles, Ros and Adlard, Julian and Davidson, Rosemarie and Cole, Trevor and Eccles, Diana and Cook, Jackie and Hodgson, Shirley and Brewer, Carole and Tischkowitz, Marc and Douglas, Fiona and Porteous, Mary and Side, Lucy and Walker, Lisa and Morrison, Patrick and Donaldson, Alan and Kennedy, John and Foo, Claire and Godwin, Andrew K. and Schmutzler, Rita Katharina and Wappenschmidt, Barbara and Rhiem, Kerstin and Engel, Christoph and Meindl, Alftons and Ditsch, Nina and Arnold, Norbert and Plendl, Hans J{\"o}rg and Niederacher, Dieter and Sutter, Christian and Wang-Gohrke, Shan and Steinemann, Doris and Preisler-Adams, Sabine and Kast, Karin and Varon-Mateeva, Raymonda and Gehrig, Andrea and Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique and Sinilnikova, Olga M. and Mazoyer, Sylvie and Damiola, Francesca and Poppe, Bruce and Claes, Kathleen and Piedmonte, Marion and Tucker, Kathy and Backes, Floor and Rodr{\´i}guez, Gustavo and Brewster, Wendy and Wakeley, Katie and Rutherford, Thomas and Cald{\´e}s, Trinidad and Nevanlinna, Heli and Aittom{\"a}ki, Kristiina and Rookus, Matti A. and van Os, Theo A. M. and van der Kolk, Lizet and de Lange, J. L. and Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne E. J. and van der Hout, A. H. and van Asperen, Christi J. and Gom{\´e}z Garcia, Encarna B. and Encarna, B. and Hoogerbrugge, Nicoline and Coll{\´e}e, J. Margriet and van Deurzen, Carolien H. M. and van der Luijt, Rob B. and Devilee, Peter and Olah, Edith and L{\´a}zaro, Conxi and Teul{\´e}, Alex and Men{\´e}ndez, Mireia and Jakubowska, Anna and Cybulski, Cezary and Gronwald, Jecek and Lubinski, Jan and Durda, Katarzyna and Jaworska-Bieniek, Katarzyna and Johannsson, Oskar Th. and Maugard, Christine and Montagna, Marco and Tognazzo, Silvia and Teixeira, Manuel R. and Healey, Sue and Olswold, Curtis and Guidugli, Lucia and Lindor, Noralane and Slager, Susan and Szabo, Csilla I. and Vijai, Joseph and Robson, Mark and Kauff, Noah and Zhang, Liying and Rau-Murthy, Rohini and Fink-Retter, Anneliese and Singer, Christine F. and Rappaport, Christine and Kaulich, Daphne Geschwantler and Pfeiler, Georg and Tea, Muy-Kheng and Berger, Andreas and Phelan, Catherine M. and Greene, Mark H. and Mai, Phuong L. and Lejbkowicz, Flavio and Andrulis, Irene and Mulligan, Anna Marie and Glendon, Gord and Toland, Amanda Ewart and Bojesen, Anders and Pedersen, Inge Sokilde and Sunde, Lone and Thomassen, Mads and Kruse, Torben A. and Jensen, Uffe Birk and Friedman, Eitan and Laitman, Yeal and Shimon, Shanie Paluch and Simard, Jaques and Easton, Douglas F. and Offit, Kenneth and Couch, Fergus J. and Chenevix-Trench, Georgia and Antoniou, Antonis C. and Benitez, Javier}, title = {DNA Glycosylases Involved in Base Excision Repair May Be Associated with Cancer Risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers}, series = {PLOS Genetics}, volume = {4}, journal = {PLOS Genetics}, number = {e1004256}, issn = {1553-7404}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1004256}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-116820}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the DNA Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway could be associated with cancer risk in carriers of mutations in the high-penetrance susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, given the relation of synthetic lethality that exists between one of the components of the BER pathway, PARP1 (poly ADP ribose polymerase), and both BRCA1 and BRCA2. In the present study, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of 18 genes involved in BER using a tagging SNP approach in a large series of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. 144 SNPs were analyzed in a two stage study involving 23,463 carriers from the CIMBA consortium (the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2). Eleven SNPs showed evidence of association with breast and/or ovarian cancer at p<0.05 in the combined analysis. Four of the five genes for which strongest evidence of association was observed were DNA glycosylases. The strongest evidence was for rs1466785 in the NEIL2 (endonuclease VIII-like 2) gene (HR: 1.09, 95\% CI (1.03-1.16), p = 2.7x10(-3)) for association with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers, and rs2304277 in the OGG1 (8-guanine DNA glycosylase) gene, with ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR: 1.12 95\% CI: 1.03-1.21, p = 4.8x10(-3)). DNA glycosylases involved in the first steps of the BER pathway may be associated with cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and should be more comprehensively studied.}, language = {en} } @article{BleinBardelDanjeanetal.2015, author = {Blein, Sophie and Bardel, Claire and Danjean, Vincent and McGuffog, Lesley and Healay, Sue and Barrowdale, Daniel and Lee, Andrew and Dennis, Joe and Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B. and Soucy, Penny and Terry, Mary Beth and Chung, Wendy K. and Goldgar, David E. and Buys, Saundra S. and Janavicius, Ramunas and Tihomirova, Laima and Tung, Nadine and Dorfling, Cecilia M. and van Rensburg, Elizabeth J. and Neuhausen, Susan L. and Ding, Yuan Chun and Gerdes, Anne-Marie and Ejlertsen, Bent and Nielsen, Finn C. and Hansen, Thomas V. O. and Osorio, Ana and Benitez, Javier and Andreas Conejero, Raquel and Segota, Ena and Weitzel, Jeffrey N. and Thelander, Margo and Peterlongo, Paolo and Radice, Paolo and Pensotti, Valeria and Dolcetti, Riccardo and Bonanni, Bernardo and Peissel, Bernard and Zaffaroni, Daniela and Scuvera, Giulietta and Manoukian, Siranoush and Varesco, Liliana and Capone, Gabriele L. and Papi, Laura and Ottini, Laura and Yannoukakos, Drakoulis and Konstantopoulou, Irene and Garber, Judy and Hamann, Ute and Donaldson, Alan and Brady, Angela and Brewer, Carole and Foo, Claire and Evans, D. Gareth and Frost, Debra and Eccles, Diana and Douglas, Fiona and Cook, Jackie and Adlard, Julian and Barwell, Julian and Walker, Lisa and Izatt, Louise and Side, Lucy E. and Kennedy, M. John and Tischkowitz, Marc and Rogers, Mark T. and Porteous, Mary E. and Morrison, Patrick J. and Platte, Radka and Eeles, Ros and Davidson, Rosemarie and Hodgson, Shirley and Cole, Trevor and Godwin, Andrew K and Isaacs, Claudine and Claes, Kathleen and De Leeneer, Kim and Meindl, Alfons and Gehrig, Andrea and Wappenschmidt, Barbara and Sutter, Christian and Engel, Christoph and Niederacher, Dieter and Steinemann, Doris and Plendl, Hansjoerg and Kast, Karin and Rhiem, Kerstin and Ditsch, Nina and Arnold, Norbert and Varon-Mateeva, Raymonda and Schmutzler, Rita K. and Preisler-Adams, Sabine and Markov, Nadja Bogdanova and Wang-Gohrke, Shan and de Pauw, Antoine and Lefol, Cedrick and Lasset, Christine and Leroux, Dominique and Rouleau, Etienne and Damiola, Francesca and Dreyfus, Helene and Barjhoux, Laure and Golmard, Lisa and Uhrhammer, Nancy and Bonadona, Valerie and Sornin, Valerie and Bignon, Yves-Jean and Carter, Jonathan and Van Le, Linda and Piedmonte, Marion and DiSilvestro, Paul A. and de la Hoya, Miguel and Caldes, Trinidad and Nevanlinna, Heli and Aittom{\"a}ki, Kristiina and Jager, Agnes and van den Ouweland, Ans M. W. and Kets, Carolien M. and Aalfs, Cora M. and van Leeuwen, Flora E. and Hogervorst, Frans B. L. and Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne E. J. and Oosterwijk, Jan C. and van Roozendaal, Kees E. P. and Rookus, Matti A. and Devilee, Peter and van der Luijt, Rob B. and Olah, Edith and Diez, Orland and Teule, Alex and Lazaro, Conxi and Blanco, Ignacio and Del Valle, Jesus and Jakubowska, Anna and Sukiennicki, Grzegorz and Gronwald, Jacek and Spurdle, Amanda B. and Foulkes, William and Olswold, Curtis and Lindor, Noralene M. and Pankratz, Vernon S. and Szabo, Csilla I. and Lincoln, Anne and Jacobs, Lauren and Corines, Marina and Robson, Mark and Vijai, Joseph and Berger, Andreas and Fink-Retter, Anneliese and Singer, Christian F. and Rappaport, Christine and Geschwantler Kaulich, Daphne and Pfeiler, Georg and Tea, Muy-Kheng and Greene, Mark H. and Mai, Phuong L. and Rennert, Gad and Imyanitov, Evgeny N. and Mulligan, Anna Marie and Glendon, Gord and Andrulis, Irene L. and Tchatchou, Andrine and Toland, Amanda Ewart and Pedersen, Inge Sokilde and Thomassen, Mads and Kruse, Torben A. and Jensen, Uffe Birk and Caligo, Maria A. and Friedman, Eitan and Zidan, Jamal and Laitman, Yael and Lindblom, Annika and Melin, Beatrice and Arver, Brita and Loman, Niklas and Rosenquist, Richard and Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. and Nussbaum, Robert L. and Ramus, Susan J. and Nathanson, Katherine L. and Domchek, Susan M. and Rebbeck, Timothy R. and Arun, Banu K. and Mitchell, Gillian and Karlan, Bethy Y. and Lester, Jenny and Orsulic, Sandra and Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique and Thomas, Gilles and Simard, Jacques and Couch, Fergus J. and Offit, Kenenth and Easton, Douglas F. and Chenevix-Trench, Georgia and Antoniou, Antonis C. and Mazoyer, Sylvie and Phelan, Catherine M. and Sinilnikova, Olga M. and Cox, David G.}, title = {An original phylogenetic approach identified mitochondrial haplogroup T1a1 as inversely associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers}, series = {Breast Cancer Research}, volume = {17}, journal = {Breast Cancer Research}, number = {61}, doi = {10.1186/s13058-015-0567-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-145458}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Introduction: Individuals carrying pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a high lifetime risk of breast cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in DNA double-strand break repair, DNA alterations that can be caused by exposure to reactive oxygen species, a main source of which are mitochondria. Mitochondrial genome variations affect electron transport chain efficiency and reactive oxygen species production. Individuals with different mitochondrial haplogroups differ in their metabolism and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Variability in mitochondrial genetic background can alter reactive oxygen species production, leading to cancer risk. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial haplogroups modify breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Methods: We genotyped 22,214 (11,421 affected, 10,793 unaffected) mutation carriers belonging to the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 for 129 mitochondrial polymorphisms using the iCOGS array. Haplogroup inference and association detection were performed using a phylogenetic approach. ALTree was applied to explore the reference mitochondrial evolutionary tree and detect subclades enriched in affected or unaffected individuals. Results: We discovered that subclade T1a1 was depleted in affected BRCA2 mutation carriers compared with the rest of clade T (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.55; 95\% confidence interval (CI), 0.34 to 0.88; P = 0.01). Compared with the most frequent haplogroup in the general population (that is, H and T clades), the T1a1 haplogroup has a HR of 0.62 (95\% CI, 0.40 to 0.95; P = 0.03). We also identified three potential susceptibility loci, including G13708A/rs28359178, which has demonstrated an inverse association with familial breast cancer risk. Conclusions: This study illustrates how original approaches such as the phylogeny-based method we used can empower classical molecular epidemiological studies aimed at identifying association or risk modification effects.}, language = {en} }