@article{KrugVollandReichetal.2020,
  author    = {Krug, Ralf and Volland, Julian and Reich, Sebastian and Soliman, Sebastian and Connert, Thomas and Krastl, Gabriel},
  title     = {Guided endodontic treatment of multiple teeth with dentin dysplasia: a case report},
  series = {Head \& Face Medicine},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Head \& Face Medicine},
  doi       = {10.1186/s13005-020-00240-4},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230271},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Background To report the outcome of guided endodontic treatment (GET) of a case of dentin dysplasia with pulp canal calcification (PCC) and apical periodontitis based on the use of a 3D-printed template designed by merging cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and surface scan data. Case presentation A 12-year old female with radicular dentin dysplasia type I (DD-1) presented for endodontic treatment. Radiography revealed PCC in all teeth and apical radiolucency in seven teeth (12, 15, 26, 31, 32, 36 and 46). Tooth 36 had the most acute symptoms and was thus treated first by conventional access cavity preparation and root canal detection. Despite meticulous technique, the distal and mesiolingual canals were perforated. The perforations were immediately repaired with mineral trioxide aggregate, and the decision was made to switch to guided endodontic treatment for the remaining 6 teeth. CBCT and intraoral surface scans were acquired and matched using coDiagnostix planning software (Dental Wings Inc.), the respective drill positions for root canal location were determined, and templates were virtually designed and 3D-printed. The template was positioned on the respective tooth, and a customized drill was used to penetrate the calcified part of the root canal and perform minimally invasive access cavity preparation up to the apical region. All root canals were rapidly and successfully located with the templates. At 1-year follow-up, clear signs of apical healing were present in all treated teeth. Conclusions In patients with dentin dysplasia, conventional endodontic therapy is challenging. GET considerably facilitates the root canal treatment of teeth affected by dentin dysplasia.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KempfKrugPuppe2023,
  author    = {Kempf, Sebastian and Krug, Markus and Puppe, Frank},
  title     = {KIETA: Key-insight extraction from scientific tables},
  series = {Applied Intelligence},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Applied Intelligence},
  number    = {8},
  issn      = {0924-669X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10489-022-03957-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324180},
  pages     = {9513-9530},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {An important but very time consuming part of the research process is literature review. An already large and nevertheless growing ground set of publications as well as a steadily increasing publication rate continue to worsen the situation. Consequently, automating this task as far as possible is desirable. Experimental results of systems are key-insights of high importance during literature review and usually represented in form of tables. Our pipeline KIETA exploits these tables to contribute to the endeavor of automation by extracting them and their contained knowledge from scientific publications. The pipeline is split into multiple steps to guarantee modularity as well as analyzability, and agnosticim regarding the specific scientific domain up until the knowledge extraction step, which is based upon an ontology. Additionally, a dataset of corresponding articles has been manually annotated with information regarding table and knowledge extraction. Experiments show promising results that signal the possibility of an automated system, while also indicating limits of extracting knowledge from tables without any context.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LudwigReymusWinkleretal.2023,
  author    = {Ludwig, Julia and Reymus, Marcel and Winkler, Alexander and Soliman, Sebastian and Krug, Ralf and Krastl, Gabriel},
  title     = {Root maturation of an immature dens invaginatus despite unsuccessful revitalization procedure: a case report and recommendations for educational purposes},
  series = {Dentistry Journal},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Dentistry Journal},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {2304-6767},
  doi       = {10.3390/dj11020047},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304108},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Background: The clinical management of teeth with complex dens invaginatus (DI) malformations and apical periodontitis may be challenging due to the lack of routine. The aim of this case report is to describe the endodontic treatment of an immature tooth with DI and to discuss strategies for preclinical training for teeth with such malformations. Case report: A 9-year-old male presented with an immature maxillary incisor with DI (Oehlers Type II) and apical periodontitis which was diagnosed by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Revitalization was initially attempted but then abandoned after failure to generate a stable blood clot. Nevertheless, considerable increase in both root length and thickness could be detected after medication with calcium hydroxide followed by root canal filling with MTA as an apical plug. Conclusions: The endodontic management of teeth with DI requires thorough treatment planning. In immature teeth, under certain conditions, root maturation may occur even with conventional apexification procedures. From an educational perspective, different strategies including CBCT and 3D-printed transparent tooth models for visualization of the complex internal morphology and redesigned 3D-printed replica with various degrees of difficulty for endodontic training, can be used to overcome the challenges associated with endodontic treatment of such teeth.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HahnHaubitzKrugetal.2022,
  author    = {Hahn, Britta and Haubitz, Imme and Krug, Ralf and Krastl, Gabriel and Soliman, Sebastian},
  title     = {Influence of matrix type on marginal gap formation of deep class II bulk-fill composite restorations},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {9},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph19094961},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-270712},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background: To test the hypothesis that transparent matrices result in more continuous margins of bulk-fill composite (BFC) restorations than metal matrices. Methods: Forty standardized MOD cavities in human molars with cervical margins in enamel and dentin were created and randomly assigned to four restorative treatment protocols: conventional nanohybrid composite (NANO) restoration (Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) with a metal matrix (NANO-METAL) versus transparent matrix (NANO-TRANS), and bulk-fill composite restoration (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) with a metal matrix (BFC-METAL) versus transparent matrix (BFC-TRANS). After artificial aging (2500 thermal cycles), marginal quality was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy using the replica technique. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon test. The level of significance was p < 0.05. Results: Metal matrices yielded significantly (p = 0.0011) more continuous margins (46.211\%) than transparent matrices (27.073\%). Differences in continuous margins between NANO (34.482\%) and BFC (38.802\%) were not significant (p = 0.56). Matrix type did not influence marginal gap formation in BFC (p = 0.27) but did in NANO restorations (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Metal matrices positively influence the marginal quality of class II composite restorations, especially in deep cavity areas. The bulk-fill composite seems to be less sensitive to the influence of factors such as light polymerization and matrix type.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OelschlaegelWeissSadanSalpeteretal.2020,
  author    = {Oelschlaegel, Diana and Weiss Sadan, Tommy and Salpeter, Seth and Krug, Sebastian and Blum, Galia and Schmitz, Werner and Schulze, Almut and Michl, Patrick},
  title     = {Cathepsin inhibition modulates metabolism and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages},
  series = {Cancers},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Cancers},
  number    = {9},
  issn      = {2072-6694},
  doi       = {10.3390/cancers12092579},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213040},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Stroma-infiltrating immune cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), play an important role in regulating tumor progression and chemoresistance. These effects are mostly conveyed by secreted mediators, among them several cathepsin proteases. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that stroma-infiltrating immune cells are able to induce profound metabolic changes within the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we aimed to characterize the impact of cathepsins in maintaining the TAM phenotype in more detail. For this purpose, we investigated the molecular effects of pharmacological cathepsin inhibition on the viability and polarization of human primary macrophages as well as its metabolic consequences. Pharmacological inhibition of cathepsins B, L, and S using a novel inhibitor, GB111-NH\(_2\), led to changes in cellular recycling processes characterized by an increased expression of autophagy- and lysosome-associated marker genes and reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Decreased cathepsin activity in primary macrophages further led to distinct changes in fatty acid metabolites associated with increased expression of key modulators of fatty acid metabolism, such as fatty acid synthase (FASN) and acid ceramidase (ASAH1). The altered fatty acid profile was associated with an increased synthesis of the pro-inflammatory prostaglandin PGE\(_2\), which correlated with the upregulation of numerous NF\(_k\)B-dependent pro-inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). Our data indicate a novel link between cathepsin activity and metabolic reprogramming in macrophages, demonstrated by a profound impact on autophagy and fatty acid metabolism, which facilitates a pro-inflammatory micromilieu generally associated with enhanced tumor elimination. These results provide a strong rationale for therapeutic cathepsin inhibition to overcome the tumor-promoting effects of the immune-evasive tumor micromilieu.},
  language  = {en}
}