@article{WagenbrennerHeinzHorasetal.2020, author = {Wagenbrenner, Mike and Heinz, Tizian and Horas, Konstantin and Jakuscheit, Axel and Arnholdt, Joerg and Mayer-Wagner, Susanne and Rudert, Maximilian and Holzapfel, Boris M. and Weißenberger, Manuel}, title = {Impact of Tranexamic Acid on Chondrocytes and Osteogenically Differentiated Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSCs) In Vitro}, series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine}, volume = {9}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine}, number = {12}, issn = {2077-0383}, doi = {10.3390/jcm9123880}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219410}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The topical application of tranexamic acid (TXA) helps to prevent post-operative blood loss in total joint replacements. Despite these findings, the effects on articular and periarticular tissues remain unclear. Therefore, this in vitro study examined the effects of varying exposure times and concentrations of TXA on proliferation rates, gene expression and differentiation capacity of chondrocytes and human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), which underwent osteogenic differentiation. Chondrocytes and hMSCs were isolated and multiplied in monolayer cell cultures. Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was induced for 21 days using a differentiation medium containing specific growth factors. Cell proliferation was analyzed using ATP assays. Effects of TXA on cell morphology were examined via light microscopy and histological staining, while expression levels of tissue-specific genes were measured using semiquantitative RT-PCR. After treatment with 50 mg/mL of TXA, a decrease in cell proliferation rates was observed. Furthermore, treatment with concentrations of 20 mg/mL of TXA for at least 48 h led to a visible detachment of chondrocytes. TXA treatment with 50 mg/mL for at least 24 h led to a decrease in the expression of specific marker genes in chondrocytes and osteogenically differentiated hMSCs. No significant effects were observed for concentrations beyond 20 mg/mL of TXA combined with exposure times of less than 24 h. This might therefore represent a safe limit for topical application in vivo. Further research regarding in vivo conditions and effects on hMSC functionality are necessary to fully determine the effects of TXA on articular and periarticular tissues.}, language = {en} } @article{WagenbrennerMayerWagnerRudertetal.2021, author = {Wagenbrenner, Mike and Mayer-Wagner, Susanne and Rudert, Maximilian and Holzapfel, Boris Michael and Weissenberger, Manuel}, title = {Combinations of hydrogels and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for cartilage tissue engineering — a review of the literature}, series = {Gels}, volume = {7}, journal = {Gels}, number = {4}, issn = {2310-2861}, doi = {10.3390/gels7040217}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250177}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Cartilage offers limited regenerative capacity. Cell-based approaches have emerged as a promising alternative in the treatment of cartilage defects and osteoarthritis. Due to their easy accessibility, abundancy, and chondrogenic potential mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) offer an attractive cell source. MSCs are often combined with natural or synthetic hydrogels providing tunable biocompatibility, biodegradability, and enhanced cell functionality. In this review, we focused on the different advantages and disadvantages of various natural, synthetic, and modified hydrogels. We examined the different combinations of MSC-subpopulations and hydrogels used for cartilage engineering in preclinical and clinical studies and reviewed the effects of added growth factors or gene transfer on chondrogenesis in MSC-laden hydrogels. The aim of this review is to add to the understanding of the disadvantages and advantages of various combinations of MSC-subpopulations, growth factors, gene transfers, and hydrogels in cartilage engineering.}, language = {en} } @misc{Mayer2020, author = {Mayer, Manuel}, title = {Rezension zu: Damian Dombrowski: Tiepolos Globalit{\"a}t, in: Kulturstadt W{\"u}rzburg. Kunst, Literatur und Wissenschaft von der Sch{\"o}nbornzeit bis zur Reichsgr{\"u}ndung, Bd. 2, W{\"u}rzburg 2013, S. 107-152.}, doi = {10.11588/artdok.00007016}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218652}, pages = {1-6}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Rezension des 2013 erschienen Artikels zu "Tiepolos Globalit{\"a}t" von Prof. Damian Dombrowski.}, subject = {Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Mayer2020, author = {Mayer, Manuel}, title = {Die ertr{\"a}umte Kunst Pierre Puvis de Chavannes'. Eine Studie zum Verh{\"a}ltnis von Forschung und Kunstkritik im Angesicht einer Malerei ziwschen Staffelei- und Wandbild}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-21144}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-211449}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Die Kunst Pierre Puvis de Chavannes' erf{\"a}hrt noch lange nicht jene Beachtung, die ihr geb{\"u}hrt. Ja, man muss sogar sagen, sie wird grunds{\"a}tzlich verkannt. Nur wenigen ist die Malerei Puvis' ein verl{\"a}sslicher Begriff. Das liegt nicht zuletzt an jenem engen Kreis von Wissenschaftlern, der ein geradezu absurdes Bild von ihr entwirft. Die Malerei des franz{\"o}sischen Meisters gilt bislang als eine traumhaft zeichenhafte und damit als wesentlicher Faktor f{\"u}r den im sp{\"a}ten Jahrhundert auftretenden Symbolismus. Vollkommen {\"u}bersehen dabei jedoch wird die Tatsache, dass diese Definition ein Bild konstruiert, in dem Malerei nur noch das Vehikel zum Zweck ihrer Selbstaufhebung darstellt. Ein derartig argumentativer Unsinn hat in der Wissenschaft nicht nur Methode entwickelt, sondern zugleich tiefe Wurzeln in der eigenen Quelle geschlagen. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt auf eindrucksvolle Art und Weise, wie sehr die aktuelle Forschung ihr Puvis-Bild aus der Kunstkritik der Puvis-Zeitgenossen gewonnen hat. Mit diesem schwerwiegenden Erbe in der Wissenschaft wird zugleich auch sichtbar gemacht, dass schon die Zeitgenossen mit der Malerei Puvis' haderten. Angesichts der Besonderheiten der von Puvis seinem Betrachter vor Augen gestellten Bilder scheiterte schon die Sprache des wertenden Kritikers, sobald sie von der Kunstleistung des Malers {\"u}berstiegen wurde. Eine Wissenschaft aber, die ihre sachliche Distanz zur wertenden Kritik der Zeitgenossen vollkommen verloren hat, zeigt im Besonderen auf, wie stark noch heute die Leistung Puvis' als Herausforderung, als Provokation zur wertenden Stellungnahme verstanden wird. Eine solche Stellungnahme kann aber von einer Kunstwissenschaft, die auf Objektivierung und Distanzierung festgenagelt ist, nicht geleistet werden. So zeigt die Studie beispielhaft, dass Kunst nicht nur etwas historisch Vergangenes ist. In genuin malerischer Absicht wirkt sie selbst im Wissenschaftler auf jene Pers{\"o}nlichkeit, die ihre Wissenschaftlichkeit vertreten muss. Der Konfrontation mit diesem Problem - das zeigt die Studie exemplarisch - ist unsere Disziplin schon viel zu lange aus dem Wege gegangen.}, subject = {Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre}, language = {de} } @article{WagenbrennerPokerHeinzetal.2022, author = {Wagenbrenner, Mike and Poker, Konrad and Heinz, Tizian and Herrmann, Marietta and Horas, Konstantin and Ebert, Regina and Mayer-Wagner, Susanne and Holzapfel, Boris M. and Rudert, Maximilian and Steinert, Andre F. and Weißenberger, Manuel}, title = {Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from various tissues of the human arthritic knee joint possess similar multipotent differentiation potential}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {12}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {4}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {10.3390/app12042239}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262334}, year = {2022}, abstract = {(1) Background: The mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of different tissue origins are applied in cell-based chondrogenic regeneration. However, there is a lack of comparability determining the most suitable cell source for the tissue engineering (TE) of cartilage. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro chondrogenic potential of MSC-like cells from different tissue sources (bone marrow, meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament, synovial membrane, and the infrapatellar fat pad removed during total knee arthroplasty (TKA)) and define which cell source is best suited for cartilage regeneration. (2) Methods: MSC-like cells were isolated from five donors and expanded using adherent monolayer cultures. Differentiation was induced by culture media containing specific growth factors. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1 was used as the growth factor for chondrogenic differentiation. Osteogenesis and adipogenesis were induced in monolayer cultures for 27 days, while pellet cell cultures were used for chondrogenesis for 21 days. Control cultures were maintained under the same conditions. After, the differentiation period samples were analyzed, using histological and immunohistochemical staining, as well as molecularbiological analysis by RT-PCR, to assess the expression of specific marker genes. (3) Results: Plastic-adherent growth and in vitro trilineage differentiation capacity of all isolated cells were proven. Flow cytometry revealed the clear co-expression of surface markers CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 on all isolated cells. Adipogenesis was validated through the formation of lipid droplets, while osteogenesis was proven by the formation of calcium deposits within differentiated cell cultures. The formation of proteoglycans was observed during chondrogenesis in pellet cultures, with immunohistochemical staining revealing an increased relative gene expression of collagen type II. RT-PCR proved an elevated expression of specific marker genes after successful differentiation, with no significant differences regarding different cell source of native tissue. (4) Conclusions: Irrespective of the cell source of native tissue, all MSC-like cells showed multipotent differentiation potential in vitro. The multipotent differentiation capacity did not differ significantly, and chondrogenic differentiation was proven in all pellet cultures. Therefore, cell suitability for cell-based cartilage therapies and tissue engineering is given for various tissue origins that are routinely removed during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study might provide essential information for the clinical tool of cell harvesting, leading to more flexibility in cell availability.}, language = {en} } @article{JobBittlingmaierMayeretal.2021, author = {Job, Hubert and Bittlingmaier, Sarah and Mayer, Marius and von Ruschkowski, Eick and Woltering, Manuel}, title = {Park-People Relationships: The Socioeconomic Monitoring of National Parks in Bavaria, Germany}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {13}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {16}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su13168984}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245061}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Questions about park-people relationships and the understanding and handling of the conflicts that may result from the creation and management of national parks in the surrounding area are prerequisites for both successful park management and sustainable rural tourism development. This paper analyzes the roles that research may play in relation to park-people relationships in the context of the two oldest German national parks located in Bavaria. The different fields of action of national parks are used to identify the potential for conflict, using detailed case studies from the Bavarian Forest and Berchtesgaden National Parks using quantitative population surveys carried out in 2018. The overall attitude towards both national parks is overwhelmingly positive, with trust towards park administrations and the perceived economic benefits from rural tourism being the attitudes most strongly correlated to the overall level of park-people relationships. Nevertheless, some points of contention still exist, like the ecological integrity approach towards strict nature conservation and related landscape changes (e.g., deadwood cover). A comparison over time shows in both cases that the spatial proximity to the protected area negatively influences people's attitudes towards the parks, but less so than in the past. Recommendations for national park management include communicating proactively and with greater transparency with locals and decision-makers, to identify conflicts earlier and, where possible, to eliminate them. Furthermore, developing a standardized method to monitor park-people relationships in Germany is a must and would benefit integrated approaches in research and management based on conservation social science.}, language = {en} } @article{RiemerKrankeHelfetal.2021, author = {Riemer, Manuel and Kranke, Peter and Helf, Antonia and Mayer, Debora and Popp, Maria and Schlesinger, Tobias and Meybohm, Patrick and Weibel, Stephanie}, title = {Trial registration and selective outcome reporting in 585 clinical trials investigating drugs for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting}, series = {BMC Anesthesiology}, volume = {21}, journal = {BMC Anesthesiology}, doi = {10.1186/s12871-021-01464-w}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265518}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: Selective outcome reporting in clinical trials introduces bias in the body of evidence distorting clinical decision making. Trial registration aims to prevent this bias and is suggested by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) since 2004. Methods: The 585 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1965 and 2017 that were included in a recently published Cochrane review on antiemetic drugs for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting were selected. In a retrospective study, we assessed trial registration and selective outcome reporting by comparing study publications with their registered protocols according to the 'Cochrane Risk of bias' assessment tool 1.0. Results: In the Cochrane review, the first study which referred to a registered trial protocol was published in 2004. Of all 585 trials included in the Cochrane review, 334 RCTs were published in 2004 or later, of which only 22\% (75/334) were registered. Among the registered trials, 36\% (27/75) were pro- and 64\% (48/75) were retrospectively registered. 41\% (11/27) of the prospectively registered trials were free of selective outcome reporting bias, 22\% (6/27) were incompletely registered and assessed as unclear risk, and 37\% (10/27) were assessed as high risk. Major outcome discrepancies between registered and published high risk trials were a change from the registered primary to a published secondary outcome (32\%), a new primary outcome (26\%), and different outcome assessment times (26\%). Among trials with high risk of selective outcome reporting 80\% favoured at least one statistically significant result. Registered trials were assessed more often as 'overall low risk of bias' compared to non-registered trials (64\% vs 28\%). Conclusions: In 2017, 13 years after the ICMJE declared prospective protocol registration a necessity for reliable clinical studies, the frequency and quality of trial registration in the field of PONV is very poor. Selective outcome reporting reduces trustworthiness in findings of clinical trials. Investigators and clinicians should be aware that only following a properly registered protocol and transparently reporting of predefined outcomes, regardless of the direction and significance of the result, will ultimately strengthen the body of evidence in the field of PONV research in the future.}, language = {en} }