@article{AsterRomanosWalitzaetal.2022, author = {Aster, Hans-Christoph and Romanos, Marcel and Walitza, Susanne and Gerlach, Manfred and M{\"u}hlberger, Andreas and Rizzo, Albert and Andreatta, Marta and Hasenauer, Natalie and Hartrampf, Philipp E. and Nerlich, Kai and Reiners, Christoph and Lorenz, Reinhard and Buck, Andreas K. and Deserno, Lorenz}, title = {Responsivity of the striatal dopamine system to methylphenidate — A within-subject I-123-β-CIT-SPECT study in male children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder}, series = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, issn = {1664-0640}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2022.804730}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-270862}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: Methylphenidate (MPH) is the first-line pharmacological treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). MPH binds to the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT), which has high density in the striatum. Assessments of the striatal dopamine transporter by single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT) in childhood and adolescent patients are rare but can provide insight on how the effects of MPH affect DAT availability. The aim of our within-subject study was to investigate the effect of MPH on DAT availability and how responsivity to MPH in DAT availability is linked to clinical symptoms and cognitive functioning. Methods Thirteen adolescent male patients (9-16 years) with a diagnosis of ADHD according to the DSM-IV and long-term stimulant medication (for at least 6 months) with MPH were assessed twice within 7 days using SPECT after application of I-123-β-CIT to examine DAT binding potential (DAT BP). SPECT measures took place in an on- and off-MPH status balanced for order across participants. A virtual reality continuous performance test was performed at each time point. Further clinical symptoms were assessed for baseline off-MPH. Results On-MPH status was associated with a highly significant change (-29.9\%) of striatal DAT BP as compared to off-MPH (t = -4.12, p = 0.002). A more pronounced change in striatal DAT BP was associated with higher off-MPH attentional and externalizing symptom ratings (Pearson r = 0.68, p = 0.01). Striatal DAT BP off-MPH, but not on-MPH, was associated with higher symptom ratings (Pearson r = 0.56, p = 0.04). Conclusion Our findings corroborate previous reports from mainly adult samples that MPH changes striatal DAT BP availability and suggest higher off-MPH DAT BP, likely reflecting low baseline DA levels, as a marker of symptom severity.}, language = {en} } @article{IsaiasSpiegelBrumbergetal.2014, author = {Isaias, Ioannis Ugo and Spiegel, J{\"o}rg and Brumberg, Joachim and Cosgrove, Kelly P. and Marotta, Giorgio and Oishi, Naoya and Higuchi, Takahiro and K{\"u}sters, Sebastian and Schiller, Markus and Dillmann, Ulrich and van Dyck, Christopher H. and Buck, Andreas and Herrmann, Ken and Schloegl, Susanne and Volkmann, Jens and Lassmann, Michael and Fassbender, Klaus and Lorenz, Reinhard and Samnick, Samuel}, title = {Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor density in cognitively intact subjects at an early stage of Parkinson's disease}, series = {Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience}, doi = {10.3389/fnagi.2014.00213}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119351}, pages = {213}, year = {2014}, abstract = {We investigated in vivo brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) distribution in cognitively intact subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) at an early stage of the disease. Fourteen patients and 13 healthy subjects were imaged with single photon emission computed tomography and the radiotracer 5-[(123)I]iodo-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine ([(123)I]5IA). Patients were selected according to several criteria, including short duration of motor signs (<7 years) and normal scores at an extensive neuropsychological evaluation. In PD patients, nAChR density was significantly higher in the putamen, the insular cortex and the supplementary motor area and lower in the caudate nucleus, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the middle temporal gyrus. Disease duration positively correlated with nAChR density in the putamen ipsilateral (ρ = 0.56, p < 0.05) but not contralateral (ρ = 0.49, p = 0.07) to the clinically most affected hemibody. We observed, for the first time in vivo, higher nAChR density in brain regions of the motor and limbic basal ganglia circuits of subjects with PD. Our findings support the notion of an up-regulated cholinergic activity at the striatal and possibly cortical level in cognitively intact PD patients at an early stage of disease.}, language = {en} } @article{NemesJohannSteinbuegletal.2022, author = {Nemes, Karolina and Johann, Pascal D. and Steinb{\"u}gl, Mona and Gruhle, Miriam and Bens, Susanne and Kachanov, Denis and Teleshova, Margarita and Hauser, Peter and Simon, Thorsten and Tippelt, Stephan and Eberl, Wolfgang and Chada, Martin and Lopez, Vicente Santa-Maria and Grigull, Lorenz and Hern{\´a}iz-Driever, Pablo and Eyrich, Matthias and Pears, Jane and Milde, Till and Reinhard, Harald and Leipold, Alfred and van de Wetering, Marianne and Gil-da-Costa, Maria Jo{\~a}o and Ebetsberger-Dachs, Georg and Kerl, Kornelius and Lemmer, Andreas and Boztug, Heidrun and Furtw{\"a}ngler, Rhoikos and Kordes, Uwe and Vokuhl, Christian and Hasselblatt, Martin and Bison, Brigitte and Kr{\"o}ncke, Thomas and Melchior, Patrick and Timmermann, Beate and Gerss, Joachim and Siebert, Reiner and Fr{\"u}hwald, Michael C.}, title = {Infants and newborns with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) and extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumors (eMRT) in the EU-RHAB registry: a unique and challenging population}, series = {Cancers}, volume = {14}, journal = {Cancers}, number = {9}, issn = {2072-6694}, doi = {10.3390/cancers14092185}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-270730}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Introduction: Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) predominantly affect infants and young children. Patients below six months of age represent a particularly therapeutically challenging group. Toxicity to developing organ sites limits intensity of treatment. Information on prognostic factors, genetics, toxicity of treatment and long-term outcomes is sparse. Methods: Clinical, genetic, and treatment data of 100 patients (aged below 6 months at diagnosis) from 13 European countries were analyzed (2005-2020). Tumors and matching blood samples were examined for SMARCB1 mutations using FISH, MLPA and Sanger sequencing. DNA methylation subgroups (ATRT-TYR, ATRT-SHH, and ATRT-MYC) were determined using 450 k / 850 k-profiling. Results: A total of 45 patients presented with ATRT, 29 with extracranial, extrarenal (eMRT) and 9 with renal rhabdoid tumors (RTK). Seventeen patients demonstrated synchronous tumors (SYN). Metastases (M+) were present in 27\% (26/97) at diagnosis. A germline mutation (GLM) was detected in 55\% (47/86). DNA methylation subgrouping was available in 50\% (31 / 62) with ATRT or SYN; for eMRT, methylation-based subgrouping was not performed. The 5-year overall (OS) and event free survival (EFS) rates were 23.5 ± 4.6\% and 19 ± 4.1\%, respectively. Male sex (11 ± 5\% vs. 35.8 ± 7.4\%), M+ stage (6.1 ± 5.4\% vs. 36.2 ± 7.4\%), presence of SYN (7.1 ± 6.9\% vs. 26.6 ± 5.3\%) and GLM (7.7 ± 4.2\% vs. 45.7 ± 8.6\%) were significant prognostic factors for 5-year OS. Molecular subgrouping and survival analyses confirm a previously described survival advantage for ATRT-TYR. In an adjusted multivariate model, clinical factors that favorably influence the prognosis were female sex, localized stage, absence of a GLM and maintenance therapy. Conclusions: In this cohort of homogenously treated infants with MRT, significant predictors of outcome were sex, M-stage, GLM and maintenance therapy. We confirm the need to stratify which patient groups benefit from multimodal treatment, and which need novel therapeutic strategies. Biomarker-driven tailored trials may be a key option.}, language = {en} } @article{DammertBraegelmannOlsenetal.2019, author = {Dammert, Marcel A. and Br{\"a}gelmann, Johannes and Olsen, Rachelle R. and B{\"o}hm, Stefanie and Monhasery, Niloufar and Whitney, Christopher P. and Chalishazar, Milind D. and Tumbrink, Hannah L. and Guthrie, Matthew R. and Klein, Sebastian and Ireland, Abbie S. and Ryan, Jeremy and Schmitt, Anna and Marx, Annika and Ozretić, Luka and Castiglione, Roberta and Lorenz, Carina and Jachimowicz, Ron D. and Wolf, Elmar and Thomas, Roman K. and Poirier, John T. and B{\"u}ttner, Reinhard and Sen, Triparna and Byers, Lauren A. and Reinhardt, H. Christian and Letai, Anthony and Oliver, Trudy G. and Sos, Martin L.}, title = {MYC paralog-dependent apoptotic priming orchestrates a spectrum of vulnerabilities in small cell lung cancer}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {10}, journal = {Nature Communications}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-11371-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223569}, year = {2019}, abstract = {MYC paralogs are frequently activated in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) but represent poor drug targets. Thus, a detailed mapping of MYC-paralog-specific vulnerabilities may help to develop effective therapies for SCLC patients. Using a unique cellular CRISPR activation model, we uncover that, in contrast to MYCN and MYCL, MYC represses BCL2 transcription via interaction with MIZ1 and DNMT3a. The resulting lack of BCL2 expression promotes sensitivity to cell cycle control inhibition and dependency on MCL1. Furthermore, MYC activation leads to heightened apoptotic priming, intrinsic genotoxic stress and susceptibility to DNA damage checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, combined AURK and CHK1 inhibition substantially prolongs the survival of mice bearing MYC-driven SCLC beyond that of combination chemotherapy. These analyses uncover MYC-paralog-specific regulation of the apoptotic machinery with implications for genotype-based selection of targeted therapeutics in SCLC patients.}, language = {en} }